Global Issues and Solutions for a Sustainable Tourism - Part 1 - by Florie Thielin
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GLOBAL ISSUES & SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM By Florie Thielin, Master's level course – 2017 PART 1
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Transcript of Global Issues and Solutions for a Sustainable Tourism - Part 1 - by Florie Thielin
GLOBAL ISSUES & SOLUTIONS
FOR A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
By Florie Thielin, Master's level course – 2017
PART 1
FREE TO SHARE
This presentation was produced with the intention
of being openly utilized by the public and other
professors in order to help the progress of the
tourism sector towards more sustainability.
It may be broadcast and used freely. If you find it
particularly useful, feel free to send out a quick
message to the author, Florie Thielin, you will make
her day !
Email : [email protected]
Introduction
Sustainable
Tourism ?Tourism ?
Introduction
“Sustainable tourism is tourism that :
takes full account of its current and future
economic, social and environmental impacts,
addressing the needs of visitors, the industry,
the environment and host communities.”
Introduction
Sustainable tourism is
NOT a niche market !
Introduction
Sustainable tourism isthe way tourism must develop in the next years
to continue existing for many more years.
Introduction
#Impacts #Certifications
#Solutions
#Destinations #Companies
#Communication
TOURISM
Introduction
24h of courses divided into two parts :
12-13th Oct. 2017
11-12th Dec. 2017
in partnership with
Introduction
Tell me about yourself !
→ Google Sheet
Where are
you from ?
Summary
Part 1A. Global Threats & Opportunities
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
2. Negative Impacts of Tourism
3. Positive Impacts of Tourism
4. Hot Topics
5. Raising-awareness
B. Companies Management
1. Opportunities & Benefits
2. Certifications & Awards
C. Case Studies
A. Global Threats & Opportunities
Evaluation
Prior to the class :
Watch :
Movie “Tomorrow”
Documentary HopTour of France
Read :
“Can tourism alleviate global poverty?” by Susanne
Becken
“Sustainable tourism’ is not working – here’s how we
can change that” by Freya Higgins-Desbiolles
“What Do UN Sustainable Development Goals Mean
for Tourism?” by Steve Noakes
« Tourismophobie, le grand bal des hypocrites » by
Laurent Queige
Take the test
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
YESTERDAY…
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Travel has existed since the beginning of time.
People were first traveling for :
Food and clothing
Trade
Religious conviction
War
Colonization
Migration
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
In the Roman era, aristocrats and high
government officials began to travel
for pleasure (seaside resorts at
Pompeii for example).
But it was a privilege of the elite.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Mass tourism as we know it today began in England during the
industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and
inexpensive transportation (early 19th century period).
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
First annual leave in France in 1936.
With its generalization tourism
became more accessible to all.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
International tourism grew with the
arrival of the jet aircrafts in the
1950s.
Tourism became a major new
industry. World governments
started to concern about it as it
provided new employment
opportunities and a means of
earning foreign exchange.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Watch this documentary (in french) about issues with tourism - June 2017
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
?
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
→ Watch videos of the Tourism 2023 project and list particularly
what makes travel more or less attractive to people.
Four scenarios :
1. Boom and Burst
2. Divided Disquiet
3. Price and Privilege
4. Carbon Clampdown
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
“Attractive” or “less attractive” :
Whether the sensitivity of consumers to the
environmental impacts of their travel and the
attractiveness of overseas destinations make
outbound travel popular and desirable, or
comparatively less attractive and less
appealing.
“Enabled” or “inhibited” :
Whether the economy, politics, technology
and energy costs combine to facilitate or
constrain overseas travel.
→ Read the full report
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Booming UK economy and impressive advances in transport technologies have fuelled a growth in travel worldwide. People travel more frequently, further and at faster speeds than ever before and there are many new reasons to go abroad.
But precarious trade-offs have been needed in order to meet the UK’s emission targets, and many destinations are suffering from serious overcrowding. People are now asking: how long can this growth be maintained?
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Travelling overseas is an unattractive
proposition. A toxic combination of devastating
climate change impacts, violent wars over
scarce resources and social unrest has created
an unstable and fearful world. Security is tight
and travel is cumbersome, time-consuming and
inefficient.
Visitors are highly selective in where and when
they travel, cramming into a small number of
destinations where tight restrictions and
overcrowding compound the problems. Many
people have begun to think that holidaying
abroad just makes the problems worse.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
A dramatically high oil price has made travel
punitively expensive. Cost is the primary
concern for holidaymakers as everyone asks: how
far can I get for my money?
Although a small, elite market continues to fly
regularly, the vast majority of people simply
cannot afford the experience. There have been
mass redundancies across the travel industry and
the affordability of overland routes has led to
radical restructuring.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Tradable carbon quotas have been introduced for all UK households as part of the
government’s bold plans to tackle climate change. The public has clamoured for tough
action as environmental impacts are increasingly felt.
Holidaymakers are highly sensitive to the impacts of their travel and seek ethical
experiences that are within their carbon budget. Holidaying in Britain is back in
fashion and has soared in popularity.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
To get to the future you want,
it’s important to know what it looks like
and what you’re aiming for : to have a vision.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Tourism Companies Sustainable
Future
By understanding what a sustainable tourism industry could look
like, the industry can develop appropriate strategies to ensure a
profitable, successful future.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
→ Watch the video
« The Age of Sustainable Development – by Jeffrey Sachs »
Which are the four main different aspects of sustainability
described in the video ?
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
With a Prosper Economy
With Social
Inclusion
Environmentally
Sustainable
Well
Governed
For the well-being
of our children,
we need a world :
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
To go further, some movies to watch :
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Tourism grew 4x quicker than population
during the last 20 years.
Date source : the World Bank
World Population(billion of people)
International Tourism(billion of arrivals)
1995 5,71 0,525
2015 7,355 1,2
Growth +29% +129%
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted
the bold and ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
To help achieve the SDGs, UN placed an
emphasis on Goals 8,12 and 14,
concerning the tourism industry.
Sustainable + Tourism = ?
Which are the different positive & negative impacts of tourism ?
Economically
Socially & Culturally
Environmentally
Let’s debate about it !
→ Google Sheet
1. Towards a Sustainable Development
Sustainable + Tourism = ?
For Against
2. Negative Impacts
-
Instable jobs & dependence
Neocolonialism
Traditional values& local heritage
Strain on resources
Soil erosion & pollution
Biodiversity & animals welfare
Carbon footprint
Economical
Social / Cultural
Environmental
2.1 Instable jobs & dependence
Unfair labor practices : people are sometimes exploited with low wages
for long hours.
Seasonable jobs : during low season a lot of people loose their job or
suffer income reductions.
Different hours : working when friends and family are in weekends,
holidays, late at night etc…
Economical dependence : to international markets and crisis.
Less diversification : with the difference in currency between countries, it
may seem very easy to make money out of tourism and local people might
not be interested anymore in other economical activities as agriculture.
Watch out to keep a balance and a diversified economy!
2.2 Neocolonialism
Sentiment of invasion : city centers are becoming “museums”,
access to beaches privatized, etc…
Increase of prices : Local good and real estate become too
expensive for local people. Shared-economy companies (like
Airbnb) are accelerating the phenomena : flats owners prefer to
rent to tourists than to local as it is more lucrative.
Lack of products : lots of souvenirs shops, fashion shops, few
supermarkets and everyday products.
Leakage : in some countries the cash injection from tourists doesn’t
turn much into development as tourism investors are often foreign
and the profits are then expatriated.
Privacy issues : tourists are taking pictures of local people, like if
they were in a zoo, using drones without the permission, entering
private areas, etc…
Ex : Venice, Barcelona, Majorca, Traboules in Lyon, Village in
Ecuador.
2.3 Traditional values & local heritage
Globalization : is accentuated by tourism. Local people culture and
traditions are eroded as they watch American movies, want to dress up the
same, eat international food, etc…
Party atmosphere : drugs, alcohol, prostitution (++ on beaches), different
values are shown by tourists, which can be a chock for traditional and
religious values of the local people.
Increase in crime rate (thefts, assaults) : as tourists become easy targets.
Ex : Playa Venao in Panama
Souvenirs : tourists can erode local heritage by buying souvenirs which are
in fact original pieces of archeology, local heritage, etc…
2.4 Strain on resources
Source : Global Sustainable Tourism Dashboard
Scarce resources : such as electricity,
water and food, can be quite rare in
some areas and tourism is putting an
additional pression on them.
Ex : with water at Atacama desert in
Chile, in Barichara in Colombia, in ski
resort in the mountains
2.5 Soil erosion & pollution
Trashes : more trashes and sometimes no system put to
manage them well, so many plastic bottles etc… With
the arrival of cruise ships in some developing countries,
the issue is really big.
Car pollution : due to the increase of traffic, more cars.
more litters, more car traffic.
Buildings : hotels resorts built on natural sites are
sometimes participating strongly in unbalancing natural
ecosystems by eroding the coast, destroying mangroves,
cutting forests.
2.6 Biodiversity & animals welfare
Natural habitats of animals : sometimes destroyed to build hotels or
eroding by tourism activities (like scuba diving).
Souvenirs and food : tourists want to take back home souvenirs made from
ivory, turtoise, corals, etc… or try local dishes like marine turtle, shark fins,
etc… They are then directly contributing to making these species even more
endangered.
Animal welfare : tourism activities with animals can be the cause of
animals abuses and negligence, also sometimes putting their species in
danger.
Ex : Playa Venao in Panama with mangrove, “Save the turtles” in Central
America, Tigers and elephants in Thailand, birds in cages.
2.7 Carbon Footprint
Mobility : traveling around, and
particularly by taking international
flights, is largely contributing to CO2
emissions and global warning.
3. Positive Impacts
+
Infrastructure development
Increase employment
More tolerance
Traditional values& local heritage
Biodiversity Conservation
Raising-awareness
Economical
Social / Cultural
Environmental
3.1 Infrastructure development
With the increase of people visiting the destination :
more airports, roads, transport systems, hospitals are built.
It’s a virtuous circle because more infrastructure means also more development
for the whole local economy.
See the Global Sustainable Tourism Dashboard.
3.2 Increase of employment
Directly : tour guides, hotel & restaurants employees…
Indirectly thanks to a local supply chains : agriculture, local handcraft,
retails…
Remote places : which were suffering from rural exodus because of the
lack of job can get a second life thanks to tourism and it’s value chain. Ex:
Villages in Japan
Economy diversification : the more diverse the economy is, the more
resilient it becomes.
3.3 More tolerance
When traveling people go out of their
comfort zone, discover other ways of
living, make friends abroad,
understand better and respect
different cultures. When they are back
home, they usually become more
tolerant and respectful with others.
Ex : Israel / Palestine
3.4 Traditional values & local heritage
Sens of pride : Communities see that people are coming to visit their distinct
characteristics and unique culture. They feel proud about it. Ex : Quechuas
in Peru.
Preservation of traditions : Visitors are curious to discover the local
traditions, then it’s an incentive for local communities to pass on the
traditions and to keep them alive. Ex : Mapuche culture in Chile.
Local heritage conservation : tourism provides financial and incentive to
conserve and restore cultural heritage sites (old buildings, archeologic sites,
etc…). Ex : project of destroying the old town of Lyon to build an highway,
UNESCO sites.
3.6 Biodiversity conservation
Natural conservation : tourism provides financial and incentive to protect
natural sites, their ecosystem and biodiversity. Ex : UNESCO, Botswana,
Futaleufu in Chile (river protection against a water dam thanks to rafting).
See the Global Sustainable Tourism dashboard
3.7 Raising-awareness
When people are on a vacation (and through ecotourism specially), they’re
more opened to receive “environmental-friendly” messages. It’s an opportunity
to raise-awareness. “We love what we know”.
Ex : when you see for real the rainforest frog you might become more sensitive
when seeing the rainforest alliance label on products at your supermarket.
The UNWTO mandated you as a consultant to analyze the issues and
possible solutions to the main current challenges faced by the tourism
industry.
→ Google Sheet
4. Hot Topics
4.1 Hot Topics – Animals Welfare
How to ensure that tourism activities do not participate in any
sort of animals abuses ?
Video : Coup de gueule: Tourisme & Bien-être animal
4.2 Hot Topics – Voluntourism
How to struggle against the downward slides of voluntourism ?
Video : Voluntourism: When You Take More Than You Leave Behind
4.3 Hot Topics – Climate Change
How to cope with the important carbon footprint of the tourism
industry (mainly due to international flights) ?
Video : La compensation carbone
4.4 Hot Topics – Massive Tourism
How to avoid destinations to become overcrowded and suffer
the consequences of mass tourism ?
Video : Croissance touristique: Toujours plus mais pour aller où?
4.5 Hot Topics – Uberization
How to deal with the Airbnb phenomena ?
Read : Pour ou contre Airbnb ?
4. Hot Topics
Why are people still doing things even though we know
that it causes negative impacts ?
4. Hot Topics
That’s why we need :
Regulations
Sustainable goods at same price
Raising-awareness
Why are people still doing things even though we know
that it causes negative impacts ?
Short-term vision : money $$$
4. Hot Topics - Solutions
Governments
must implement policies &
integrated planning.
Consumers
should be educated.
Local communities
must have a right to participate in tourism
decision-making.
Non-governmentalorganisations
to report on the abuses of tourism.
Workers
must have their rights respected & given decent conditions.
The tourismindustry
needs to submit to local tax regimes and
regulations.
Source : The Conversation
5. Raising-awareness of travelers
A consumer-oriented campaign aimed at raising awareness.
Tips to learn to become a more responsible traveller.
5. Raising-awareness of travelers
The French ATD association launched as well a consumer-
oriented campaign in 2017.
5. Raising-awareness of travelers
5. Raising-awareness of travelers
Examples of tips for travelers :
Tips by Responsible Travel
La Charte Ethique du Voyageur - ATR
Guide du Touriste Responsable - Babel Voyages
Code of conduct by Community-based TUSOCO
Invite travelers to take concrete actions.
Be specific, link it directly to your local
challenges, explain why : The Islandic Pledge
and videos by Iceland Academy
Be creative and fun : Follow the frog by
Rainforest Alliance, Safety instructions by Air
New Zealand
«Svp, pour nous aider à sauverla planète, ne pas consommertrop d’eau.»
«L’eau est une ressourceprécieuse, s’il vous plaît aidez-nous à la préserver en prenantdes douches courtes.»
«L’eau de l’hôtel est potable, elle provient d’une sourcenaturelle et se chauffe au bois.
En prenant des douches courtes, vous pouvez nous aider à préserver ces resourcesprécieuses : l’eau et le bois.»
5. Raising-awareness of travelers
5. Raising-awareness of travelers
Choose one type of destination :
Natural Marine Reserve
National Park
UNESCO old town
Indigenous village
… other ?
You’re the new DMO manager !
Pick up 3 topics on which you would like to raise specially the awareness of your visitors during their trip in you destination.
Any ideas of creative ways to communicate them ?
Planet
Destination
Company
B. Companies Management
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Which companies ?
Accommodations providers
Outbound/inbound travel agencies
Activities providers
Cruising
Restaurants
Transports…
1. Opportunities and Benefits
+ Environmental+ Social
+ Comfort
EcolodgeCommunity-based
Luxury & Boutique hotel
Youth hostel Ecocamping
Hospitality
Industry
Rural tourismMountain hut
Treehouse
Palace
B&B Hotel Resort
Guesthouse
Homestay
Lodge
Sustainable tourism :
Which can be the benefits for
tourism companies ?
Choose one interview from the list
and write down the reasons why
they decided to act on a more
sustainable way.
→ Google Sheet
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Let’s have a look together, which main reasons did you find out ?
Video : Interview with Arbol de Fuego Eco-Hotel
1. Opportunities and Benefits
For which reasons ?
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
Reduce costs
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
Reduce costs
Offer a better experience to visitors
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
Reduce costs
Offer a better experience to visitors
Make the employees proud of their company
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
Reduce costs
Offer a better experience to visitors
Make the employees proud of their company
Differentiate the company and inspire trust
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
Reduce costs
Offer a better experience to visitors
Make the employees proud of their company
Differentiate the company and inspire trust
Make tourism sustainable in the destination
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation / No other choice
Reduce costs
Offer a better experience to visitors
Make the employees proud of their company
Differentiate the company and inspire trust
Make tourism sustainable in the destination
Be part of the change
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Super positive
Global impact of the tourism company
1. Opportunities and Benefits
Respect legislation
Reduce costs
Offer a better experience to visitors
Make the employees proud of their company
Differentiate the company and inspire trust
Make tourism sustainable in the destination
Be part of the change
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Super positive
Global impact of the tourism company
depending of the goals sought
1. Opportunities and Benefits
If for the many reasons we just saw a company decided
to become more « sustainable »
which are the criteria it can follow ?
2. Certifications
B. For Local Communities
C. For Cultural Heritage D. For the Environment
A.
Effective
Sustainable
Management
+ Benefits
- Negative Impacts
The GSTC developed a
set of international
criteria for hotels, tour
operators and
destinations.
90
A. Effective Sustainable
Management
1• Sustainability Management System
2• Legal compliance
3• Reporting and communication
4• Staff engagement
5• Customer experience
6• Accurate promotion
7• Buildings & infrastructures
8• Land water & property rights
9• Information and interpretation
10• Destination engagement
2. Certifications
91
B. Local Communities
1• Community support
2• Local employment
3• Local purchasing
4• Local entrepreneurs
5• Exploitation and harassment
6• Equal opportunity
7• Decent work
8• Community service
9• Local livelihoods
2. Certifications
92
C. Cultural Heritage
1• Cultural interactions
2• Protecting cultural heritage
3• Presenting culture and heritage
4• Artefacts
2. Certifications
93
D. Environment
1
• Conserving Resources:
• Environmentally preferable purchasing
• Efficient purchasing (minimize waste)
• Energy conservation
• Water conservation
2
• Reducing Pollution:
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Transport
• Wastewater
• Solid waste
• Harmful substances
• Minimize pollution
3
• Conserving Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Landscapes:
• Biodiversity conservation
• Invasive species
• Visits to natural sites
• Wildlife interactions
• Animal welfare
• Wildlife harvesting and trade
2. Certifications
Which kind of good practices can hotels implement to complete
these criteria and become more sustainable ?
Write down a few examples of the good practices implemented
by your hotel and to which criteria of the GSTC they correspond.
→ Google Sheet
2. Certifications
2. Certifications : Pros
• List of criteria, indicators, to use as a ‘roadmap’ and that reminds and ‘obliges’ the company to actually meet challenges to which they have previously committed : from words into actions.
Framework
• Solutions to cope with the criteria which are not fulfilled. For example by helping in developing a set of minimum conditions for suppliers to meet in order to improve the value chain of the service.
Tools
• Third-party verification is important to the transparency of a company’s operations and the credibility in the eyes of prospective guests, to inspire trust. Certifications can be opportunities to differentiate and communicate (more trust, more quality). Somecertifications are well known by tour-operators.
Marketing
2. Certifications : Cons
• Sometimes too blurry and general, not enough specific for the singular particularities, difficult to address. Can be too bureaucratic, too much paperwork and complicated to fulfill, can get very labor intensive.
Framework
• Not all the certifications provide concrete tools.Tools
• The cost of the certification can be very high, specially for small companies. The communication around it must be activated by yourself, travelers don’t know the certifications, there are too many of them and none is really well-knows for the final consumers.
Marketing
2. Certifications
Most popular and globalIndustry
Destinations
“A Guide Through the Label Jungle 2016”
List of certifications accredited / recognized by the GSTC.
2. Certifications
By type of business :
By type of destination :
2. Certifications
Some countries have their own national certification programs.
2. Certifications
2. Awards
30-60 min to fill in the questions
Diff. badge levels : Bronze / Silver / Gold / Platinum
Program integrity :
Transparency : answers will show up publicly
Travelers feedback
Audits
2. Awards
Different « sustainable/responsible » tourism awards exist.
2. Certifications & Awards
Congratulations, you were just hired
as the new General Manager
of your Hotel !
Your first mission is to choose a
certification and an award to apply
to. Which ones will you choose ?
2. Certifications & Awards
Choose one certification and/or award to fill in the Google Sheet.
Use these new comparison charts to make
the smartest choice for your boat hotel !
D. Case Studies
1. Instructions
Your company was recently awarded and you’re presenting its case during a
conference about sustainable tourism at IBTM Barcelona :
Your company : What are its story, vision and good practices ?
Issues : Which are the main tourism challenges faced by its destination ?
Perspective : And what next in the future ?
1. Instructions
Make teams of 2 students.
Choose a tourism companies which was awarded in the past.
Look for information online and contact at least one pertinent contact in the
destination to ask him/her about the main tourism issues faced in the
country/region/city.
End up with creative ideas of new and pertinent good practices that the
company could implement (present them as if there were indeed the
company plans for the future).
Present your case study to the class (15 min) on Monday 11th Dec.
The best presentations might be showcased on an article published on one
of those medias : Voyageons-Autrement / TV5MONDE / Sustainability-
Leaders / Travindy / Hopineo
2. Webography – websites
In English :
Travindy : media
Sustainabilty Leaders : media
UNWTO : United Nations World Tourism Organization
See the list of international organizations on Hopineo.
In French :
Voyageons-Autrement : portail d’information
ATD – Acteurs du Tourisme Durable : association française professionnelle
ID Tourisme : blog du consultant Guillaume Cromer
Hopineo : plateforme collaborative
English & French : The Conversation
2. Webography – social media
Look for specific hashtags on Twitter like :
#SustainableTourism
#IY2017 & #TravelEnjoyRespect (using Hootsuite, tweetdeck)
Ask questions on specific Facebook groups like :
Irreponsible Tourism
Global Ecotourism Network
Connect with pertinent tourism professionals on LinkedIn to ask
them questions.
3. Criteria of assessment
Topic well addressed and illustrated (with examples, pictures, patterns).
Transparency & pertinence of data sources and investigation method.
Quality of the oral presentation.
Appealing Power Point, well structured.
« GLOBAL ISSUES & SOLUTIONS
FOR A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM »
By Florie Thielin, Master's level course – 2017
CONTINUE : PART 2
FREE TO SHARE
This presentation was produced with the intention
of being openly utilized by the public and other
professors in order to help the progress of the
tourism sector towards more sustainability.
It may be broadcast and used freely. If you find it
particularly useful, feel free to send out a quick
message to the author, Florie Thielin, you will make
her day !
Email : [email protected]
