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Chapter Introduction

Section 1 Population Patterns

Section 2 History and Government

Section 3 Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter Summary & Study Guide

Chapter Assessment

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

GWG Regional Atlas 10.ppt

GWG Reference Atlas.ppt

• Recognize the various ethnic and religious influences on Southeast Asia’s population and cultures.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Chapter Objectives

• Understand the historical development of Southeast Asia.

• Describe the diverse languages, arts and lifestyles of Southeast Asia.



As you read this chapter, use your journal to describe the many ways of life in Southeast Asia. Use vivid details to depict homes, jobs, governments, and cultural activities.



Population Patterns

• Identify the various ethnic roots of Southeast Asia’s peoples.

Objectives


• Explain why the majority of Southeast Asians live in river valley lowlands or on coastal plains.

• Specify how population movements and settlement patterns have affected the region.




Terms to Know

• urbanization

Population Patterns

• primate city




• Singapore

• Thailand

• Philippines

• Bangkok

• Jakarta

• Cambodia

Places to Locate

Population Patterns

• Vietnam

• Myanmar

• Indonesia

• Java



Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.



In most Southeast Asian countries, women have an average of two or three children each. The birthrate in Laos is more than double this number, at 5.6 children per woman. In 2000, the population of Laos was 5.2 million. If current population growth rates continue, the population will double in 26 years.



Human Characteristics

Southeast Asia’s 520 million people include descendants of indigenous peoples, Indians, Chinese, Arabs, and European colonists.

(pages 735–737)




Human Characteristics (cont.)

(pages 735–737)

• Indigenous Peoples Many Southeast Asians are descended from migrants who came to the region from China and Tibet about 2,500 years ago.

• Khmers and Mons settled on the Southeast Asian mainland.

• The Malays moved into the Malay Peninsula and the islands that today form Indonesia.




(pages 735–737)






(pages 735–737)

• Indian and Chinese Influences Outsiders came to the region to trade for spices.

• Beginning in the A.D. 100s, Indian traders introduced Hinduism and Buddhism.

• The Chinese ruled Vietnam for a thousand years and had a strong cultural influence there.

• The region today is home to many Chinese and Indian ethnic communities.





(pages 735–737)

• Islamic Influence In the A.D. 800s, Muslim traders arrived in Southeast Asia, setting up trade routes and introducing Islam to the region.

• Today, Muslims live in most Southeast Asian countries, forming the majority of the population in Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia.





(pages 735–737)

• Western Colonization European explorers seeking spices and other rich resources arrived in Southeast Asia in the 1400s and 1500s.

• Their voyages eventually brought nearly all of the region, except for Thailand, under European control.



Why do you think so many foreigners were attracted to Southeast Asia?

Southeast Asia is very rich in spices and other natural resources. Traders and settlers could become wealthy from the spice trade. The beauty of the region and its tropical climate would also have attracted outsiders.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.


(pages 735–737)



Population Growth

Many of Southeast Asia’s fertile valleys and coastal areas are densely populated. Highlands areas usually have fewer people than lowlands areas.

(pages 737)




• Population Density Indonesia’s 212 million people live on more than 13,500 scattered islands; the overall population density is 286 people per square mile (110 people per sq. km).

Population Growth (cont.)

• Singapore, the region’s smallest country in land area, has the greatest population density–17,320 people per square mile (6,687 people per sq. km).

(pages 737)




• Population Growth Rates Southeast Asia’s population is growing at a rate faster than the world average.

• Some countries have worked to slow their population growth; Singapore succeeded so well that it is now encouraging people to have more children.


(pages 737)




• Cambodia: Population Decline Between 1975 and 1979, Cambodia lost 38 percent of its people as a result of harsh rule by the Khmer Rouge communist government.

• Many people died as a result of starvation, torture, and executions.


(pages 737)



What impact might the politics of the Khmer Rouge have had on the stability of Cambodia?

Possible answer: To tighten their control, the Khmer Rouge executed people considered to be intellectuals–the ones most likely to criticize or oppose the government. Without educated people, the country would not have doctors, nurses, or teachers. Literacy rates would fall, and there would be less chance for creative thinking to solve problems.



(pages 737)




Movement to the Cities

• Southeast Asia has experienced a major population shift as large numbers of people move from rural villages to urban areas.

(pages 737–738)

• As in many other local regions, public services have not kept up with urban growth.



• Some Southeast Asian countries have primate cities which lead all other cities in attracting people, resources, and commerce.


• Bangkok, Thailand, and Jakarta, Indonesia, are examples of primate cities.

(pages 737–738)

Movement to the Cities (cont.)



• Thailand’s government has offered people financial incentives to leave overcrowded Bangkok and return to rural areas.


• The Indonesian government has relocated 3 million people to the country’s less densely populated outer islands.

(pages 737–738)

Movement to the Cities (cont.)



Outward Migrations


• From the 1970s to the 1990s, thousands of people left Southeast Asia to escape economic distress and political oppression.

(pages 738–739)

• Many of those Southeast Asian migrants came to the United States.

• One effect of these outward migrations is that Southeast Asian countries have lost many skilled and educated workers.



Compare urban growth in Southeast Asia with that in other global regions that you have studied.

Possible answer: Growing cities throughout the world face the challenges of overcrowding, lack of certain public services, and air and water pollution. Urban areas have grown at the expense of rural areas, either by expansion or by the pull they exert on rural dwellers.


Outward Migrations (cont.)

(pages 738–739)



Checking for Understanding

__ 1. a city that dominates a country’s economy, culture, and government and in which population is concentrated; usually the capital

__ 2. The movement of people from rural areas into cities

A. urbanization

B. primate city

Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column.

A

B

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.



Critical Thinking

Identifying Cause and Effect Why have so many different people migrated to Southeast Asia over the centuries? How has this migration influenced the region’s culture?

Possible answer: People have migrated to Southeast Asia because there is a ready water supply, fertile land, adequate transportation, and job availability.





Critical Thinking

Making Inferences What do countries such as Indonesia hope to gain by slowing population growth?

By slowing population growth, countries such as Indonesia hope to relieve overcrowded cities, reduce unemployment, and increase living standards.




Critical Thinking

Comparing and Contrasting How do migration patterns affect Indonesia’s urban and rural populations?

Movement to cities causes urban centers to grow and become overcrowded. Movement to rural areas causes populations to decrease.



Analyzing Maps and Charts

Location Study the political map below left and the urban and rural growth chart below right. Are the countries with the lowest urban populations located on the mainland or on the islands?




Analyzing Maps and Charts

The countries with the lowest urban populations are located on the mainland.



Applying Geography

Economic Effects Think about population distribution in Southeast Asia. Write a paragraph explaining how environmental and economic factors have shaped settlement in the region.

Possible answer: Traditional occupations, such as farming and fishing, drew people to fertile river valleys and coastal plains. Industrialization is drawing people to the cities.




Close

Think of one original question and answer that you would add to the Section 1 Assessment.



History and Government

• Describe how location influenced the development of empires in Southeast Asia.

Objectives


• Name cultural influences that have affected the region’s people.

• Chart events that led to the independence of Southeast Asian countries.




Terms to Know

• maritime


• sphere of influence

• buffer state




• Angkor Wat

• Strait of Malacca

• Sunda Strait

• East Timor

• Mekong River

Places to Locate


• Gulf of Thailand

• Indochina Peninsula

• Malay Peninsula



Thailand traces its origins to the A.D. 1300s when several small Buddhist states united as the kingdom of Ayutthacya, later called Siam. From the late 1700s to the early 1900s, Siam’s kings took steps to modernize the country and successfully kept away European colonizers. During the 1930s, military officials reduced royal powers, and the country was renamed Thailand, meaning “Land of the Free.” Since then, kings have reigned in Thailand, but real power has been held by either elected or military leaders.



Early Civilizations

• Early people in Southeast Asia were rice farmers.


(pages 740–741)

• Artisans skilled in metalwork were casting bronze in 3000 B.C., nearly 1,000 years before the Chinese developed the skill.

• Early Southeast Asian societies were matriarchal, and people worshiped ancestors and animal and nature spirits.



Early Civilizations (cont.)

(pages 740–741)

What factors might have accounted for the early development of metalworking?


Possible answer: The availability of tin and other minerals. The region also has timber to fuel a metalworking industry.




Kingdoms and Empires

Maritime civilizations gained power by controlling shipping and trade. Land-based empires gained wealth from crops grown in fertile soil.

(pages 741–743)

• Funan Influenced by Indian traders during the A.D. 100s, people of Funan adopted Hinduism and Indian forms of government.

• They excelled in farming and metalworking, and traded with surrounding areas.




• Khmer In the 1100s and 1200s, the Khmer set up an empire along the Mekong River that eventually covered most of the Indochina Peninsula.

Kingdoms and Empires (cont.)

• The Khmer were skilled in irrigation and grew four rice crops each year.

• They are also noted for their magnificent architecture, especially the temple of Angkor Wat, which features elements of Indian and local styles.

(pages 741–743)




• Srivijaya Empire Based on Sumatra, the Srivijaya Empire from A.D. 600 to 1300 controlled Southeast Asian seas, especially the Strait of Malacca and the Sunda Straits.

• Today, Singapore owes its prosperity to these same trade routes.


(pages 741–743)




• Vietnam The Vietnamese people fought off Chinese invaders until 111 B.C., when the Chinese finally conquered them.

• The Chinese continued to rule the Vietnamese for about 1,000 years.


(pages 741–743)




• Islam Beginning in the 800s, Muslim Arab merchants and missionaries converted many coastal Southeast Asians to Islam.

• In the 1400s, Islam spread throughout the Malay Peninsula and nearby islands.

• Malacca, on the Malay Peninsula, became an important center for Islamic culture.


(pages 741–743)




(pages 741–743)




Why did Malacca become an important port and Islamic cultural center?


Possible answer: Malacca would have been a centrally located port on the mainland for traders from India, Sumatra, and islands farther to the east and south. Its location was excellent for trade and development.


(pages 741–743)



Western Colonization

By the 1500s, European traders arrived in Southeast Asia to control trade, spread Christianity, and claim territory. By the early 1900s, various European lands and the United States controlled Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Siam served as an independent buffer state between rival powers.

(pages 743)



Western Colonization (cont.)

(pages 743)


• Western Holdings The Netherlands controlled most of the islands that today make up Indonesia.

• Great Britain ruled Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei.

• France governed territories in Indochina that later became Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos.

• The United States won control of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.



• Effects of Western Rule Westerners established rail systems, improved harbors, and built paved roads in Southeast Asia.


• They expanded mining and set up large commercial plantations.

• Little of the resulting wealth benefited Southeast Asians.

• Immigrants from China and India came to work in Western-owned mines, businesses, and farms.


(pages 743)




(pages 743)

Why do you think Siam remained free of Western rule?


Siamese kings set out to modernize Siam and insisted on Siam’s being treated as equal to the European powers. Eventually France and Britain realized that it was in their best interest to leave Siam as a buffer state.



Struggle for Freedom

During World War II, Japan forced Western countries out of Southeast Asia. After Japan’s defeat in 1945, Westerners tried to regain control. By 1965, anti-colonial struggles had brought independence to the region’s lands.

(pages 743–745)



• Regional Conflicts


Struggle for Freedom (cont.)

(pages 743–745)

- After independence, political conflicts and wars engulfed Southeast Asia.

- In 1954, communist forces defeated the French in Vietnam, which then divided into communist and non-communist areas.

- In the 1960s and 1970s, the United States intervened in Southeast Asian conflicts to halt the spread of communism in the region.

- By the mid-1970s, all of Vietnam was under communist rule.

- Conflict between ethnic Malays and Chinese and Indian communities led to violence in 1969.





(pages 743–745)

- The government has since worked to promote equal civil rights, and Malaysia now is more tolerant and unified.

- Ethnic and religious groups within countries have tried to establish independent states.

- After 20 years of fierce struggle and much loss of life, Roman Catholic East Timor broke away from Muslim Indonesia in 1999.

- After a short period of UN control, East Timor became independent in 2002.

- Terrorist groups based in Southeast Asia have carried out attacks against Westerners in the region.



Why do you think communism became a major influence in Southeast Asia after 1945?


Possible answer: Communists identified with pro-independence movements that opposed capitalist and colonial Western controls.


(pages 743–745)



Forms of Government


• Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore are democratic republics.

(pages 745)

• In 1998, Indonesia moved toward democracy after years of dictatorship.

• The military government in Myanmar has tried to crush the opposition that wants to bring democracy to the country.




• Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Thailand are constitutional monarchies.

Forms of Government (cont.)

• Laos and Vietnam have communist governments.

(pages 745)




(pages 745)





Why do you think so many varied forms of government exist today in southeast Asia?

Possible answer: They have varied histories and have developed different governments in response to regional historic traditions and more recent Western influence.


(pages 745)




__ 1. area of a country in which a foreign power has political or economic control

__ 2. concerned with travel or shipping by sea

__ 3. neutral territory between rival powers

A. maritime

B. sphere of influence

C. buffer state


A

C

B




Critical Thinking

Comparing and Contrasting How were the region’s three early empires alike? Different?


The three empires were alike in that they were developed on waterways, became wealthy through advanced technologies or shipping and trading skills, and were influenced by different cultures and religions. They were different in that some were primarily seafaring empires, some were primarily agricultural, and they practiced different religions.




Critical Thinking

Making Inferences What physical and human factors have shaped Southeast Asia’s current political borders?

Island locations, mainland cordilleras, and rivers are physical factors that have shaped Asia’s current political borders. Political factors include ethnic and ideological conflicts as well as the colonial legacy.




Predicting Consequences How might East Timor’s independence influence the region?

Critical Thinking

Possible answer: Other groups may try to gain independence as well.



Analyzing Maps

Region Study the map below. Why were the Strait of Malacca and the Sunda Strait vital to maritime development?




Analyzing Maps

These bodies of water lead to the Indian Ocean and trade/cultural exchange with other regions.



Applying Geography

Interpreting Historical Maps Write a paragraph explaining how the map of foreign colonies on page 744 of your textbook helps us understand the region’s cultural diversity.



Close

Explain how conflicts during the past 100 years have shaped governments and territorial boundaries in Southeast Asia.



Cultures and Lifestyles

• Consider what makes Southeast Asia such an ethnically diverse region.

Objectives


• Describe how outside influences affected the region’s arts.

• Examine how people’s lifestyles reflect the region’s diversity.




Terms to Know

• wat


• batik

• longhouse




• Irrawaddy River

Places to Locate


• Kuala Lumpur



The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, are twin buildings connected about halfway up by a covered bridge. The bridge is fastened to the towers in such a way that it slides on the towers as they sway. The tower structure is the tallest building in the world at 1,483 feet (453 m).



Cultural Diversity

Southeast Asia is home to many native ethnic groups. Indonesia, for example, has about 300 ethnic groups with more than 250 distinct languages.


(pages 748–750)

• Languages

- People in the region speak hundreds of languages and dialects, most belonging to three major language families–Malayo-Polynesian, Sino-Tibetan, and Mon-Khmer.




Cultural Diversity (cont.)

(pages 748–750)

- Many of the languages spoken in Southeast Asia are the result of migration or colonization.

- For example, Singapore has a large Chinese population and was ruled for many years by Great Britain, so Chinese and English are commonly spoken there.

- Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English are the official languages of Singapore.

- Chinese, French, English, and Spanish are widely spoken.





(pages 748–750)

• Religions Nearly all the world’s major religions are represented in the area.

• Buddhism is the major religion of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.

• Islam is the major religion of Malaysia and Indonesia.

• Roman Catholicism is the major religion in the Philippines.

• Daoism or Confucianism are also practiced in the region.



Why do you think so many cultures and religions are found in the region?


Traders and conquerors brought their languages and religions with them, and those who settled in the region continued to speak the languages and practice the religions.


(pages 748–750)




The Arts

Early Chinese and Indian civilizations had major effects on the arts of Southeast Asia. Western art styles began to influence the region’s arts during the colonial period.

(pages 750–752)

• Architecture

- Many Chinese-style pagodas and Indian-style wats are found on the Indochina Peninsula.

- The Indonesian Buddhist shrine of Borobudur is larger than Europe’s cathedrals and was built around A.D. 800.




The Arts (cont.)

- About 900 years ago, Myanmar’s royal city of Pagan featured over 5,000 pagodas. About 2,000 of these still stand.

- Roman Catholic churches are common in the Philippines. Islamic mosques are found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei.

- Southeast Asia has much striking modern architecture, including some of the world’s tallest buildings.

(pages 750–752)



The Arts (cont.)

(pages 750–752)





• Crafts Southeast Asia is famous for lacquerware, which is wood covered with layers of sumac resin and colored with powders.

• Batik is a method of printing designs on cloth.

The Arts (cont.)

(pages 750–752)




• Literature Early literature in the region included folktales and legends passed down orally.

• Later, writers were influenced by Indian, Chinese, and Islamic literature.

• Modern writers sometimes use Western themes.

The Arts (cont.)

(pages 750–752)




• Dance and Drama Traditional dances are based on works of classic literature or on religious ceremonies.

• Puppet plays are traditionally popular in the region.

The Arts (cont.)

(pages 750–752)



What does the presence of the world’s tallest building suggest about the city of Kuala Lumpur?


Possible answer: It must be a wealthy city. It is probably a financial center because skyscrapers are very expensive to build and the building’s owner would have to be wealthy.

The Arts (cont.)

(pages 750–752)




Lifestyles

• Health and Education Since achieving independence, many Southeast Asian countries have enjoyed an improved quality of life.

(pages 752–753)

• The level of health care and the literacy rate in the region continue to rise, although in some countries there is much room for improvement.

• Singapore is a wealthy country; Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, however, are poor.



Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)


• Housing Urban Southeast Asians generally live in high-rise apartments or in brick or wooden houses.

• Most people in the region, however, still live in traditional villages of bamboo or wooden homes with tile or tin roofs.

• In some rural areas of Indonesia and Malaysia, people live in longhouses–dwellings that are elevated on poles and that can accommodate up to 100 people.



• The elevation means that the house is cooler and protected from flooding and the invasion of insects or animals.

Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)



Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)




• Food, Recreation, and Celebrations


Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)

- Many Southeast Asians live on food they raise themselves.

- Rice is the staple food and is often served with fish, chicken, vegetables, and sauces.

- In their leisure time, Southeast Asian city dwellers have many of the same entertainment options as city dwellers elsewhere in the world.

- Sports, such as soccer, basketball, and badminton, are popular in the region.



Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)

- Southeast Asians celebrate a variety of religious holidays.

- For example, Thailand celebrates the Water Festival during the Buddhist New Year.

- Vietnam celebrates its New Year, called Tet, in January or February.




Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)




Lifestyles (cont.)

(pages 752–753)

Why are some countries in Southeast Asia poor while others are wealthy?


Possible answers: Poor countries are probably the ones that have suffered the most from wars and various internal conflicts. Wealthy countries may be those with the greatest supplies of natural resources.




__ 1. in Southeast Asia, a temple

__ 2. in rural areas of Indonesia and Malaysia, a large, elevated building where people from several related families live

__ 3. method of dyeing cloth to produce beautiful patterns, developed in Indonesia and Malaysia

A. wat

B. batik

C. longhouse


C

B

A




Critical Thinking

Making Generalizations What cultural features reflect Southeast Asia’s ethnic diversity?


Diverse languages, multiple ethnic groups, several religions, and arts and celebrations reflect Southeast Asia’s ethnic diversity.




Critical Thinking

Problem Solving How might a new art museum ensure that it reflects Southeast Asia’s culture?

Possible answer: A new art museum would have to develop a list of the diverse groups that need to be represented, and organize revolving exhibits to represent various groups.




Comparing and Contrasting How might standards of living differ between rural and urban Southeast Asia?

Critical Thinking

In urban areas standards of living are determined by tremendous population growth and economic change, a variety of residential areas based on social/economic status, and overcrowding. In rural areas standards of living include maintaining traditional ways and less use of running water or electricity.



Analyzing Maps

Location Look at the map of Southeast Asia’s religions on the right. In which country is Christianity the predominant religion?


Christianity is the predominant religion in the Philippines.



Applying Geography

Diversity Trace the spread of foreign influences in Southeast Asia. How have these influences shaped Southeast Asian life and culture?


Possible answer: Hindu and Muslim traders, Chinese contacts, and Western colonization brought diversity to Southeast Asia.



Close

Reread “A Geographic View” about Thailand on page 748 of your textbook. Select another Southeast Asian country and write a paragraph about the culture and lifestyles found there. Use the feature on page 748 of your textbook as a model.



Section 1: Population Patterns (pages 735–739)

• Southeast Asia has a diversity of ethnic and cultural groups.

Key Points


• Most Southeast Asians live either in river valley lowlands or on coastal plains.

• Southeast Asian cities are growing rapidly as a result of migration from rural to urban areas.

• Since the 1970s, large numbers of Southeast Asians have migrated to escape political oppression and economic distress.



Section 2: History and Government (pages 740–745)

• Southeast Asia’s early empires and kingdoms controlled shipping and trade that linked East Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia.


Key Points

• European countries colonized all of Southeast Asia except Thailand (Siam). All of the region’s countries are now independent.

• During the late 1900s, political conflict between communist and noncommunist forces divided much of Southeast Asia.



Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles (pages 748–753)

• Southeast Asian culture reflects the ways of life of peoples who migrated from other regions as well as those of indigenous peoples.


Key Points

• Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam greatly influenced Southeast Asian art, architecture, drama, and celebrations.

• In spite of rapid population growth, Southeast Asia’s economic development has led to many improvements in the region’s quality of life.




Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences.

buffer state longhouse maritime

primate city wats spheres of influence

1. Kuala Lumpur is Malaysia’s __________________.

2. A(n) __________________ often houses a large, extended family.

3. Western countries set up __________________ in Southeast Asia.

4. Southeast Asian __________________, or seafaring, empires controlled shipping and trade.

primate city

longhouse

spheres of influence

maritime




Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences.

buffer state longhouse maritime

primate city wats spheres of influence

5. Southeast Asian architecture includes __________________, or temples inspired by India.

6. A neutral territory called a(n) __________________ can prevent conflict between rival powers.

wats

buffer state




What geographic factors influence where Southeast Asians live?

Reviewing Facts Section 1: Population Patterns

Rready water supply, fertile land, adequate transportation, and job availability influence where Southeast Asians live.




Describe the characteristics of the region’s urban and rural populations.

Reviewing Facts Section 1: Population Patterns

There is rapid urbanization and increasing urban population with a decreasing rural population in the region.




Why did the early Southeast Asian kingdoms prosper?

Reviewing Facts

Maritime empires controlled shipping and trade on key waterways. Land-based empires acquired power and wealth from farming on fertile soil.

Section 2: History and Government




How did colonization by Western countries affect the region?

Reviewing Facts

Colonization brought cultural diversity, modern transportation systems, improved harbors, expanded mining and oil drilling, development of large plantations, and migrant workers.

Section 2: History and Government




What foreign influences can be seen in Southeast Asia’s arts?

Reviewing Facts Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chinese, Indian, and European literature, art, and architecture, Indian epics, and western styles of life can be seen in Southeast Asia’s arts.




How has the quality of life in Southeast Asia improved?

Reviewing Facts

There is an increased per capita income, increased life expectancy, increased infant survival rates, and higher literacy rates.

Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles




Critical Thinking

Making Generalizations Why are small farms unable to compete with plantations?

Small farms cannot grow large quantities for sale, and they lack the resources of plantations.



Critical Thinking

Problem Solving Identify Southeast Asia’s greatest challenge, and propose a solution.




Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of Southeast Asia.

__1. Cambodia

__2. Bangkok

__3. Hanoi

__4. Strait of Malacca

__5. Gulf of Thailand

__6. Manila

__7. Sumatra

__8. Kuala Lumpur

__9. Indian Ocean

__10. South China Sea

F

C

I

B

G

H

J

D

E

A




What cultural impact did the different peoples migrating to or colonizing Southeast Asia have on the region?

Southeast Asia has been greatly influenced by people from China, India, and the West. The Chinese brought much of their own culture including business skills and styles of dress. The Indians brought their culture and religion. Westerners brought culture, religion, and forms of education and government.



Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.

Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://geography.glencoe.com

Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice questions. If you have trouble answering the questions, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices.

1. Which countries’ cultures most influenced Southeast Asia’s religions?

A Japan and Korea

B China and the United States

C India and China

D Arabia and India


Test-Taking Tip Think about what major religions are practiced in Southeast Asia. The answer that includes the cultures where those religions originated probably is the correct answer.

2. Southeast Asia is a region of highly diverse cultures for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

F Trade and colonization from many regions spread new ideas.

G Diverse physical geography separated peoples who created their own traditions.

H High population density in many areas causes a variety of traditions.

J War and conquest by countries from outside the region forced changes in the culture.


Test-Taking Tip Consider how cultures from other world regions established a spice trade in Southeast Asia. Watch for key works such as except, not, and only that greatly affect what the question is asking. The question is asking for the exception. Therefore, answer choices that do reflect this important point of history can be eliminated.

The Sultan of Brunei, one of the world’s wealthiest individuals, spent $450 million to build the world’s largest palace at Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei’s capital. Oil and gas reserves account for the country’s high standard of living.

History Two reform-minded kings ruled Thailand (formerly known as Siam) between 1851 and 1910. Mongkut practiced religious tolerance and improved working conditions for his people. His son, Chulalongkorn, abolished slavery, instituted legal and financial reforms, built railroads, and created a modern postal service.

Balinese drama is almost entirely dance, and there is no outward change of scene. The actors/dancers perform formal hand gestures to show scene changes, and facial gestures give the audience clues as to the location of the action.

Understanding Cartograms

On most maps, land areas are drawn in proportion to their actual surface areas on the earth. A cartogram is a map in which size is based on some characteristic other than land area, such as population or economic factors.

Learning the Skill

A cartogram provides clear visual comparisons of the characteristic it measures. To read a cartogram, apply the following steps:


• Read the map title and key to identify the kind of information presented in the cartogram.

• Look for relationships among the countries. Determine which countries are largest and smallest.

• Compare the cartogram with a standard land-area map. Determine the degree of distortion of particular countries.


Learning the Skill


A cartogram provides clear visual comparisons of the characteristic it measures. To read a cartogram, apply the following steps:

• Study these relationships and comparisons. Identify the most important information presented in the cartogram.

Practicing the Skill

Use the cartogram on page 754 of your textbook to answer the following questions.

1. What data determine the relative sizes of countries on this cartogram?

2. What characteristics determine the color of the squares on this cartogram?

Population determines the relative sizes of countries.

Population growth rates determine the color of the squares.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answers.


Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer.



3. Compare the cartogram with the standard land-area map on page 721 of your textbook. How has the relative size of Singapore been changed on the cartogram? How would you explain this change?

Singapore is larger on the cartogram because of its high population.



4. From the information in this cartogram, would you expect Laos to have more squares than Vietnam in a cartogram based on 2010 data? Explain.


No; even with a higher growth rate, the population of Laos is so much smaller than that of Vietnam that the one percent difference in growth rate would not result in the population of Laos surpassing that of Vietnam over an 11-year period.




5. Suppose you want to compare the population densities of two countries in this region. Can this cartogram help you make this comparison? Explain.


No; population density is related to the number of people in a known area, such as so many people per square mile. The cartogram, alone, does not provide information on land area.



Maps

Southeast Asia: Kingdoms and Trade Routes, A.D. 100s–1300s

Foreign Colonies in Southeast Asia, 1914

Southeast Asia: Religions

Chart

Southeast Asia: Urban and Rural Growth (Selected Countries)

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.


Obeying the 1973 law passed by Congress, the U.S. military did not intervene in 1974 when North Vietnam violated the Paris Peace Accords. After the U.S. military failed to respond, the North Vietnamese began the campaign to capture Saigon in 1975.

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