Glencoe Science Chapter Resources - Weebly · 2018. 9. 12. · Glencoe Science Chapter Resources...

Glencoe Science

Chapter Resources

Rocks

Includes:

Reproducible Student Pages

ASSESSMENT

✔ Chapter Tests

✔ Chapter Review

HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES

✔ Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity

✔ Laboratory Activities

✔ Foldables–Reading and Study Skills activity sheet

MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery

✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish

✔ Reinforcement

✔ Enrichment

✔ Note-taking Worksheets

TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES

✔ Section Focus Transparency Activities

✔ Teaching Transparency Activity

✔ Assessment Transparency Activity

Teacher Support and Planning

✔ Content Outline for Teaching

✔ Spanish Resources

✔ Teacher Guide and Answers

Glencoe Science

Photo CreditsSection Focus Transparency 1: Jonathan Blair/NGS Image Collection; Section Focus Transparency 2:Bettmann/CORBIS; Section Focus Transparency 3: Farrell Grehan/Photo Researchers; Section Focus Trans-parency 4: John M. Roberts/The Stock Market; Teaching Transparency: (l) Martin Miller, (c) Jeff Gnass, (r)Doug Sokell/Tom Stack & Assoc.

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the conditionthat such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students,teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with theRocks program. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited withoutprior written permission of the publisher.

Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027

ISBN 0-07-866941-3

Printed in the United States of America.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 071 09 08 07 06 05 04

Rocks 1

ReproducibleStudent Pages

Reproducible Student Pages■ Hands-On Activities

MiniLAB: Try at Home Modeling Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3MiniLAB: Classifying Sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Lab: Igneous Rock Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Lab: Sedimentary Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Laboratory Activity 1: Concretions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Laboratory Activity 2: Identifying Metamorphic Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . 11Foldables: Reading and Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

■ Meeting Individual NeedsExtension and Intervention

Directed Reading for Content Mastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Enrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Note-taking Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

■ AssessmentChapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

■ Transparency ActivitiesSection Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2 Rocks

Hands-OnActivities

Hands-On Activities

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 3

Name Date Class

Modeling RockProcedure 1. Mix about 10 mL of white glue with about 7 g of dirt or sand in a small

paper cup.

2. Stir the mixture and then allow it to harden overnight.

3. Tear away the paper cup carefully from your mixture.

Hand

s-On

Act

iviti

es

Analysis1. Which rock type is similar to your hardened mixture?

2. Which part of the rock cycle did you model?

4 Rocks

Name Date Class

Classifying SedimentsProcedure WARNING: Use care when handling sharp objects.1. Collect different samples of sediment.

2. Spread them on a sheet of paper.

3. Use Table 2 in your textbook to determine the size range of gravel-sizedsediment.

4. Use tweezers or a dissecting probe and a magnifying lens to separate thegravel-sized sediments.

5. Separate the gravel into piles—rounded or angular.

Hands-On Activities

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Analysis1. Describe the grains in both piles.

2. Determine what rock could form from each type of sediment you have.

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 5

Name Date Class

Lab PreviewDirections: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.

1. Why does this lab have a sharp objects safety symbol?

2. According to what characteristics will you arrange the rocks in this lab?

You’ve learned how color often is used to estimate the composition of anigneous rock. The texture of an igneous rock describes its overall appearance,including mineral grain sizes and the presence or absence of bubble holes, forexample. In most cases, grain size relates to how quickly the magma or lavacooled. Crystals you can see without a magnifying lens indicate slower cooling. Smaller, fine-grained crystals indicate quicker cooling, possibly dueto volcanic activity. Rocks with glassy textures cooled so quickly that therewas no time to form mineral grains.

Real-World QuestionWhat does an igneous rock’s texture and color indicate about its formation history?

Materials

Goals■ Classify different samples of igneous rocks

by color and infer their composition.■ Observe the textures of igneous rocks and

infer how they formed.

Safety Precautions WARNING: Some rock samples might havesharp edges. Always use caution while handlingsamples.

Procedure1. Arrange rocks according to color (light or

dark). Record your observations in the datatable in the Data and Observations section.

2. Arrange rocks according to similar texture.Consider grain sizes and shapes, presenceof holes, etc. Use your magnifying lens tosee small features more clearly. Record yourobservations.

Igneous Rock Clues

Hand

s-On

Act

iviti

es

rhyolitebasaltvesicular basalt

pumicegraniteobsidian

gabbromagnifying lens

6 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Conclude and Apply1. Infer which rocks are granitic based on color.

2. Infer which rocks cooled quickly. What observations led you to this inference?

3. Identify any samples that suggest gases were escaping from them as they cooled.

4. Describe Which samples have a glassy appearance? How did these rocks form?

5. Infer which samples are not volcanic. Explain.

Hands-On Activities

Communicating Your Data

Research the compositions of each of your samples. Did the colors of any samples leadyou to infer the wrong compositions? Communicate to your class what you learned.

Data and Observations

Size and Shapeof Crystals Color Texture Rock NameOther

(continued)

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 7

Name Date Class

Lab PreviewDirections: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.

1. What warning does the eye safety symbol in this lab give you?

2. How do the materials for classifying sedimentary rocks differ from the materials you used forclassifying igneous rocks?

Sedimentary rocks are formed by compaction and cementation of sediment.Because sediment is found in all shapes and sizes, do you think these charac-teristics could be used to classify detrital sedimentary rocks? Sedimentaryrocks also can be classified as chemical, or organic.

Real-World QuestionHow are rock characteristics used to classifysedimentary rocks as detrital, chemical, ororganic?

Goals■ Observe sedimentary rock characteristics.■ Compare and contrast sedimentary rock

textures.■ Classify sedimentary rocks as detrital,

chemical, or organic.

Materialsunknown sedimentary rock samplesmarking pen5% hydrochloric acid (HCl)dropperpaper towelswatermagnifying lensmetric ruler

Safety Precautions

WARNING: HCl is an acid and can causeburns. Wear goggles and a lab apron. Rinsespills with water and wash hands afterward.

Procedure1. Complete the procedure below and fill in

the Sedimentary Rock Samples table in theData and Observations section.

2. Determine the sizes of sediments in eachsample, using a magnifying lens and a metric ruler. Using Table 2, in your text-book, classify any grains of sediment in the rocks as gravel, sand, silt, or clay. Ingeneral, the sediment is silt if it is grittyand just barely visible, and clay if it issmooth and if individual grains are not visible.

3. Put a few drops of 5% HCl solution oneach rock sample. Bubbling on a rock indi-cates the presence of calcite.

4. Examine each sample for fossils anddescribe any that are present.

5. Determine whether each sample has a granular or nongranular texture.

Analyze Your Data1. Classify your samples as detrital, chemical,

or organic.2. Identify each rock sample.

Sedimentary Rocks

Hand

s-On

Act

iviti

es

8 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class


Sedimentary Rock Samples

Hands-On Activities

Communicating Your Data

Compare your conclusions with those of other students in your class. For more help,refer to the Science Skill Handbook.

Conclude and Apply1. Explain why you tested the rocks with acid. What minerals react with acid?

2. Compare and contrast sedimentary rocks that have a granular texture with sedimentary rocksthat have a nongranular texture.

Minerals or Sediment Detrital RockSample Observations Fossils Present Size Chemical, Nameor Organic

A

B

C

D

E

(continued)

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 9

Name Date Class

Concretions

Concretions are features found in sedimentary rocks. They may be spheres or flattened ovals.Concretions are formed when successive layers of cementing material are deposited and precipitatedaround a central core. Concretions may be harder than the surrounding rock. They are found as thesurrounding rock is weathered.

StrategyYou will make a concretion.You will observe the process of precipitation.You will demonstrate the process by which

some sedimentary rocks are formed.

Materials waxed papercardboard (stiff)pie pan (disposable)spoonpatching plasterwaterrock with flat sidedropperfood coloring

Procedure1. Place a piece of waxed paper on a piece of

cardboard.2. In the pie pan, mix some plaster with

water. Add the water drop by drop until theplaster will spread but not run.

3. Place the rock flat side down on the waxedpaper. Spread the plaster over its exposedsides. Record the color of the layer inTable 1.

4. Clean the pie pan thoroughly.5. Place the rock in a location where it can

dry undisturbed.6. On the second day, repeat steps 3 through 5.

Mix a drop of food coloring in the plaster.Record the color of the layer in Table 1.Let dry.

7. On the third day, add another layer using adifferent color. Record the color in the table.

8. On the fourth day, add another layer usinga third color. Record. Contours may bethicker in some places since concretions arenot always smooth.

9. On the fifth day, remove the cardboard andwaxed paper. Sketch the bottom of the concretion on the next page.

Hand

s-On

Act

iviti

es


Table 1

1

ColorDay

2

3

ColorDay

4

LaboratoryActivity11

10 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Laboratory Activity 1 (continued)

Name Date Class

Hands-On Activities

Questions and Conclusions1. What do the different layers represent?

2. What causes the different layers in naturally formed concretions?

3. Sometimes fossil hunters crack concretions open. Why do you think they do that?

Strategy Check

Can you make a concretion?

Can you observe the process of precipitation?

Can you demonstrate how some sedimentary rocks are formed?

Sketch of concretion

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 11

Name Date Class

Identifying MetamorphicRocks

Metamorphic rocks are those which have been changed by heat, pressure, fluids, and chemicalactivity beneath Earth’s surface. Each metamorphic rock can be identified and classified by itscomposition and texture. Foliated metamorphic rocks have a sheetlike or layering orientation oftheir minerals. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are composed of mineral grains that don’t formlayers. In this activity, you will examine and identify samples of both types of metamorphic rocks.

StrategyYou will describe the physical properties of various metamorphic rocks.You will use a key to identify metamorphic rock samples.You will group rocks into foliated and nonfoliated samples.

Materialsnumbered rock samples: gneiss, hornfels,

marble, phyllite, quartzite, schist, slate, and soapstone

magnifying lenscolored pencils

Safety Precautions

Procedure1. Arrange your rock samples in numerical

order. Begin by examining rock sample 1.In the table in the Data and Observationssection, make a sketch of the rock sample.Use colored pencils to make your sketch asrealistic as possible.

2. Next observe the rock’s physical properties,such as the color and the size and arrange-ment of crystals. Write a description of therock in the data table.

3. Use the identification key in Figure 1 toidentify the name of the rock sample. Writethe name in the data table.

4. Based on your observations and what youknow about metamorphic rocks, classifythe rock sample as foliated or nonfoliated.Record your classification in the data table.

5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 with rock samples2 through 8.

Hand

s-On

Act

iviti

esLaboratoryActivity22

Rock Description

Alternating bands of light anddark minerals; bands may ormay not be bent; often visiblecrystals; may contain thin,dark streaks

Usually dark in color, but maybe pink, brown, violet, or green;fine-grained, dense, hard rock

Can be white, brown, red, green,or yellow; can be scratched witha nail; texture can be smooth orsugary; large interlocking cystals

Fine-grained rock; has a frostedsheen resembling frostedeye shadow

Made of interlocking quartzcrystals; pure quartzite is white,but other minerals may color itgray or even black;scratches glass

Medium-grained rock; may havelong, stretched crystals; mayshimmer or look flaky

Usually gray or black; very fine-grained rock; individual grainsdifficult to see with hand lens;has obvious layers

Soft, easily carved rock; slipperyfeel; color varies from very paleto dark green

Gneiss

Hornfels

Marble

Phyllite

Quartzite

Schist

Slate

Soapstone

Figure 1

12 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)

Name Date Class


Hands-On Activities

Questions and Conclusions1. Which rock samples were the most difficult to identify?

2. Suggest why two samples of the same type of metamorphic rock might look different fromeach other.

Strategy Check

Can you describe the physical properties of various metamorphic rocks?

Can you use a key to identify metamorphic rock samples?

Can you group rocks into foliated and nonfoliated samples?

Sample Drawing Description Rock Foliated orNumber Name Nonfoliated

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 13

Rocks

Directions: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.

Rock TypesIgneous

Metamorphic

Sedimentarycan be chemical or organic sedimentary

can be foliated or nonfoliated

can be intrusive or extrusive

examples include basalt, granite, and pumice

examples include limestone, chalk, and coal

examples include shale, schist, and quartz

formed by heat, pressure, and fluids

formed by magma and lava

formed when rock fragments and minerals are compacted andcemented together

Name Date Class

Hand

s-On

Act

iviti

es

14 Rocks

Meeting IndividualNeeds

Meeting Individual Needs

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 15

OverviewRocks

Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below.

metamorphic rock cycle igneous limestone

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds

Directed Reading for

Content Mastery

Directions: Select the correct answer from the possibilities below and write the letter in the space provided.5. The rock cycle illustrates the principal of the conservation of matter by

explaining how______________.

a. a sedimentary rock can become metamorphic rockb. a metamorphic rock can become an igneous rockc. an igneous rock can form a sedimentary rockd. all of the above

4.

and includes and includesand includes

rocks such as rocks such asrocks such as

The

2. 3.sedimentary

granite marble

1.

illustrates how rockschange through time

Name Date Class

16 Rocks

Section 1 ■ The Rock CycleSection 2 ■ Igneous Rocks

Directions: Study the following diagram. Then answer the questions below.

1. The diagram shows the three types of rock and the processes that form them.

This process is called the _____________________.

2. Lava and ___________________ can cool to become igneous rocks.

3. Heat and pressure can turn sedimentary or ____________________ rocks intometamorphic rocks.

4. Metamorphic rock can ____________________ and then cool to becomeigneous rock.

5. Weathering and erosion break igneous and other types of rock into smaller pieces

called _____________________.

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.



Content Mastery

Magma

Igneousrock

Cooling

Heat andpressure

Weatheringand erosion



Heat andpressure

Compactionand

cementationMelting

Melting

Melting

Metamorphicrock

Sedimentaryrock

Sediments

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 17

Section 3 ■ Metamorphic RocksSection 4 ■ Sedimentary Rocks

Directions: Draw a line from the description on the left to the correct term on the right.

1. a type of metamorphic rock in which mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers

2. a type of organic sedimentary rock formed from the pieces of dead plants

3. rocks formed by changes in temperature and pressure or the presence of hot,watery fluids

4. sedimentary rocks such as halite that are formed when minerals come out of solution

5. sedimentary rocks such as sandstone that are formed from broken fragments of other rocks

6. a type of organic sedimentary rock made of the mineral calcite and formed largely from the shells of ocean animals

7. rocks formed when sediments are pressed and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions

8. a type of metamorphic rock in whichmineral grains flatten and line up inparallel layers

9. sedimentary rock in which the older rocks,unless disrupted, are on the bottom

10. an organic sedimentary rock made ofmicroscopic shells

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds


Content Mastery

metamorphic rocks

foliated rock

coal

nonfoliated rock

chalk

detrital rocks

chemical rocks

stacked rocks

sedimentary rocks

fossil-rich limestone

Name Date Class

18 Rocks

Key TermsRocks

Directions: Write the terms below next to their definitions on the lines provided. Then circle the terms in the puzzle.

compaction foliated granitic igneous

intrusive metamorphic sediment rock

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.



Content Mastery

1. igneous rocks that form below Earth’s surface

2. rocks created by changes in temperature and pressureor the presence of hot, watery liquid

3. loose material such as rock fragments, mineral grains,and plant and animal remains

4. process in which layer upon layer of sediment buildsup and pressure from the upper layers causes thelower layers to stick together and form solid rock

5. a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass,or other materials

6. the type of metamorphic rock that forms when mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers

7. the kind of rock that forms when magma cools

8. the kind of magma that is thick and stiff and contains lots of silica

A

R

H

W

O

F

C

B

P

I

E

N

R

O

C

K

M

E

H

P

T

O

G

D

F

B

I

Q

K

T

Y

N

C

T

D

L

L

S

S

K

I

Q

R

M

R

Z

A

R

S

Y

F

A

T

S

A

U

O

I

G

N

E

O

U

S

U

P

M

E

T

A

M

O

R

P

H

I

C

D

T

D

I

R

X

J

K

P

E

I

Z

A

E

N

B

F

E

O

I

V

T

J

N

V

T

L

C

M

I

P

M

O

W

V

U

C

G

J

Q

C

N

X

O

S

E

D

I

M

E

N

T

G

H

N

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Nombre Fecha Clase

Las rocas 19

SinopsisLas rocas

Instrucciones: Completa el mapa de conceptos usando los siguientes términos.

metamórficas ciclo de las rocas ígneas la piedra caliza

Lectura dirigida para

Dominio del contenido

Instrucciones: Elige la respuesta correcta y escribe la letra en el espacio dado.

5. El ciclo de las rocas ilustra el principio de conservación de la materia al

explicar cómo ______________.

a. una roca sedimentaria puede convertirse en una roca metamórficab. una roca metamórfica puede convertirse en una roca ígneac. una roca ígnea puede convertirse en una roca sedimentariad. todas las anteriores

4.

e incluye rocas e incluye rocase incluye rocas

como comocomo

El(La)

2. 3.sedimentarias

el granito el mármol

1.

illustra cómo cambianlas rocas con el tiempo

Satis

face

las n

eces

idad

es in

divi

dual

es

Nombre Fecha Clase

20 Las rocas

Sección 1 ■ El ciclo de lasrocas

Sección 2 ■ Rocas ígneasInstrucciones: Estudia el siguiente diagrama. Luego contesta las preguntas.

1. El diagrama muestra los tres tipos de rocas y los procesos que las forman. Esteproceso se llama el(la) _____________________.

2. La lava y el(la) ___________________ se enfrían y forman rocas ígneas.

3. El calor y la presión pueden convertir las rocas sedimentarias o____________________ en rocas metamórficas.

4. Las rocas metamórficas pueden ____________________ y luego enfriarse y con-vertirse en rocas ígneas.

5. La meteorización y la erosión desintegran las rocas ígneas y otros tipos de rocasen fragmentos llamados _____________________.

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.



Magma

Rocaígneaíí

Enfriamiento

Calor ypresión

Meteorizacióny erosión



Calor ypresión

Compactacióny

cementaciónFundición

Fundición

Fundición

Rocametamórfica

Rocasedimentaria

Sedimentos

Satisface las necesidades individuales

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Nombre Fecha Clase

Las rocas 21

Sección 3 ■ Rocas metamórficas

Sección 4 ■ Rocas sedimentarias

Instrucciones: Une con una línea cada descripción de la izquierda con el término correcto a la derecha.

1. tipo de roca metamórfica en la cual los granos minerales crecen y se reorganizan pero no forman capas

2. tipo de roca sedimentaria orgánica que se forma de los fragmentos de plantas muertas

3. rocas que se formaron al cambiar la temperatura y la presión o debido a la presencia de líquidos calientes

4. rocas sedimentarias como la halita que se formaron cuando los minerales precipitaron de la solución

5. rocas sedimentarias como la arenisca que se formaron a partir de los fragmentos de otras rocas

6. tipo de roca sedimentaria orgánica compuesta del mineral calcita, la cual se forma sobre todo de las conchas de animales marinos

7. rocas que se forman cuando los sedimentos son presionados y cimentados o cuando se forman minerales a partir de soluciones

8. tipo de roca metamórfica en la cual los granos de los minerales se aplanan y se organizan en capas paralelas

9. roca sedimentaria en la cual las rocas más antiguas,si no han sido alteradas, se encuentran en el fondo

10. roca sedimentaria orgánica compuesta de conchas microscópicas



rocas metamórficas

roca foliada

carbón

roca no foliada

tiza

rocas detríticas

rocas químicas

rocas apiladas

rocas sedimentarias

piedra caliza rica en fósiles

Satis

face

las n

eces

idad

es in

divi

dual

es

Nombre Fecha Clase

22 Las rocas

Términos clavesLas rocas

Instrucciones: Escribe los términos al lado de sus definiciones en las líneas dadas. Luego encierra en un círculocada término en la sopa de letras.

compactación foliada granítica ígnea

intrusiva metamórfica sedimento roca

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.



1. roca ígnea que se forma bajo la superficie terrestre

2. rocas que se forman debido a cambios en la tempera-tura y presión o en presencia de líquidos calientes

3. material suelto como fragmentos de rocas, granos deminerales y restos de plantas y animales

4. proceso por el cual se acumula capa tras capa de sedi-mento y la presión causada por las capas que estánarriba hace que las capas inferiores se junten y formenroca sólida

5. mezcla de minerales, materia orgánica, vidrio vol-cánico u otros materiales

6. tipo de roca metamórfica que se forma cuando losgranos minerales se aplanan y forman capas paralelas

7. tipo de roca que se forma cuando el magma se enfría

8. tipo de magma denso y poco flexible que contienegran cantidad de sílice

C

R

I

W

O

F

C

B

P

I

G

M

E

T

A

M

O

R

F

I

C

A

O

D

N

B

I

R

K

T

Y

N

R

P

D

R

L

S

C

O

O

Q

R

N

C

Z

S

R

S

Y

I

I

T

S

T

A

O

U

G

N

A

L

Z

S

U

I

T

E

I

G

N

E

A

S

H

I

I

C

T

A

I

R

X

A

A

P

E

A

A

A

V

N

B

F

D

T

I

V

C

I

N

V

T

L

C

M

I

P

M

O

N

V

U

C

G

J

Q

C

N

X

O

O

S

E

D

I

M

E

N

T

O

N

Satisface las necesidades individuales

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 23

Directions: Study the diagram of the rock cycle. In a paragraph explain how minerals originally in magma couldtravel through the cycle and eventually end up in each of the three main classifications of rocks. Tell what musthappen for each rock type to change into another.

The Rock Cycle

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds

Magma

Igneousrock

Cooling

Heat andpressure




Heat andpressure

Compactionand

cementationMelting

Melting

Melting

Metamorphicrock

Sedimentaryrock

Sediments

Reinforcement11

24 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Igneous Rocks

Directions: Write the term that matches each description below on the spaces provided. The boxed lettersshould spell the kind of rocks that form from magma.


1. Igneous rocks that are dense and dark-colored. They form from magma that is rich in iron andmagnesium and poor in silica.

2. Thick, gooey, molten material inside a volcano or deep inside Earth

3. Igneous rocks that are light-colored and have a lower density. They form from thick, stiffmagma that contains lots of silica and lesser amounts of iron and magnesium.

4. Igneous rocks that have mineral compositions between those of granitic and basaltic rocks

5. One kind of volcanic glass that has holes caused by pockets of gas

6. The kind of igneous rock that forms below Earth’s surface

7. The kind of igneous rock that forms on or near Earth’s surface

8. Magma forms this kind of rock.

7

6

5

4

3

2

11

Reinforcement22

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 25

Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms below.

metamorphic rocks foliated rocks nonfoliated rocks

marble quartzite sandstone

gneiss shale granite

Metamorphic Rocks33

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds

Reinforcement33

Directions: Write T if the statement is true. Write F if the statement is false.

10. Metamorphic rocks form only from igneous rocks.

11. An igneous rock like granite can be formed into a metamorphic rock like gneiss.

12. Heat and pressure have no effect on rocks.

13. One type of rock, such as shale, can change into several different kinds ofmetamorphic rock.

forms from forms from forms from forms from

can beclassified as

slate4. 5. 6.

8. 9.

2.

7.

3.

1.

two examples are

two examples are

limestone

26 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Directions: Complete the outline by filling in the blanks.

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Materials that make up sediments

A.

B.

C.

II. Ways sedimentary rocks can form

A.

Definition:

B.

Definition:

C.

Definition:

III. Classification of sedimentary rocks

A.

Examples:

B.

Examples:

C.

Examples:

44


Reinforcement44

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 27

Analyzing Rocks

Materials 10 rock samplestowelrock hammerhand lensField Guide to Rocks

Procedure1. On a piece of paper, copy the table heading

shown in Data and Observations. Makeyour table ten rows long to provide spacefor recording information about the tenrock samples.

2. Examine the rock samples. Observe charac-teristics such as minerals present, the sizeand shape of mineral grains, and thearrangement of grains. Record your observa-tions in your table. Sample observations areshown in the Data and Observations section.

3. Group all the rocks that have a commoncharacteristic. Make at least three categories.In the last column of the table, record thecommon characteristics on which youbased your groupings.

4. Compare your system of classification withthose devised by your classmates.

5. Crush bits of the rocks. WARNING: Wraprock samples in a towel before hitting themwith the hammer. Always wear goggles whenusing a rock hammer.

6. Examine the crushed samples with the handlens. Record any observable characteristicsnot seen in the larger specimen.

Enrichment11

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds


Analyze and Conclude

1. Were there any characteristics common to all rock samples? Explain one.

2. What feature was most useful in grouping the rocks?

3. What feature was least helpful in grouping the rocks?

4. Was there a characteristic observed in the crushed rocks that aided or changed your system ofgrouping? Explain.

5. Was your system of grouping different from those of your classmates? Why did students devisedifferent classification systems?

1

SampleMineralsPresent

Size /Shapeof Minerals

Arrangementof Grains

OtherInformation

CommonCharacteristic

QuartzFeldsparDiorite

0.5 cm, rectangular

Grain size similar to

samples 3 and 7

28 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Crystallization

Directions: This chart represents the order in which different minerals crystallize from cooling magma or lava toform igneous rocks. Both mineral names and the rocks they form are shown. Use the chart to answer the questions.

1. Which minerals are the first to crystallize from cooling magma?

2. What kind of rocks are formed by these minerals?

3. Which mineral crystallizes at the lowest temperature?

4. Which mineral, pyroxene or orthoclase, crystallizes from magma first?

5. Which feldspar mineral is found in granite?

6. What minerals form the rocks diorite and andesite?

7. Minerals higher in silica content crystallize from magma at lower temperatures. Which magma,

basaltic or granitic, is higher in silica content?

8. Magma that is low in silica content flows more easily. Which kind of lava, basaltic or granitic,

flows faster?

Enrichment22


Crystallization Iron-magnesiumsilicate minerals

Rocknames

First tocrystallize

Olivine

Pyroxene

Amphibole

Biotite

Orthoclase(potassium feldspar)

Quartz

Plagioclase(calcium feldspar)

Plagioclase(sodium feldspar)

Gabbro,basalt

Diorite,andesite

Granite,rhyolite

Feldspar minerals

Last tocrystallize

Decreasing tem

perature

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 29

Everyday Quartzite

Quartzite is a nonfoliated rock that is used in many everyday things. Quartzite is most commonly used for friction control on asphalt roads and highways. Adding quartzite to road surfaces helps keep drivers safe. That’s because the hard, angular surfaces created by quartzitecause more friction, which prevents skidding. Quartzite is made up of quartz grains that arefirmly cemented together when sandstone is subjected to heat and pressure.

Directions: Research and define the following terms related to quartzite.

1. aggregates

2. micro-texture of pavement

3. macro-texture of pavement

4. hydroplaning

5. precast concrete panels

6. pink Sioux quartzite

Enrichment33

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds

30 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Analyzing Sedimentary Rocks

Analyze1. What did you observe in the pan as the days passed and on the final day of this activity?

2. What caused the salt deposition in the pan?

Conclude and Apply3. How does what you observed in the pan help explain sedimentary rock formation?

4. Sedimentary rocks formed by deposition of minerals when water evaporates are called evaporites. Name a common evaporite mineral or rock.

5. Deposition of evaporite sedimentary rocks occurred in the Dead Sea flats and the Bonnevillesalt flats. Explain what might have happened to cause the evaporite deposits.

Materials flat pan or shallow dishwaterspoontable salt

Procedure1. Place about 3 cm of water in the pan or

shallow dish.2. Gradually add table salt to the water as you

stir it gently.3. Continue adding salt until no more can be

dissolved in the water.

4. Stir the solution thoroughly.5. Observe and note the appearance of the

pan and its contents.6. Place the pan with its contents on a

windowsill or countertop where it will notbe disturbed.

7. Once each morning and evening, observethe pan and record what you see.

8. Continue this process until all the waterhas evaporated.

9. Once all the water has evaporated, observeand record the appearance of the pan.

Enrichment44


Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 31

Rocks

Section 1 The Rock Cycle

A. _____________—mixture of minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other material

B. ___________________—model showing processes that create and change rock

1. ____________________ rock can be changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock.

2. ____________________ rock can melt and cool to form igneous rock.

3. ________________ rock can be broken into fragments that may later form sedimentaryrock.

C. Conservation of _______________—rock cycle never destroys elements of rocks but merelyredistributes them

D. _____________________ recognized the rock cycle in 1788 by observing Siccar Point, Scotland.

Section 2 Igneous Rock

A. ______________________ form from magma found deep under Earth’s surface.

1. Magma reaching the surface flows from a volcano as _____________.

2. Magma trapped below the surface forms large-grained __________________ igneous rockwhen it cools.

3. Magma cooling at or near Earth’s surface forms small-grained __________________igneous rock.

4. _________________ igneous rocks are dark-colored and dense.

a. Contain _____________ and __________________ but very little silica

b. Basaltic lava flows _______________ from a volcano.

5. _________________ igneous rocks are lower density and lighter color.

a. Contain more _______________ and less iron and magnesium

b. Granitic magma is ______________ and ______________.

6. __________________ rocks have a more balanced composition of minerals and densitythan basaltic or granitic rocks.

7. Crystal _____________, large or small, can help identify an igneous rock as intrusive or extrusive.

8. Volcanic glass rocks _____________ so quickly that few crystals form.

9. Some rocks have ______________ formed around once-trapped air and other gases.

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds

Note-takingWorksheet

32 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

B. Igneous rocks are ___________________ in two ways.

1. Where they formed—__________________ (under the Earth’s surface) or

__________________ (at or near the Earth’s surface)

2. ______________ type—basaltic, granitic, or andesitic

Section 3 Metamorphic Rocks

A. Metamorphic rocks—changed by ____________________, _________________, and hot fluids

1. _____________ and _________________ result from one layer of rock on top of another layer.

a. Sometimes temperature and pressure are great enough to _____________ rock, formingmagma.

b. Sometimes pressure _________________ mineral grains in rocks without melting them.

c. As pressure and temperature continue to increase over time, one type of rock can change

into __________________________ metamorphic rocks.

2. Hot, water-rich _______________ can move through rock, chemically changing it.

B. Classification of metamorphic rocks—by composition and _________________

1. _________________ texture—mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers or bands

2. ______________________ texture—mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers

Section 4 Sedimentary Rocks

A. ____________________ rocks—mostly found on the exposed surface of Earth

1. Rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of plants and animal remains moved by wind,

water, ice or gravity are called __________________.

2. Sedimentary rocks form in _______________.

B. Sedimentary rocks—___________________ by what they were made of and how they were formed

C. _________________ sedimentary rocks—made from broken fragments of other rocks

1. When layers of small sediments stick together because of pressure, ___________________occurs.

2. When water and other minerals move through open spaces between larger sediments,

gluing them together, ____________________ occurs.

3. Detrital rocks often have a _________________ texture.


Note-taking Worksheet (continued)

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 33

4. Rocks are named according to _____________ and ______________ of sediments.

a. Sediment size can be large like _______________ or small like _____________.

b. Sediments can be _____________________ or have ______________ angles.

D. Chemical sedimentary rocks—non-clastic rocks formed when dissolved _________________came out of solution

1. Limestone forms from ________________, which was calcium carbonate in solution.

2. Rock salt forms from _______________, which was salt in solution.

E. Organic sedimentary rocks—made from ________________ of once-living plants or animals

1. ______________—made of microscopic calcite-shell remains of animals

2. _____________—made of plant remains, chemically changed by microorganisms and compacted over millions of years

F. Rock cycle—a ___________________ and dynamic process

Mee

ting

Indi

vidu

al N

eeds

Note-taking Worksheet (continued)

34 Rocks

Assessment

Assessment

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 35

Chapter Review

Name Date Class

Rocks

Part A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct termin the blank at the left.

Column I

1. rocks formed by changes in heat and pressure or the presence of hot, watery fluids

2. rocks formed from molten material

3. rocks formed from sediments

4. igneous rocks formed on or near Earth’s surface

5. layered metamorphic rocks

6. process by which sediments are pressed together to form rock

7. light-colored igneous rocks with a lower density than basaltic rocks

8. dense, dark-colored igneous rocks

9. metamorphic rocks that don’t have layers

10. process by which large sediments are glued together by dissolved minerals to form rock

11. igneous rocks formed below Earth’s surface

12. bits of weathered rock, minerals, grains, plants,and animals that have been eroded

13. model that illustrates the processes that create and change rocks

14. magma that reaches Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes

15. a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass,or other materials

Column II

a. granitic

b. metamorphic rocks

c. rock cycle

d. sedimentary rocks

e. cementation

f. basaltic

g. rock

h. extrusive

i. sediments

j. igneous rocks

k. compaction

l. intrusive

m. foliated

n. lava

o. nonfoliatedAs

sess

men

t

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Chapter Review (continued)

36 Rocks

Part B. Concept ReviewDirections: Answer the following questions using complete sentences.1. Suppose you found an igneous rock that had almost even amounts of silica, iron, and

magnesium. How would you classify this rock? Why?

2. How do detrital, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks differ from one another?

3. Your friend challenges you to tell what you know about a rock without seeing it. You are givena one-word hint: clastic. What can you tell your friend about the rock?

4. What makes the rock cycle a “cycle”?

5. What is cementation?

Assessment

Transparency Activities

Rocks 41

Tran

spar

ency

Act

iviti

es

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

42 Rocks


Section FocusTransparency Activity11

Have you ever thought about living in a rock? This photo shows anarea in Turkey called Cappadocia. People have carved their homesinto the giant rock cones at Cappadocia for at least 2,000 years.

A Cone Cave Place To Live

1. What properties of these cones make them useful for carvinghomes?

2. What advantages are there to living in a rock? Disadvantages?

3. How might weather affect these rock homes?

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 43

Name Date Class


Tran

spar

ency

Act

iviti

es

The ancient city of Pompeii in Italy was buried by the eruption ofMt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D. The ruins were discovered in the late 1500s, butexcavations were not systematized until the 1860s.

Bad For Pompeii, GoodFor Archaeology

1. How did the volcano preserve the artifacts in Pompeii?

2. What clues do you have that Pompeii was covered by ash ratherthan lava?

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

44 Rocks



Since the days of ancient Greece, sculptors have used marble to create beautiful works of art. Formed from limestone and variousminerals, marble must be carefully cut from quarries like the oneshown below.

Pressured to Change

1. Why is marble so valued by sculptors?

2. Besides sculpture, how else do people use marble?

3. Marble comes in many different colors and internal patterns. Whyis there so much variation?

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Rocks 45

Name Date Class


Tran

spar

ency

Act

iviti

es

Natural arches or bridges are features that are most often eroded in sandstone or limestone. Examples in the United States include Natural Bridge in western Virginia, Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah, and Arches National Park, also in Utah. ArchesNational Park is pictured below.

It’s Sedimentary

1. How do you think this arch was formed?

2. Notice the layers in the sandstone formations pictured. Which layers are the oldest? Explain your answer.

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 47

Tran

spar

ency

Act

iviti

es

Teaching TransparencyActivity11 The Rock Cycle

48 Rocks

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Teaching Transparency Activity (continued)

1. Heat and pressure deep below the Earth’s surface form what kind of rock?

2. What formed the alluvial fan?

3. Name the three major classifications of rocks and the processes that can form each type.

4. Kansas’s Monument Rocks are made up of what type of rocks?

5. Metamorphic rock can be weathered and eroded into what?


Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of t

he M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Name Date Class

Rocks 49

AssessmentTransparency Activity

Tran

spar

ency

Act

iviti

es

Directions: Carefully review the graph and answer the following questions.

Rocks

1. According to this information, which element in Earth’s crust hasa percentage greater than 40%?A Aluminum C IronB Silicon D Oxygen

2. According to the graph, which element in Earth’s crust has theLEAST percentage?F Aluminum H CalciumG Sodium J Iron

3. About how much greater is the percentage of aluminum in Earth’scrust than that of iron?A less than 1% C 10%B 3% D 20%

Elements in Earth's Crust

AluminumOxygen

IronCalciumSodium

Others

Silicon

Glencoe Science Chapter Resources - Weebly · 2018. 9. 12. · Glencoe Science Chapter Resources...

Documents

Transcript of Glencoe Science Chapter Resources - Weebly · 2018. 9. 12. · Glencoe Science Chapter Resources...