Global AIS End of Global 9!. For your reference.
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Transcript of Global AIS End of Global 9!. For your reference.
Global AIS
End of Global 9!
The Age of Revolution
For your reference
Map and Timeline
The Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution: a change in the way people looked for answers to life’s questions.
A transition from blindly believing the Church to using logic to find answers
Remember: What was the Neolithic Revolution?
The change from hunting/gathering to herding/farming.
Scientific Revolution
Age of Reason: a time when math and science were used to make decisions (NOT faith)
Scientific Method: a process of experimentation and observation
Scientific Advancement Example:
Before the Age of Reason, people believed in the Geocentric Theory.
The Earth is the center of universe
Supported by the Church
During the Age of Reason, the Heliocentric Theory was discovered.
The sun is the center of the universe.
Went against the Church’s teachings
Age of Reason
Name What He Did Effect on Society
Descartes Used math and science reasoning instead of faith to find answers
-Introduced the Age of Reason-Used the scientific method
Copernicus Developed the theory that the sun was the center of the universe (heliocentric theory)
His ideas were rejected because he could not prove them.
Galileo Proved the heliocentric theory with a telescope
Proved that the Church was wrong about something
Newton Explained why the heliocentric theory worked (gravity and the laws of motion)
Set up the idea that there were “natural laws” in our world.
Great Scientists of the Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment: when society became “enlightened” to the way the world really works (natural laws of science, not divine belief). This movement specially applies to political ideas.
The Enlightenment
Name Ideas
John Locke -All people have certain rights-The government is supposed to protect everyone’s rights-If the government fails to protect people’s rights, the people can overthrow the government
Baron de Montesquieu
-Separate the powers of government
Jean Jacques Rousseau
-”Social Contract” – people should create their own government and laws, but agree to follow them too-Majority rules
Voltaire -Wrote plays, essays, poems criticized the monarchies, Church, and nobility--Inspired people to accept new enlightenment ideas
Enlightenment Writers and Thinkers
John Locke: “What Does the Fox Say” parody
Enlightened Despot: an absolute monarch that used his/her power for the good of the people
Catherine the Great (Russia)
-Expanded Russia’s borders
-Got Russia a warm water port
Enlightened Despots
Impact of the Enlightenment
-Common people became aware of their new rights
-People began to consider revolution as an option to change their government
-The Enlightenment inspired political revolutions.
How the Enlightenment Affected Society
Remember: You CANNOT have a
revolution without
PEASANTS!
This review topic counts for the US Regents as well!
American Revolution
When: Late 1770s
Where: British colonies in America
Goal: to break away from British control
American Revolution Basics
Americans were VERY influenced by European Enlightenment writers
-The Declaration of Independence
--LOCKE: all humans have natural rights and, more importantly, the people have a right to overthrow a bad government
-The US Constitution
--MONTESQUIEU: separation of powers
--ROUSSEAU: “Social contract” between the people and the government and “majority rule”
How the Enlightenment Influenced the American Revolution
It inspired people to have their own revolution
-Since the Americans won, people figured that they had a chance to change their governments as well
The US Constitution became a model for other nations to follow and use
-Remember: Which country established a constitutional monarchy after the Glorious Revolution?
England
Impact of the American Revolution on Other Cultures
French Revolution
When: 1780s and 1790s
Where: France
Goal: wanted a new government to protect them
French Revolution Basics
Unfair Social Class System
-Poorest people paid all the taxes
-Wealthiest people enjoyed all the privileges
Causes of the Revolution
French Social Structure (Pre-Revolution)
1st Estate: Clergy
2nd Estate: Nobles
3rd Estate: Middle Class (Bourgeoisie)
Common WorkersPeasants
.5%
1.5%
98%
Enjoyed all the privileges.
Paid all the taxes.
Economic Problems
-Poor government decisions and bad harvests cause poor people to starve
Enlightenment Ideas
-Let common people realize they had choices about their government
American Revolution
-Showed that it was possible to win a revolution and change the government
Causes of the Revolution Cont’d
Bastille
-French prison, stormed by French citizens
-That event began the French Revolution (July 14, 1789-Bastille Day)
Estates-General
-Legislative body of France (like Parliament or Congress)
Declaration of the Rights of Man
-Similar to the American Declaration of Independence
-Stopped the privileges of the 1st and 2nd estates
Important Concepts of the French Revolution
Radicals
-Wanted great amounts of change, often used violence
-Led by Robespierre
Reign of Terror
-Began with the execution of King Louis XVI
-Tens of thousands of nobles were killed by the guillotine
The Directory
-5 man committee of “moderates”
-Ran France after the Reign of Terror
-Was weak and inefficient
Video Summary
Important Concepts of the French Revolution Cont’d
Revolutions in Latin America
When: Early 1800s
Where: Spanish colonies in America
Goal: To break away from Spanish control
Remember: What were the explorers from Spain who conquered the tribes in Latin America called?
Conquistadors
Latin American Revolutions Basics
Spanish Control: the Spanish government controlled too much of Latin American life
Remember: What is encomienda?
Spanish government gave colonists the right to land and to use natives as slaves
Remember: What kind of people were at the top of the Latin America colonies’ social structure?
Peninsulares (whites born in Europe)
American and French Revolutions: showed that it was possible to defeat an European monarchy
Simoné Bolivar: great revolutionary leader against the Spanish in Latin America
Causes
Spain gave up its colonies in Latin America
Remember: How does that result parallel the American Revolution?
Britain gave up control of the American colonies
New nations were created
Results of the Revolutions in Latin America
Revolution Short Term Effect Long Term Effect
American -Broke away from Britain-Gained independence
-New nation was formed that still exists today
French -Overthrew the monarchy-Gained independence
-Unsuccessful-The monarchy regained power
Latin American -Broke away from Spain-Gained independence
-Sort of successful-Wealthy benefited but the poor people still suffered
Short and Long Term Results of the Revolutions