GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALMATY

PROGRAMME OF ACTION (APoA)

Ms Heidi Schroderus-Fox, Director, UN-OHRLLS

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schroderus-fox@un.org

APoA to address special Challenges of LLDCs

Lack of territorial access to the sea Remoteness and isolation from world markets Dependence on neighboring and coastal countries for imports

and exports of goods Infrastructure development costs are high Dependence on narrow range of commodities for exports Limited human and productive capacities and weak institutions Inadequate and inefficient transport infrastructure Reliance on infrastructure and institutional quality in transit

countries High vulnerability to external shocks

“ If you are coastal, you serve the World. If you are landlocked, you serve neighbors” (Paul Collier, Professor of Economics at The Oxford University)

Almaty Programme of Action: Building Genuine Partnerships

Between landlocked developing countries, transit developing countries and development partners on the following 5 priority areas:

i) Fundamental transit policy issuesii) Infrastructure development and

maintenanceiii) International trade and trade

facilitationiv) International support measuresv) Implementation and review

Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction

Average annual GDP growth 2003-2011 varies between countries

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Poverty headcount ratio at 1.25 dollars per day (% of total pop) has decreased but still high. LLDCs will unlikely achieve the MDGs by 2015

38 per cent of LLDC population still live on less than $1.25 per day and per person

Half of LLDCs continue to have mortality rates in excess of 150 per 1000 live births

Efforts to narrow the gender inequality have been recorded but much needs to be done in areas of education and labor market

LLDCs have made progress in facilitating transport and trade across borders, BUT still it takes almost double the time it takes transit countries to export

or import

Costs to export and import have increased by 38 and 36 per cent respectively between 2006 and 2013

 ExportsDocuments to export

(number)Time to export

(days)Cost to export

(US$ per container)

  2006 2013 2006 2013 2006 2013

Average LLDCs 9 8 48 42 2,207 3,040

Average transit countries 8 8 30 23 1,004 1,268

             

 ImportsDocuments to import

(number)Time to import

(days)Cost to import

(US$ per container)

  2006 2013 2006 2013 2006 2013

Average LLDCs 11 10 57 48 2,688 3,643

Average transit countries 10 8 38 27 1,282 1,567

- Bolivia: 21 days and $1,440 to export and 24 days and $1,745 to import a container- Paraguay: 29 days and $1,850 to export and 30 days and $2,275 to import a container (World Bank Doing Business Report 2014)

The percentage of paved roads in LLDCs is low, compared to other groups of countries

Percentage of Paved Roads

LLDCs merchandise exports grew by 36 per cent to reach a record-high of $224 billion in 2011. Imports recorded an increase of 23 per cent.

…..BUT LLDCs account for a very low proportion of only 1.2 per cent of the world trade

After rising by 60 per cent in real terms between 2003 and 2010, ODA flows to LLDCs fell by 3.3 per cent from $26.5 billion in 2010 to $25.7 billion in 2011

Aid for Trade to LLDCs reached $6.4 billion in 2011, a 70 per cent increase since 2005. Most flows are directed to

economic infrastructure and building productive capacity

FDI inflows to LLDCs have reached $34.8 billion in 2011 and 2012, growing by 24 per cent since the previous year and up

from just $8.9 billion in 2003

Emerging Challenges

Landlocked developing countries are negatively affected by:

Economic and financial crisis

High and volatile food and energy prices

Climate Change, land degradation, desertification and drought

New Opportunities

South-South and Triangular Cooperation

RemittancesICT as an enabler fro development Services SectorTourism

South-South Cooperation

LLDCs increasingly benefit from external support under South-South cooperation

South-South cooperation, in particular from transit countries, offers potential for increased financial and technical assistance for LLDCs:

Increased FDI Increased market access and diversified trade

opportunities Peer-to-peer sharing of experiences and best practices Cooperation in transfer of technology Regional economic integration and cooperation

Remittance inflows in 2012 (US$ million)

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Remittance inflows in 2012 (% of GDP)

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%

Remittances to LLDCs in 2012 estimated at $22bn. Only 5% of total remittances to developing countriesReducing high cost of remittances remains key.

High growth of mobile telephones and internet use, but LLDCs still lag behind

other groups of countries

The cellular subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants) increased from 6.4 per cent to 78.2 per cent between 2003 and 2012

The average percentage of internet users increased from 2.2 per cent to 18.2 per cent between 2003 and 2012

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20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Developed

Developing

LLDCs

Transit

World

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Developed

Developing

LLDCs

Transit

World

UN-OHRLLS

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Parallel Private Sector Track (Investment Forum)

Exhibition

Parallel Thematic Roundtables

Side Events

Inter-Agency Consultative 

Group Meetings 

10 February 2012, New York 6 December 2012, Geneva

10 June 2013, New

York December 2013, Geneva 1 Meeting in 2014

Pre-Conference Thematic Events  

May 2012 through

Spring 2014

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Regional Review Meetings: Africa (ECA) – Addis Ababa, July 2013 Asia and Europe (ECE and ESCAP) –

Vientiane, March 2013 Latin America (ECLAC) – Asuncion,

November 2013

Relevant Inter-governmental Processes  2011-2013:

UN GA sessions (66th,

67th and 68th) UNCTAD XIII

UNCTAD Global Services Summit

WTO 9th Ministerial Conference

Rio +20 Conference Post 2015

Development Agenda Regional

Commissions’ sessions: ESCAP, ECE,

ECA, ECLAC

Private Sector Track Events 

2013-14

Roadmap for the Preparatory Process

THANK YOU

Please Visit the Website: www.unohrlls.org