Global Climate Change

• Earlier springs in temperate zone– Asynchrony: Species may

not respond in same way– Ex, flycatchers migrate

Africa to Holland to nest– Lesson??

Global Climate Change• Earlier springs in

temperate zone– Food lack during

hatching

Pollination• Def’n: transfer pollen from stamen to stigma

Fertilization• Fertilization: union

sperm with egg to form zygote

Alabama Leather Flower• Endangered species (Federal

list)

Fruits: one flower can make up to 10 single-seeded fruits

Alabama Leather Flower• Endangered species

– 6 populations

Alabama Leather Flower• Two main pollinator insects

– Bumblebee in early flowering years– Solitary bee in late flowering years

Bumblebee Solitary bee

Alabama Leather Flower• Pollinator in early blooming year: Bumblebee

– On average: 1 visit to a flower makes 3 fruits– Slow: visits only 1/3 as many flowers as a solitary

bee in same time

Alabama Leather Flower• Pollinator in late blooming year: Solitary bee

– On average: 1 visit to a flower makes 3 fruits– Fast: can pollinate 3 times as many flowers as a

bumblebee!

Alabama Leather Flower• Question: what may happen to seed production if

early bloom years become more frequent?

• Pollination game!