Glacial Water Mass Geometry and the Distribution of d 13 C of S CO 2 in the Western Atlantic
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Glacial Water Mass Geometry and the Glacial Water Mass Geometry and the Distribution of Distribution of 1313C of C of COCO22 in the in the
Western AtlanticWestern Atlantic
William Curry
Delia Oppo
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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Shackleton (1977)
Fate of Fossil Fuel COFate of Fossil Fuel CO22 in the Ocean in the Ocean
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M12392
Atlantic 13C
Glacial = -1.2 ‰ PDB
Shackleton (1977)
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Y71-6-12MGY71-6-12MG
Pacific Pacific 1313CC
Same as AtlanticSame as Atlantic
During GlacialDuring Glacial
Shackleton (1977)
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NADW High Salinity – High 13C
AABW Low Salinity – Low 13C
Conservative MixingConservative Mixing
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NADW
GEOSECS
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NADW
Kroopnick (1985)
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Benthic ForaminiferaBenthic Foraminifera
13C of CO2 13C of CaCO3
Cibicidoides sp.Cibicides sp.Planulina sp.
Data sources:Duplessy et al., 1984
Curry and Lohmann, 1990Mackensen et al., 1993
McCorkle and Keigwin, 1994
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AAIWAAIW
UCPDWUCPDW
LCPDWLCPDW
NADWNADW
South AtlanticWater Masses
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Sedimentation Rates:
~ 10 cm kyr-1 above 1500 m
~ 5 cm kyr-1 below 2000 m
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Cibidicoides at Brazil MarginCibidicoides at Brazil Margin
Curry and Oppo (in press)
NADW
GNAIW
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North versus South AtlanticNorth versus South Atlantic
Curry and Oppo (in press)
GNAIWGNAIW
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Core locationsCore locations
New Brazil Margin Cores (Curry and Oppo)
New Blake Ridge Cores (Keigwin)
Curry and Oppo (in press)
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Curry and Oppo (in press)
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Curry and Oppo (in press)
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Curry and Oppo (in press)
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Curry and Oppo (in press)
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North versus South AtlanticNorth versus South Atlantic
Curry and Oppo (in press)
GNAIWGNAIW
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Mauritzen et al. (2002)
Vertical Mixing Along the MARVertical Mixing Along the MAR
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North versus South AtlanticNorth versus South Atlantic
Curry and Oppo (in press)
GNAIWGNAIW
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SummarySummary
• Carbon isotope tracers show the presence of three water masses a reduced volume and shoaling of NADW – GNAIW.
•GNAIW southward penetration to 26º S. Intermediate water mass northward penetration unconstrained by carbon isotopes.
• Bathymetric and meridional gradients in 13C much larger because of changes in end member water mass properties.
• Bathymetric gradients in 13C imply that lateral advection remained strong with respect to expected strong vertical mixing.
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What’s in the What’s in the 1818O Data?O Data?
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North versus South AtlanticNorth versus South Atlantic
Curry and Oppo (in press)
GNAIWGNAIW
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30 ºS to 30 ºN
T = 4 ºC
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1818O gradient at Constant DensityO gradient at Constant Density
0.6 permil
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Sea surface salinity distributions are determined in large part by E-P patterns
Global SSS and E-P distributions
Source: R.Schmitt,WHOISource: HydroBase2
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Large Scale Ocean CirculationLarge Scale Ocean Circulation
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Vema ChannelVema Channel
Curry and Lohmann (1982)
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Shackleton (1977)
Glacial Southern Ocean
13C slightly higher than
Atlantic and Pacific
(-0.9‰ > -1.2‰ PDB)
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Curry and Lohmann (1982)
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Curry and Lohmann (1982)
Bathymetric
Changes in 13C –
Decreased NADW