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Transcript of GLG Institute Professional Education On Anything. Anywhere.
GLG InstituteProfessional Education On Anything. Anywhere.
SM
Semiconductor Capital Equipment Trends
Israel Beinglass, PhD, former CTO, CMO, Applied Materials
GLG InstituteThursday, November 16, 2006Yale Club, New York
GLG InstituteProfessional Education On Anything. Anywhere.
SM
Israel Beinglass, PhD, was until recently a CTO, CMO at Applied Materials. Dr. Beinglass has 25 years of experience in semiconductor technology, semiconductor manufacturing, and semiconductor equipment manufacturing. He has extensive experience in CMOS device fabrications, materials, yield, EDA and device physics. He is an expert in thin films deposition, lithography, etch, RTP, Ion Implant, CMP, metrology, inspection and overall industry road map as well as emerging nano technologies. Dr. Beinglass also was chief marketing officer at several Applied Materials division. He also was involved in several M&A activities, including due diligence and negotiations. Dr. Beinglass holds 27 US patents.
GLG InstituteProfessional Education On Anything. Anywhere.
SM
Table of Contents
An Introduction to semiconductor manufacturing including Moore's law and scaling
Case study: A major semiconductor manufacturer announcing CapEx, how does it trickle down & where does the money go?
Industry relationships of Semiconductor capital equipment suppliers
The original Moore’s law
The original Moore’s law prediction from 1965Cramming more components on integrated circuit
“Cramming more components onto integrated circuits” Gordon E. Moore, April 19th 1965
• Moore believed that scientific advances affecting semiconductors could be crucial to economic growth, because an extensive range of applications would be found for more powerful devices in industry, government and national defense
• He thought that it would depend on a tradeoff between the pace of scientific advance and the costs of producing more powerful devices
• “Integrated circuits will lead to such wonders as home computers – or at least terminals connected to a central computer – automatic controls for automobiles, and personal portable communications equipment. The electronic wristwatch needs only a display to be feasible today.” (Moore, 1965, p. 114)
• “… the biggest potential lies in the production of large systems. In telephone communications, integrated circuits in digital filters will separate channels on multiplex equipment. Integrated circuits will also switch telephone circuits and perform data processing.” (Moore, 1965, p. 114)
Scaling Example AMD Moving from 130nm to 90nm
• Significant die size reduction
• Smaller die size increases yield
• Initial higher cost but eventually higher margin
130nm193mm2
130nm145mm2
90nm115mm2
90nm115mm2
Transistor scaling limitations
• The question of how to make transistors smaller without affecting their ability to function
• This theory guided the design of semiconductors for 30 years, until chip makers began using the 130nm production process and classic scaling practices ran into a brick wall, at that point, chip makers could no longer scale some transistor features and power consumption rose sharply
• “Transistor size is ultimately constrained by the limits of the physical world and a time will come when it is no longer possible, or economical, to fit more transistors on a chip. There will be a point where we're going to have to give up” - Hans Stork, senior vice president of silicon technology development and chief technology officer at Texas Instruments
Worldwide Semiconductor units and sales
Worldwide Semiconductor Sales by Device
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DISCRETE & OPTO. DSP
Worldwide IC Units Sales
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Semiconductor Capital Equipment analysis
• World wide trend of equipment sale• Industry trend and capital spending• Case study AMD new fab• Semiconductor capital equipment supplier
– Suppliers analysis and assessment
2006 Market trend
• Chip production increased 12% in ‘06, 5995 MSI of silicon
• Q1 ’06 -1%, +4% in Q2, second half of the year very strong
• 77.5B chips were shipped for the first 6 months of the year, NAND was 5% more
• Capacity grew much slower 7% for ’06• Capacity is ~90% and expects to grow to 95%
AMD Fab Announcement from 2003
AMD Breaks Ground on 300 Millimeter Manufacturing Facility in Dresden, Germany
Move to Expand Manufacturing Capacity Driven by Positive Customer Response and Increased Market Opportunities for AMD64 Processors
SUNNYVALE, CA AND DRESDEN, GERMANY -- November 20, 2003 --AMD (NYSE: AMD) announced today that it has broken ground on a 300 millimeter (mm) manufacturing facility (or “fab”). The facility, named AMD Fab 36, is part of AMD Dresden Fab 36 LLC & Co. KG and will be located in Dresden, Germany, adjacent to AMD Fab 30. AMD Fab 36 is expected to be in volume production in 2006. The new facility is expected to require approximately 1,000 employees, most of them highly skilled engineers and technicians. “Positive customer response and increasing momentum for our AMD64 processors make it clear that the time is right to expand our manufacturing capacity in order to effectively meet future demand,” said Hector Ruiz, president and CEO at AMD. “Our aggressive push into the enterprise computing market continues to gain traction, as evidenced by Sun’s recent adoption of the AMD Opteron™ processor and the growing success of server and workstation solutions from IBM, Fujitsu Siemens and others.”
“By building in Dresden, we are able to leverage the outstanding capabilities of our existing AMD Fab 30 and gain access to the most substantial government-backed financial incentives package available to us,” said Bob Rivet, chief financial officer at AMD. “We expect AMD Fab 36 will cost approximately US$2.4 billion over the next four years. We have arranged external financing and government support of approximately $1.5 billion during that period. We believe AMD Fab 36 offers the best solution for meeting future customer demand while advancing long-term shareholder value.”
Fab equipment Allocation
• Total cost $2600M– 25% building $650M, $1950 for Equipment
• How does the $1950 divided between the different equipment type– Litho: $410M– Track (Coater, Developer): $97M– Removal (Etch and CMP): $487M– Deposition: $390M– Thermal (Furnace, RTP): $78M– Implant:$78M– Process control (Inspection and metrology): $292M– Factory Automation: $78M
New AMD Fab Announcement
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:June 23, 2006
GOVERNOR PATAKI AND AMD'S CEO RUIZ ANNOUNCE PLANS FOR MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR 300 MM SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING PLANT
Plan Would Allow for the Largest Private Investment in NYS History Most Advanced Plant in the World, Creating Over 1,200 High-Tech Jobs, Thousands of Construction Jobs and More Than 3,000 Indirect Jobs
Governor George E. Pataki, Dr. Hector Ruiz, Chairman and CEO of Advanced Micro Devices (NYSE: AMD), Senate Majority Leader Joseph L. Bruno and Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver today announced plans for one of the largest private sector industrial investments in New York State history -- a multi-billion dollar deal that would enable AMD to build and operate the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing facility in the world at the Luther Forest Technology Park. This unprecedented economic development project is projected to create more than 1,200 new high-tech jobs, thousands of construction jobs, and more than 3,000 indirect jobs. Under the terms of the agreement, AMD would be able to construct a new, $600 million, 1.2 million square foot facility, equipped with approximately $2.6 billion in state-of-the-art tools designed to produce 300 mm wafers using 32nm process technology.
Applied Materials• Applied Materials, Inc. (*Nasdaq: AMAT) is the global leader in
nanomanufacturing technology solutions for the electronics industry with a broad portfolio of innovative equipment, service and software products. At Applied Materials, we apply nanomanufacturing technology to improve the way people live.Founded in 1967, Applied Materials creates and commercializes the nanomanufacturing technology that helps produce virtually every semiconductor chip and flat panel display in the world. The company recently entered the market for equipment to produce solar arrays and energy efficient glass. From the company web site www.appliedmaterials.com
• • By far the largest Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing company with
revenue of $7B FY ’05 and estimated $9B FY 06’• A “supermarket” of equipment almost all but Litho.• Recently entered the solar market equipment business• Very strong service business, trying to grow the business with IBM and GE
model in mind
Applied Materials – cont’d• Strong position: PVD, DCVD, Epi, CMP, RTP• Week position: Ion Implant, Etch, Inspection and Metrology, Cu ECP,
LPCVD• Since the company plays in most of the equipment they are competing with
almost all the other equipment vendors: Novellus, KLA, Lam, Varian Semi, TEL etc.
• Great in introduction new products and taking big market share• Very weak in
– Etch <20% SOM –against Lam, the biggest disappointment since the market is so large
– No progress in the inspection and metrology-against KLA ~20%. – Lost a lot of Market in the Ion Implant-against Varian Semi– Disaster in ECP, never got of the ground-against Novellus
• Practically the market leader in– PVD-against Novellos, Ebara– CMP-against Novellus, Ebara– RTP- against Mattson– DCVD- against Novellus, ASMI
Lam Research
• Founded in 1980, Lam Research Corporation is a major supplier of wafer fabrication equipment and services to the world's semiconductor industry. The Company's innovative etch technologies empower customers to build the world's highest-performing integrated circuits. Lam's etch systems shape the microscopic conductive and dielectric layers into circuits that define a chip's final use and function. From the company web site www.lamrc.com
• Lam Research is the premier company for etching Q3 revenue of $604M• Very solid business execution• Main competitors – Applied Materials, TEL• Lam is taking Market share both from Applied Materials and TEL• Company is trying to get into the cleaning business no product announced
yet. In the past other business besides Etch was very dismal and had to be shut down
• Major draw back-lack of diversity and relying on one product only
Novellus
• Novellus Systems designs, builds, and services manufacturing equipment that is used in the production of semiconductor devices, or chips. Our chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), electrochemical deposition (ECD), chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), and surface preparation systems are used worldwide for the volume production of advanced semiconductor devices at the lowest overall cost to our customers. Novellus was established in 1984. From the company web site, www.novellus.com
• Novellus is very successful company in the CVD and ECP. ’06 estimate revenue $1.45B. The increase of products offering was done through acquisitions– CMP- IPEC– PVD-Varian– ECP-JV with IBM– Cleaning-Gasonix
Novellus-cont’d
• Novellus is a long time competitor of Applied Materials especially in the CVD area
• Novellus strength is in the following market place– Certain DCVD deposition– Tungsten CVD (very high SOM)– Cu ECP (practically 100% SOM)
• Novellus weakness is the following market place– PVD– CMP
• Last two years hired many Applied Materials executives
Tokyo Electron (TEL)
• The Number 2 Semiconductor Capital Equipment in the world based in Japan
• In 1963, a group of young and innovative entrepreneurs established TEL, the first company to introduce American semiconductor production equipment and integrated circuit (IC) testers to Japan. Since then, the company has grown to encompass nearly 80 offices in 16 countries that engineer, manufacture, sell, and service wafer-processing or semiconductor production equipment (SPE), as well as flat panel display (FPD) equipment. As the world market share leader in several product lines, TEL plays a vital role in the evolving global semiconductor industry. From the company web site. www.tel.com
• 2005 revenue $6B• TEL is the Japan “Applied Materials” a diversified manufacturer
Tokyo Electron (TEL)-cont’d
• Strength– Thermal process furnaces practically 100% SOM _”commodity“– Track coater/developer-practically 100% SOM, raising the price all the time,
printing money machine!!!!– Special MCVD– ETCH- number 2 after Lam
• Number 1 in wafer probing
KLA-Tencor
• KLA-Tencor Corporation is the world's leading supplier of process control and yield management solutions for the semiconductor and related microelectronics industries. The company's comprehensive portfolio of products, software, analysis, services and expertise is designed to help IC manufacturers manage yield throughout the entire wafer fabrication process-from R&D to final yield analysis. Since yield improvements are key to increasing manufacturing productivity and profitability, the yield management market that KLA-Tencor leads has outperformed the semiconductor capital equipment market segment as a whole. From the company web site, www.kla-tencor.com
• FY’06 revenue $2.1B, Q1’07 revenue $630M.• The premier company for Inspection and metrology with little or no
competition in several markets it compete.• KLA-Tencor was formed in 1997 as a merger between KLA and Tencor
after Applied Materials entered to the inspection market with the acquisition of Opal and Orbot Instrument
• KLA-Tebcor is the Applied Materials of the inspection and metrology- a giant supermarket
KLA-Tencor cont’d
• Main competitors ; Applied Materials and Hitachi to lesser extent Rudolph, Nanometrix and PDF solutions
• Market KLA-Tencor strong – Inspection, dark field and bright field, the “bread and butter” products– Reticles inspection– Overlay inspection– Surface inspection
• Market KLA-Tencor weak– SEM review-Applied Materials – CD SEM recently exit the market-Applied Materials and Hitachi
• Big effort in Yield and related software but all are to leverage equipment sales
ASML
• ASML systems -- called steppers and Step & Scan tools (scanners) respectively -- use a photographic process to image nanometric circuit patterns onto a silicon wafer, much like a camera prints an image on film.
ASML researches, develops, designs, manufactures, markets and services lithography systems used by the semiconductor industry to fabricate state-of-the-art chips. Most of the major global semiconductor manufactures are ASML customers. For chipmakers, technological advancement in imaging means increased manufacturing productivity and improved profitability. From the company web site. www.asml.com
• The premier company for stepper over 53% SOM with Nikon of 30% (2005) and Canon as the competitors
• The latest immersion 193nm tool is $26M by far the most expensive tool in the fab
• Extremely complicated equipment with a lot of R&D expenses, long cycle between an order and shipment
ASML -cont’d
• The only industry in the Semi capital equipment that quote the actual number of tools that they are shipping.
• In Q3 ASML shipped 59 new and 12 refurbished systems for sales of $1.1B and generated revenue from field option and service sales of $130M. In Q2 2006, ASML shipped 58 new and 14 refurbished systems for sales of $1.08B million and generated revenue from field option and service sales of $129M million.
Summary
• The Semiconductor Industry is live and kicking!!– The number of units sold keeps on increasing…
• The Semiconductor Capital Equipment Industry is a cyclical industry and will continue to be like that– The industry plagued by over supply and under supply– Overall only few companies controlling most of the business– The rising cost of new Fabs limits the number of companies that
can afford having a Fab– Rising cost of Litho equipment could become a real crisis
• What’s next?
Integrated Circuits (ICs) • Single piece of semiconductor (silicon) with many interconnected transistors and other electronic devices.
• Multiple ICs combined with electronics are used to create electronic products.
• Semiconductors Capital Equipment companies, sell, and service the chemicals, tools, people and processes to make these ICs
Basic Industry Terminology
FABs• Place where microelectronics can be manufactured
• Requires precise control of lengthy and complex set of processes
• Uses dedicated and highly specialized tools
• Conducted by specially trained individuals
• Extremely clean environment where good yield can be maintained
Basic Industry Terms
Wafer Process
• Thermal Processing and Ion Implantation– Oxidation– Doping and Activation
• Film Deposition– Chemical Vapor Deposition– Physical Vapor Deposition– Electro-Chemical Plating
• Film Removal/Patterning– Photolithography– Etching– CMP
• Metrology and Inspection in the Fab
The original Moore’s law
The original Moore’s law prediction from 1965Cramming more components on integrated circuit
Topological SEM Views of Poly Patterning (top view)
P+ N+
P+N+
90501_21 / 90501_TPI (Strategic Selling Conf. II - Q3’99)_21
Poly Gates
Poly Gates
Poly Gates
IC’s basic
• Overall IC’s industry divided between – Logic – Memory
• Logic circuits are the basic building blocks used to realize consumer and industrial products that incorporate digital electronics – logic circuits respond to combinations of input signals – Logic networks which are interconnected so that the current set
of output signals is responsive only to the current set of input signals
• Microprocessor are the most complicated but also the most profitable logic circuit the industry is involved with
Overview of Different Memory types
• DRAM cell has one transistor and one capacitor. The charge on the capacitor need to be refreshed frequently. When the power removed from the device the information on the DRAM chip is lost
• SRAM Cell has 6 transistors. Very fast memory chip with relatively big and complicated cell. No need to refresh!! Used mainly as an on board of a P memory. The information in the SRAM memory chip is lost when the power is switched off. Stand alone memory market for SRAM is declining
• FLASH memory has the advantage that the information stored in the chip is not lost when the power is switched off. The charged is stored in a capacitor between two poly gates the floating gate and the control gate
Basic DRAM concept
• DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory• RAM memory: data storage (writing) and retrieving (reading) are
done rapidly and the cells can be accessed in random order• DRAM: the data storage is done by charging a capacitor• Dynamic: the charge on the capacitor leaks and needs to be
periodically restored or refreshed (volatile memory)• The data is not retained for a long time, even when power is on.
Data retention: a few msec to a few seconds• The DRAM is the most widely used form of semiconductor
memory (needed in all computing & communicating systems
DRAM Cell Basics
• A DRAM circuit is made out of the 3 following blocks:– Memory array (array of cells)– Circuits aligned to the memory pitch (pitched blocks)– Periphery circuits (periphery blocks)
Pitched blocks
Memory array (only 55 to 65% of the chip area)
Periphery blocks
• A modern DRAM cell or bit is formed with 1 Transistor (a switch) and 1 Capacitor (a storage element): 1T/1C cell
• The cell holds binary information in the form of a charge on the capacitor
• The cells are connected to 2 conductive lines:– The Digit line or Bit line or Column to bring/retrieve
information– The Word Line or Row to control the switch
DRAM Cell Basics
Vcc/2
Word Line
Bit
Lin
e
Vcc for logic « 1 »0 for logic « 0 »Q = +/- C Vcc/2
T
C
Vcc or 0
DRAM Market • DRAM is a homogeneous product, and a standard one• DRAM market is very volatile and highly cyclical• There are only a handful of major DRAM manufacturers in the
global market• The top 3 manufacturers controlled over 75% of the global
market• Major issues for DRAM manufactures are
– Cost of new Fabs• Cost of Fab has no salvage value• Fab’s cost just going higher and higher• R&D cost is also continues to escalate
– Imbalance between supply and demand• DRAM market growth is correlate to the growth in the world economy
DRAM Cost and Profit
• DRAM: lowest cost memory (1T/1C): today 10-7 $/bit• DRAM production costs: -26% per year for cost/bit• DRAM Bit price trends:
Most USDRAMmakersexit
Manymergers
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
10-7
10-6
10-5
-26% per year
ProfitsLoss
Cos
t per
bit
($)
Year
NOR vs NAND
Flash Type /Key players
Advantages Disadvantages Key Applications
NOR
Intel, Spansion,
• High speed random access
• Byte programming
• Well Encrypted
• Slow programming
• Slow speed in erasing
• Programming storage for -Cellular phone- Set top boxes- DVD
Bios for PC and Peripherals
NAND
Samsung, Toshiba
• High speed Programming• High speed erasing• Smaller Block size
• Slow random access• No byte programming
• Suitable for Data memory
- MP3
- PDA
- DSC
Flash Read /Write /Erase Mechanism
Erase ReadWrite
Apply voltage to control gate
e- tunneling occurs from channel to FG
FGCG
Apply voltage to source
e- transfer occurs from FG to source
CG
FGFG
CG
Apply voltage to CG
If e- present in FG - no conduction between source and drain
If e- is absent conduction happens
2006 Market Trends
• Chip production increased 12% in ‘06, 5995 MSI of silicon
• Q1 ’06 -1%, +4% in Q2, second half of the year very strong
• 77.5B chips were shipped for the first 6 months of the year, NAND was 5% more
• Capacity grew much slower 7% for ’06• Capacity is ~90% and expects to grow to 95%
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