Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B...

56
Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea “Sweden at the innovation frontier – Assessing Performance and Challenges in a Disruptive World” Enrico Deiaco Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis

Transcript of Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B...

Page 1: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013

Seoul, Korea

“Sweden at the innovation frontier – Assessing Performance and Challenges in a Disruptive World”

Enrico Deiaco

Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis

Page 2: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global
Page 3: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

45 000

50 000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Countries that have surpassed Sweden in terms of prosperity: 1970s: Canada, Iceland, Norway 1980s: Austria, Denmark 1990s: Australia, Ireland

Countries that Sweden has surpassed in terms of prosperity: 2000s: Germany, Denmark, Ireland, Canada, Iceland

United States

Sweden

EU-15

Long-Term Trends in Prosperity

Ketels, 2011

Page 4: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

4

Down and up!

Page 5: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

TFP-rates 1993-2012

Soruce: Conference Board Total Economy Database, own calculations

Per cent units, averages

Page 6: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Major institutional changes since the economic crise of 1991-1993

– Foreign ownership of Swedish stocks – Tax reform ”tax should be neutral to investments/arbitrage”

• Lower marginal tax rates and lower company tax rate

– Pension reform, pension coupled to growth and lifetime income – Joining the European Union (1995) – Independent central bank(1997) – Budget ceilings and public savings target – Der/reregulation of domestic markets: air carriers, electricity, and

telecommunications, – Publicly financed services opened for private initatives (2008 2009): – Primary health care, schools, pharmacies, elderly care – Autnomous universities (2010)

Page 7: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Human resources New doctorate graduates per 1000 population aged 25-34 1 Percentage population aged 30-34 having completed tertiary education 5 Percentage youth aged 20-24 having attained at least upper secondary level education 9

Open, excellent and attractive research system International scientific co-publications per million population 4 Scientific publications among top 10% most cited publications worldwide 6 Non-EU doctorate students as % of all doctorate students 8

Finance and support Public R&D expenditures (% of GDP) 3

VC (% of GDP) 2

Firm investments Business R&D expenditures (% of GDP) 1 Non-R&D innovation expenditures (% of turnover) 18

Linkages & entrepreneurship SMEs innovating in-house (% of SMEs) 8 Innovative SMEs collaborating with others (% of SMEs) 6 Public-private co-publications per million population 4

Intellectual assets PCT patents pplications per billion GDP 1 PCT patent applications in societal challenges per billion GDP 1 Community trademarks per billion GDP 9

Community designs per billion GDP 7

Innovators

SMEs introducing product or process innovations (% of SMEs) 9

SMEs introducing product or process innovations (% of SMEs) 16

Economic effects

Employment in knowledge -intensive activities (% of workforce) 5

Medium-tech and high-tech exports (% of total exports) 12 Knowledge-intensive services exports (% of total service exports) 12 New-to-market and new-to-firm sales (% of turnover) 30 Licence and patent revenues from abroad (% of GDP) 4

Innovation Performance Sweden’s Rank among European countries

Enablers Firm Activities Outputs

Note: Coloring indicates relative strengths and weaknesses Source: Innovation Union Scoreboard (2012), Ketels 2011

Page 8: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Macro

Political Institutions

Rule of Law

Human Development

Context for Strategy and Rivalry

Related and Supporting Industries

Demand Conditions

Factor Input Conditions

Micro

Capital

Comm. Skills Innov.

Admin.

Social Infra- structure and Pol.

Institutions

Macroeconomic Policy

Business Environment

Quality

Company Sophistication

Source: Unpublished data from the Global Competitiveness Report (2011), Ketels, 2011.

“Competitiveness” Profile of Sweden 2011

Logistic.

<5

5-8

9-11

12-15

>15

Significant advantage

Moderate advantage

Neutral

Moderate disadvantage

Significant disadvantage

Global Rank

Page 9: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Ideas IP Incubator Exit Growth and employment

The dominant model of policy intervention in Europe

Policy logic: 1. 70s and 80s: ”Financial gap” (Incubators, Venture capital and IP-rights) 2. 80s and 90s: ”Knowledge gap”(Awareness, entreprenuership training)

Page 10: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

…and researches (in Sweden)have become more interested to commercialize?

Källa: McKelvey, Magnusson m.fl, 2009

Page 11: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

We (in Europe) are not so bad compared to the US…and depends how we count,

Patents owned by universities and academic patents assigned to companies

Source: Lissoni et.al. 2009

Page 12: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Swedish data:

• 20% of Swedish NTBFs are spin-outs from universities. That is 3% of all new companies (high figure in OECD)

• Most Swedish spin-outs have more than 25 employees after 15 years of operation,

• They grow slowly the first ten years but double growth the following 5 years

•500 Start-ups per year • 400-500 patent applications per year • 250 granted patents per year • 80-90 licences per year • 60-70 sold patents per year

University commercialization in Sweden, 2006

Page 13: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Intrapreneurs

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16 18

Active and leading as intrapreneur in past three years, % of adult population 2011

Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

Page 14: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Understand your Industrial Footprint

Source: Giertz,2009

Page 15: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Modes for industry collaboration can be described along two main dimensions

What activities are relevant for collaboration?

To what extent are you willing to engage in long-term commitments? Project based

Mode of collaboration Long-term

Educ

atio

n on

ly

Sco

pe

of c

olla

bor

atio

n

Educ

atio

n an

d re

sear

ch

A. Recruiters of engineers

C. Education builders

B. Technology champions

D. Strategic partners

Companies requiring skilled engineers in their core operations but without need for cutting edge research

Industry players with broader interest in improving quality of Swedish engineers

Industries where innovation of cutting edge is core to the business model

Larger corporates with broad R&D portfolios, with critical size to engage in long-term collaboration

Page 16: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Creative destruction in Sweden

Giertz, 2010

Entry and exit 1994-2008: 300 000 jobs lost and 550 000 created, mainly in services Increase in small and medium sized companies and small and medium sized working places in large companies

Page 17: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Capability and opportunity

Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011

Page 18: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Market innovative enterprises

Source: Eurostat CIS database

Share in % of population enterprises 2010, total and for size-groups (emp)

0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Denmark Germany Finland Netherlands United Kingdom

Sweden

Total 10-49 50-249 250-

Page 19: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global
Page 20: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Summarizing

• Reform bites – and institutional quality determine performance at the innovation frontier

• Beware of best practice (sometimes)

• Fostering creativity through networks – allow experimentation!

Page 21: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

[email protected]

Thank you!

Growth Analysis

Page 22: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Summary Index of Innovation

Source: EU Innovation Union 2013 Dashboard

Page 23: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Som basic facts about Sweden • Size: 450,295 km2

• Population: 9,5 • GDP/capita: 36 502 • Public Debt: 41,9 • Inflation: nov 2011: 2,8% • Unemployment: 6,7% • Proportion higher educated: 33% • Sweden is a constitutional monarchy

Page 24: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Trademarks with a Swedish history

*

* *

*

*On Thomson Reuters list on 100 leading innovator companies 2011

* *

Older ones….

Newer ones….

Page 25: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

GDP/hour $ PPP 2005

Source: Conference Board, Total Economy Database

Page 26: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

United States Japan

Germany

UK

France

Canada

South Korea Switzerland

Italy

Sweden Netherlands

Australia

Israel

Belgium

Austria

Finland

Denmark

Spain

Norway

Hungary

New Zealand Ireland

Mexico 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

-5% -3% -1% 1% 3% 5% 7% 9%

Average U.S. utility patents per 1 million population, 2007-2009

Innovative Output Selected OECD Countries, 1999 to 2009

CAGR of US-registered patents, 1999 to 2009

Page 27: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

But less succesful in spinning out new companies – ”effectiveness not demonstrated, signals confusing”

European data

• ”In the UK there are over 2900 of these companies that have been in business”.

• ”After seven years of operational years these new firms comprise, on average, 18,5 employees, revenues of 250 000 pounds and a 36% likelihood of surviving beyond ten years”

• Despite spending of over 2,5 million pounds, they are responsible for only 40 000 jobs. They don´t become the new Microsoft. They just stay micro”.

Swedish data:

• 20% of Swedish NTBFs are spin-outs from universities. That is 3% of all new companies (high figure in OECD)

• Most Swedish spin-outs have more than 25 employees after 15 years of operation,

• They grow slowly the first ten years but double growth the following 5 yeras

ÅÅÅÅ-MM-DD

Source: Clarysse 2009, Lindholm Dahlstrand 2009

Page 28: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Employment by Cluster Sweden, 2000-2008

Employment by Cluster Sweden, 2000-2008

Swed

en’s

EU

em

ploy

men

t sha

re, 2

008

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Total employees, 2008: Change in LQ (fixed country sample), 2000 - 2008

Paper products

Information Technology Automotive

Heavy Machinery Analytical Instruments

Telecom products

Business Services

Metal Manufacturing

Medical Devices

Lightning and Electrical Products

Production Technology

Transportation and Logistics Construction Entertainment Products

Farming and animal husbandry

Oil and Gas

Absolute Job Gains Absolute Job Losses

Processed Food Pharmaceuticals

Aerospace

Source: European Cluster Observatory (2012), Ketels analysis.

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Page 29: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Creative destruction

Var i systemet skall man satsa för att FoU skall få genomslag?

Vencap E

Leverantör B

Universitet D

Företag A

Startup C Myndighet F

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Sweden Export Market share: Electronics industry Global value change and innovation networks

Page 30: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Employment by Cluster Sweden, 2000-2008

Employment by Cluster Sweden, 2000-2008

Swed

en’s

EU

em

ploy

men

t sha

re, 2

008

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Total employees, 2008: Change in LQ (fixed country sample), 2000 - 2008

Paper products

Information Technology Automotive

Heavy Machinery Analytical Instruments

Telecom products

Business Services

Metal Manufacturing

Medical Devices

Lightning and Electrical Products

Production Technology

Transportation and Logistics Construction Entertainment Products

Farming and animal husbandry

Oil and Gas

Absolute Job Gains Absolute Job Losses

Processed Food Pharmaceuticals

Aerospace

Source: European Cluster Observatory (2012), Ketels analysis.

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Page 31: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global
Page 32: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Putting innovation on the agenda

Strategy/report Responsible Description/ objective

National innovation strategy (2012)

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communication

Aim to contribute to a climate with the best possible conditions for innovation in Sweden with year 2020 in sight.

OECD review of innovation policy – Sweden (2012)

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communication

Analyses the key elements, relationships and dynamics that drive the Swedish innovation system and the opportunities to enhance it through government policy

Research and innovation, Government bill (2012)

Ministry of Education and Research

Aim to promote; continued freedom for universities, increase research quality, initiatives for society and business, and increased utilisation of research.

ICT for everyone – A digital agenda for Sweden

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communication

Sweden is a prominent ICT nation but as ICT spans many policy areas this agenda aim to highlight ICT as enabler in to attain policy goals (e.g. regional growth, green growth).

Swedish strategy for increased service innovation (2010)

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communication

The strategy provides a better understanding of service innovation – what it is, what role it plays in the economy. It also highlights the need to adapt public support structures.

Page 33: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

VINNOVA budget on strategic areas (million SEK)

Page 34: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Overview of policy instruments Name of policy instrument

Instrument character Supply/ Demand oriented

Targeted/non-targeted

Strategic innovation areas

Large programmes with multiple actors in a few selected areas of great importance to Sweden

Supply Non-targeted

Challenge- driven innovation

Target four societal challenge; Information society 3.0, Sustainable Attractive Cities, Future Healthcare and Competitive Production

Demand Non-targeted

Manufacturing in continuous change

Sector target focusing on new materials, green industry, ICT enabled processes and continuous change

Supply Targeted

Innovations in the service society

Call focusing on value creation in collaboration between producer and customer

Supply Non-targeted

Innovative procurement

Aim to promote and develop the use of innovative procurement in the public sector

Demand Targeted

Page 35: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

The blurring frontier – the case of Sweden

• New evidence suggests that countries with a diversified private sector covering both service and manufacturing sectors where more resilient during the global financial crisis – (Camanho da Costa Neto, Romeu, 2011)

Strong manufacturing

sector Strong service

sector

About 60 % of GDP

About 30 % of total export

KIS is the fastest

growing in the economy

service proportion of profits in manufacturing firms is

increasing

Expansion of service-based activities throughout the

entire lifecycle of physical products

“Servitise” to anchor a strong manufacturing base

Page 36: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Transformation from traditional industry towards the integration of products and services

Maintenance and financial services (e.g. service contracts, rental, insurance)

Relationship Transactional

Customer process oriented

Product oriented

Product related products and services (e.g. spare parts, remanufacturing)

Professional solutions and services (e.g. training, safety and security, )

Operational services (e.g. managing operations, aero services, outsourcing services)

Page 37: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

The ”servitisation” barriers

• Barriers: – Gaps between the perceived

possibilities and what the companies manage to deliver in terms of new services

– New industrial services seldom deliver profitable growth

– Existing business models fail to ease the transition from a goods to services

– Existing organizational practices lack market orientation

– Service innovation is not part of the corporate strategy

– Lack of service innovation skills

Source : Interview based survey of 60 member companies to the Swedish employers' organisation for engineering companies in collaboration with the Foundation Marketing Technology Centre (MTC)

Growing profit through service

business

Steep learning curve

Page 38: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Sweden’s trade development

Export goods

Export services

Source: Growth Analysis wp pm 2010:15

Billions SEK 2000 prices

Page 39: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Renewal: High growth enterprises

0 5 10 15

Norway

Italy

Finland

New Zeeland

Netherlands

Spain

Denmark

Sweden

USA

Revenue

Employment

Soruce: OECD and Eurostat, data of 2007

Per cent

Page 40: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Investment in intangibles - important productivity driver

0

50

100

150

200

250

Intangibles Tangibles

Manufacturing Services

Source: Growth Analysis

Sweden 2006 billion SEK

Page 41: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

IUS Summary Innovation Index

Page 42: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

… decreasing PISA results

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40Scale point change

Science (2006 and 2009) Mathematics (2003 and 2009) Reading (2000 and 2009)

Source: OECD (2010), PISA 2009 at a Glance, OECD, Paris.

Change in PISA performance, 2009

Page 43: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Proportion of citations among the 10% most cited publications

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1986

19

87

1988

19

89

1990

19

91

1992

19

93

1994

19

95

1996

19

97

1998

19

99

2000

20

01

2002

20

03

2004

20

05

2006

Switzerland

Netherlands

Denmark

Sweden

Page 44: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

44

Figur 3.2 Utgifter för FoU som andel av BNP år 2007, fördelat på finansiering från stat och näringsliv (i procent)

R&D intensity is high but…

Page 45: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Swedish business sector R&D

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

2009 prices Source: Statistics Sweden

Page 46: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Technological specialisation is shifting

Revealed technological advantage, 1997-99 and 2007-09 Index based on patent applications filed under the PCT

Source: OECD STI Scoreboard 2011 based on OECD, Patent Database, May 2011.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5Index ICT

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Index Biotechnologies

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0Index Nanotechnologies

Page 47: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Swedish Challenges

Page 48: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Investment in intangibles - important productivity driver

0

50

100

150

200

250

Intangibles Tangibles

Manufacturing Services

Source: Growth Analysis

Sweden 2006 billion SEK

Page 49: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Innovative SME

Source: Eurostat CIS database Note: Eurostat definition of innovative SME

Share of population SME

Page 50: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global
Page 51: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global
Page 52: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

New entrpreneurship formation

Total Entrepreneurship Activity 2011 as % of population

Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

Page 53: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Advice for universities • ”Adopt a strategic approach (make choices on

institutional goals, allocation, technology-emphasis, patent strategies and modes of transfer)”

• ”Adopt a mixture of licensing, start-ups, sponsored research and other tech. transf. modes (NB: choices require different resources and capabilities)

• ”Different types types of spin-off in different disciplines may have different business models”

• Focus on developing critical mass of world class research in more focused areas to attract industrial partners

KäKälla: Clarysse, 2008, Siegel, 2008, Wright 2009, Litan m.fl., 2006, Salter 2009

Page 54: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Specialization in manufacturing

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Denmark

Sweden

Austria

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

Switzerland

United Kingdom

1995

2009

Källa: OECD

Number of sectors with Revealed Comparative Advantage

Page 55: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global

Advice for government

- ”Think of beyond licensing and incubators” – The importance

of faculty - ”Integrate third-stream activities into decision-making

structure of the universities” - ”Think Strategic and long term: ”scrap short-term schemes…” - ”Adopt a systemic innovation policy approach where spin-

off creation is viewed as a process from the lab to the market…with public intervention covering each stage in order to address systemic failures”

Källa: Clarysse, 2008, Siegel, 2008, Wright 2009, Litan m.fl., 2006, Salter 2009

Page 56: Global Industry and Economy Forum, 2013 Seoul, Korea · 2013. 7. 2. · Vencap E Leverantör B Universitet D Företag A Startup C Myndighet F. 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50. Global