Global I

Midterm Review Midterm Review

ETHNOCENTRISM

The belief that one culture is better than The belief that one culture is better than anotheranother

Chinese “Middle Kingdom”Chinese “Middle Kingdom” Greeks viewed non-Greeks as barbariansGreeks viewed non-Greeks as barbarians

PREHISTORY

The period before writingThe period before writing

ARTIFACT:ARTIFACT:

Objects made by peopleObjects made by people

ARCHEOLOGY

Study of the ways of life of early peoples by Study of the ways of life of early peoples by examining their physical remainsexamining their physical remains

GEOGRAPHY

The study of people, their environments, The study of people, their environments, and the resources available to themand the resources available to them

TECHNOLOGY

The skills and tools people use to meet their The skills and tools people use to meet their basic needsbasic needs

NOMAD

Paleolithic man and women who moved Paleolithic man and women who moved from place to place in search of foodfrom place to place in search of food

What are the 8 features of civilization?

System of writingSystem of writing Different jobsDifferent jobs Central governmentCentral government Organized religionOrganized religion Social classesSocial classes Art & architectureArt & architecture CitiesCities Roads, buildingsRoads, buildings

What is cultural diffusion?

The spread of ideas, The spread of ideas, customs & customs & technologies from one technologies from one people to anotherpeople to another

Example- the use of Example- the use of Greek columns and Greek columns and arches in Roman arches in Roman architecturearchitecture

The Paleolithic Age

NomadsNomads Traveled in small Traveled in small

clansclans Small populationSmall population Depended on their Depended on their

environment for environment for survivalsurvival

The Neolithic Age

FarmingFarming Establishment of Establishment of

villagesvillages Domesticated animalsDomesticated animals New technology New technology

(calendars)(calendars) Council of eldersCouncil of elders

The Agricultural Revolution

The introduction of The introduction of farmingfarming

The end of nomadic The end of nomadic lifelife

Rise of permanent Rise of permanent settlements (villages) settlements (villages) and governmentsand governments

Increase in populationIncrease in population

The First Civilizations

Developed along river Developed along river valleysvalleys

River valleys provided River valleys provided fertile landfertile land and and irrigationirrigation for farming for farming and and transportationtransportation of of people & goodspeople & goods

Egypt, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, ChinaIndia, China

SILT PAPYRUS

Fertile soil along river Fertile soil along river banksbanks

Plant used to make a Plant used to make a paper-like writing paper-like writing materialmaterial

PHARAOH HIEROGLYPHICS

Egyptian rulersEgyptian rulers Egyptian form of Egyptian form of picture writingpicture writing

The Nile River

Provided a trade routeProvided a trade route Linked upper & lower Linked upper & lower

EgyptEgypt Many villages & cities Many villages & cities

developed along the developed along the banks of the Nilebanks of the Nile

Provided fertile land Provided fertile land for farmingfor farming

Achievements of the Egyptians

Pyramid buildingPyramid building MummificationMummification

Egyptian Afterlife

Pharaohs were buried Pharaohs were buried in pyramids with their in pyramids with their belongings, so they belongings, so they would be prepared for would be prepared for the afterlifethe afterlife

CUNEIFORM

Wedge-shaped writing Wedge-shaped writing of the Sumerians of the Sumerians

Geography of Mesopotamia

The “Fertile Crescent”The “Fertile Crescent” Located between the Located between the

Tigris and Euphrates Tigris and Euphrates RiversRivers

Fertile land for farmingFertile land for farming Lacks geographic Lacks geographic

barriers barriers Easily invadedEasily invaded

Achievements of Mesopotamian Civilizations

Sumerians: cuneiform, Sumerians: cuneiform, Epic of GilgameshEpic of Gilgamesh

Hittites: iron-makingHittites: iron-making Babylonians: Babylonians:

Hammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code

The Code of Hammurabi

First written code of First written code of lawslaws

““An eye for an eye…”An eye for an eye…” Punishments based on Punishments based on

a person’s social classa person’s social class

Major Beliefs of Judaism

Belief in one God Belief in one God (Monotheism)(Monotheism)

10 Commandments10 Commandments Covenant with GodCovenant with God

LOESS DYNASTIC CYCLE

Yellow soil deposited Yellow soil deposited on the banks of the on the banks of the Huang He River Huang He River

The rise and fall of The rise and fall of Chinese dynasties Chinese dynasties (ruling families)(ruling families)

CALLIGRAPHY MANDATE OF HEAVEN

Fine handwritingFine handwriting Divine right to ruleDivine right to rule

YIN & YANG

Forces that keep Forces that keep nature in balancenature in balance

Light/darkLight/dark Male/femaleMale/female Good/evilGood/evil

CONFUCIUS

Chinese philosopherChinese philosopher Taught that harmony Taught that harmony

in society is achieved in society is achieved when people accept when people accept their place in societytheir place in society

Relationships consist Relationships consist of a “superior” and an of a “superior” and an “inferior”“inferior”

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Built under Shi Built under Shi Huangdi (Qin Huangdi (Qin Dynasty)Dynasty)

Separated Chinese Separated Chinese civilization from civilization from barbarian worldbarbarian world

SILK ROAD

Trade route Trade route Connected China to Connected China to

Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent Long, hard journeyLong, hard journey

Geography of China

Diverse geographyDiverse geography Rivers: Huang He, Rivers: Huang He,

YangtzeYangtze Mountains & Gobi Desert Mountains & Gobi Desert Isolated China from Isolated China from

outside worldoutside world Barriers from invadersBarriers from invaders Developed unique cultureDeveloped unique culture

Role of Women in China

““Inferior” positionInferior” position Must obey the Must obey the

“superior” such as “superior” such as husband, fatherhusband, father

Should stay in the Should stay in the backgroundbackground

Care for home and Care for home and familyfamily

Chinese Achievements

Silk-makingSilk-making Civil-service examsCivil-service exams Written languageWritten language

Chinese Philosophies

ConfucianismConfucianism DaoismDaoism LegalismLegalism

People are good, People are good, society based on society based on relationshipsrelationships

Oneness with Oneness with naturenature

People are evil, People are evil, harsh laws harsh laws neededneeded

CASTE SYSTEM

Social classes people are born intoSocial classes people are born into There is NO SOCIAL MOBILITYThere is NO SOCIAL MOBILITY Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras,

PariahPariah

DHARMA KARMA

The religious & moral The religious & moral duties of a person duties of a person depending on a depending on a person’s classperson’s class

If you have good If you have good dharma, you will…dharma, you will…

All the actions of a All the actions of a person's life that person's life that affects his/her fate in affects his/her fate in the next lifethe next life

……have good karma!have good karma!

ATMAN AHISMA

The essential selfThe essential self Belief in non-violenceBelief in non-violence

REINCARNATION NIRVANA

Process of rebirth Process of rebirth Buddhist beliefBuddhist belief Eternal happinessEternal happiness When the endless When the endless

cycle of re-birth endscycle of re-birth ends Can be achieved by Can be achieved by

anyoneanyone

Geography of India

Diverse geography Diverse geography Mountains: Hindu Mountains: Hindu

Kush, HimalayaKush, Himalaya Rivers: Ganges, IndusRivers: Ganges, Indus Difficult to unifyDifficult to unify Protection from Protection from

invadersinvaders

Hinduism Buddhism

DharmaDharma KarmaKarma AtmanAtman ReincarnationReincarnation

Founder: Siddhartha Founder: Siddhartha Guatama Guatama

Four Noble TruthsFour Noble Truths Eightfold PathEightfold Path

Evolution of Greek Government

MonarchyMonarchy: one ruler with complete : one ruler with complete authorityauthority

AristocracyAristocracy: Power in the hands of a few : Power in the hands of a few from the wealthy classfrom the wealthy class

OligarchyOligarchy: Power in the hands of a few : Power in the hands of a few from the business classfrom the business class

Democracy in Greece

Limited Democracy:Limited Democracy:

Participation in Participation in government is limited government is limited to certain groups, such to certain groups, such as male citizens over as male citizens over 30 or 30 or

Direct Democracy: Direct Democracy:

People participate People participate directly in the directly in the government, NOT government, NOT through elected through elected officials officials

Geography of Greece

Difficult to unifyDifficult to unify Made up of many Made up of many

islands, rugged islands, rugged mountains and valleysmountains and valleys

Good tradersGood traders

ATHENS & SPARTA

ATHENSATHENS SPARTASPARTA

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENTDemocracyDemocracy Military OligarchyMilitary Oligarchy

TRADETRADE YesYes NoNo

EDUCATIONEDUCATION Mind, body & soulMind, body & soul Military & Military & athleticsathletics

BOYSBOYS Educated, right to Educated, right to votevote

Military training Military training from age 7from age 7

GIRLSGIRLS Limited rightsLimited rights Athletics, own Athletics, own propertyproperty

Greek Achievements

DemocracyDemocracy Art & Architecture Art & Architecture

(realistic sculptures, (realistic sculptures, columns)columns)

Drama (comedy & Drama (comedy & tragedy)tragedy)

Literature (Homer’s Literature (Homer’s epics)epics)

Greek Philosophers

SOCRATESSOCRATES PLATOPLATO ARISTOTLEARISTOTLE

Socratic method Socratic method of questioningof questioning

Human reason Human reason Set up the Set up the LyceumLyceum

PAX ROMANA REPUBLIC

200 years of Roman 200 years of Roman peacepeace

Begins with AugustusBegins with Augustus Ends with Marcus Ends with Marcus

AureliusAurelius

A form of government A form of government in which the people in which the people participate in participate in government through government through elected officials elected officials

PLEBEIAN PATRICIAN

Middle classMiddle class Merchants, farmers, Merchants, farmers,

artisansartisans Represented in Represented in

government by government by TRIBUNESTRIBUNES

Upper classUpper class

Geography of Rome

Easy to unifyEasy to unify Peninsula located on Peninsula located on

the Mediterranean Seathe Mediterranean Sea Good location for Good location for

trade and to conquer trade and to conquer much of the much of the Mediterranean world Mediterranean world (North Africa, Asia (North Africa, Asia Minor, Spain)Minor, Spain)

Reasons for the Fall of Rome

PoliticalPolitical SocialSocial EconomicEconomic Military Military

Corrupt Corrupt officialsofficials

People rely People rely too heavily too heavily on the on the government government (Bread & (Bread & Circuses)Circuses)

High taxesHigh taxes Too Too dependent dependent on on mercenaries mercenaries who have who have little loyaltylittle loyalty

Roman Achievements

Legal System (Rule of Legal System (Rule of Law and Justice)Law and Justice)

Adapt to Greek art & Adapt to Greek art & architecture to make it architecture to make it bigger and grander bigger and grander (Coliseum) (Coliseum)

Engineering (roads & Engineering (roads & aqueducts)aqueducts)

GOOD LUCK!!

Use this to review!Use this to review! Study your notes, too!Study your notes, too! Remember to bring 2 Remember to bring 2

pens & 2 pencils to pens & 2 pencils to your test!your test!

Check my door Check my door sometime this week sometime this week for your room and seat for your room and seat assignmentassignment