CENTRAL CABINET MINISTERS

S.No Name Portfolio

1. Shri Narendra Modi

Prime Minister and also in-charge of: Ministry of Personnel, Public

Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy;

Department of Space; and All important policy issues and all other

portfolios not allocated to any Minister.

2. Shri Raj Nath Singh Minister of Home Affairs.

3. Smt. Sushma SwarajMinister of External Affairs; and Minister of Overseas Indian

Affairs.

4. Shri Arun JaitleyMinister of Finance; Minister of Corporate Affairs; and Minister of

Information & Broadcasting.

5. Shri M. Venkaiah NaiduMinister of Urban Development; Minister of Housing and Urban

Poverty Alleviation; and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.

6.Shri Nitin Jairam

Gadkari

Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of

Shipping.

7. Shri Manohar Parrikar Defence

8. Shri Suresh Prabhu Railways

9.Shri D.V. Sadananda

GowdaLaw & Justice

10. Sushri Uma Bharati Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga

Rejuvenation.

11. Dr. Najma A. Heptulla Minister of Minority Affairs.

12. Shri Ramvilas Paswan Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.

13. Shri Kalraj Mishra Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

14. Smt. Maneka Sanjay

GandhiMinister of Women and Child Development.

15. Shri Ananthkumar Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

16.Shri Ravi Shankar

PrasadMinister of Communications and Information Technology

17.Shri Jagat Prakash

NaddaHealth and Family Welfare

18.Shri Ashok Gajapathi

Raju PusapatiMinister of Civil Aviation.

19. Shri Anant Geete Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

20.Smt. Harsimrat Kaur

BadalMinister of Food Processing Industries.

21. Shri Narendra Singh Minister of Mines; Minister of Steel;

22Shri Chaudhary Birender

Singh

Minister of Rural Development; Minister of Panchayati Raj;

Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation

23. Shri Jual Oram Minister of Tribal Affairs.

24.Shri Radha Mohan

SinghMinister of Agriculture.

25. Shri Thaawar Chand

GehlotMinister of Social Justice and Empowerment.

26. Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani Minister of Human Resource Development.

27.  Dr. Harsh Vardhan Minister of Health and Family Welfare.

: : :WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA : : : 

S.No. Name Region

01Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary,

AssamAssam, India

02Manas Wild Life Sanctuary,

AssamAssam, India

03Mahabodhi Temple Complex at

Bodh Gaya, BiharBihar, India

04 Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi Delhi, India

05Qutb Minar and its

Monuments, DelhiDelhi, India

07 Churches and Convents of Goa Goa (Old Goa), Goa,India

08Champaner-Pavagadh

Archaeological Park, GujaratGujarat, India

09 Group of Monuments at Hampi Bellary District,Karnataka, India

10Group of Monuments at

PattadakalReal

11Buddhist Monuments at

Sanchi, Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh, India

12Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka,

Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh, India

13Khajuraho Group of

Monuments, Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh, India

14 Ajanta Caves Maharashtra,India

15 Ellora Caves Maharashtra,India

16 Elephanta Caves Maharashtra,India

17Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

(formerly Victoria Terminus)Maharashtra,India

18 Sun Temple, Konârak Puri District,Orissa, India

19 Keoladeo National Park Bharatpur,Rajasthan, India

20 Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Jaipur,Rajasthan, India

21 Great Living Chola Temples Brihadeeswarar temple,Gangaikonda

Cholapuram,Tamil Nadu,India

Airavateshwarar

Temple,Darasuram,Tamil Nadu,India

Brihadeeswarar

Temple,Thanjavur,Tamil Nadu,India

22Group of Monuments at

MahabalipuramMahabalipuram,Tamil Nadu,India

23 Agra Fort, Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh,India

24 Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh,India

25 Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh,India

26

Mountain Railways of India Darjeeling Himalayan

Railway ,Darjeeling, West Bengal

Nilgiri Mountain Railway Ooty, Tamil

Nadu

Kalka-Shimla Railway,Himachal

Pradesh India

27Nanda Devi and Valley of

Flowers National ParksChamoli District,Uttarakhand,India

28 Sundarbans National Park Bangladesh,West Bengal(India)

29Western Ghats Agasthyamalai Sub-Cluster

Periyar Sub-Cluster

Anamalai Sub-Cluster

Nilgiri Sub-Cluster

Talakaveri Sub-Cluster (five

properties)

Kudremukh Sub-Cluster (five

properties)

Sahyadri Sub-Cluster

30 Hill Forts of Rajasthan Chittorgarh

Kumbhalgarh

Ranthambhore

Amber Sub-Cluster

Jaisalmer

Gagron

31Rani ki vav(The Queen's

Stepwell)Patan, Gujarat,India

32 Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh, India

: : :CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS : : : 

Aryabhatta Research Institute of

Observational SciencesNainital

Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow

Central Electronics Engineering Research

InstitutePilani

Central Food Technological Research

InstituteMysore

Central Glass and Ceramic Research

Institute (CGCRI)Kolkata

Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur

Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai

Central Research Institute for Dryland

AgricultureHyderabad

Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Avikanagar

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute New Delhi

Fluid Control Research Institute Kanjikode

Harish Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad

Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) New Delhi

Indian Institute of Forestry Research and

Education

Dehradun, Shimla, Ranchi,

Jorhat, Jabalpur, Jodhpur

Indian Institute of Pulses Research Kanpur

Indian Institute of Science Education and

Research (IISER)

Kolkata, Pune, Mohali, Bhopal,

Thiruvananthpuram

Indian Institute of Spices Research Kozhikode

Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow

Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums

(Indian Lac Research Institute)Ranchi

National Institute Of Technical Teachers

Training and ResearchChennai

Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bareilly

Indira Gandhi Institute of Development

ResearchMumbai

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

(IGCAR)Kalpakkam

Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) Gandhinagar

Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced

Scientific Research (JNCASR)Bangalore

National Academy of Agricultural Research

ManagementRajendranagar

National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) Lucknow

National Dairy Research Institute Karnal (Haryana)

National Environmental Engineering

Research InstituteNagpur

National Institute of Construction

Management and ResearchMumbai

National Institute of Science Education and

Research (NISER)Bhubaneswar

Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Ahmedabad

Raman Research Institute (RRI) Bangalore

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

(TIFR)Mumbai, Hyderabad

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

(IIBR)Goa

: : : INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCES : : : 

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an

organisation of South Asian nations, which was established on 8 December

1985 when the government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,

Pakistan, and Sri Lanka formally adopted its charter providing for the

promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the

South Asia region and also for friendship and co-operation with other

developing countries. It is dedicated to economic, technological, social, and

cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance. Its seven founding

members are Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and

Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined the organisation in 2007.Meetings of heads of

state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice

annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Regional Centres

The SAARC Secretariat is supported by following Regional Centres established

in Member States to promote regional co-operation. These Centres are

managed by Governing Boards comprising representatives from all the

Member States, SAARC Secretary-General and the Ministry of

Foreign/External Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Centre

acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the

Programming Committee.

SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC), Dhaka

SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC), Dhaka

SAARC Tuberculosis Centre (STC), Kathmandu

SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC), New Delhi

SAARC Human Resources Development Centre (SHRDC), Islamabad

SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre (SCZMC), Maldives

SAARC Information Centre (SIC), Nepal

SAARC Energy Centre (SEC), Pakistan

SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC), India

SAARC Development Fund (SDF), Bhutan

SAARC Forestry Centre (SFC), Bhutan

SAARC Cultural Centre (SCC), Sri Lanka

BRICS

BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national

economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.The grouping was

originally known as "BRIC" before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The

BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they

are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant

influence on regional and global affairs; all five are G-20 members. As of

2013, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a

combined nominal GDP of US$16.039 trillion, and an estimated US$4 trillion

in combined foreign reserves.Presently, South Africa holds the chair of the

BRICS group. The BRICS have received both praise and criticism from

numerous quarters.

BRICS Development Bank

The BRICS Development Bank is a proposed development bank of the BRICS

nations. Its establishment was agreed to by BRICS leaders at the 2013 BRICS

summit held in Durban, South Africa on 27 March 2013. Among its goals is to

provide funding for infrastructure projects, and create a "Contingent Reserve

Arrangement" worth $100 billion which will help member countries counteract

future financial shocks.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a geo-political and economic

organisation of ten countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on

8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and

Thailand. Since then, membership has expanded to include Brunei, Burma

(Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Its aims include accelerating

economic growth, social progress, cultural development among its members,

protection of regional peace and stability, and opportunities for member

countries to discuss differences peacefully.

ASEAN covers a land area of 4.46 million km², which is 3% of the total land

area of Earth, and has a population of approximately 600 million people,

which is 8.8% of the world's population. The sea area of ASEAN is about three

times larger than its land counterpart. In 2011, its combined nominal GDP had

grown to more than US$ 2 trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank

as the eighth largest economy in the world.

Headquarters is at Jakarta, Indonesia.

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic

Cooperation(BIMSTEC)

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic

Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation involving a group of

countries in South Asia and South East Asia. These are: Bangladesh, India,

Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan and Nepal.

Background

On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok and

given the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic

Cooperation). Myanmar attended the inaugural June Meeting as an observer

and joined the organization as a full member at a Special Ministerial Meeting

held in Bangkok on 22 December 1997, upon which the name of the grouping

was changed to BIMST-EC. Nepal was granted observer status by the second

Ministerial Meeting in Dhaka in December 1998. Subsequently, full

membership has been granted to Nepal and Bhutan in 2004.

In the first Summit on 31 July 2004, leaders of the group agreed that the

name of the grouping should be known as BIMSTEC or the Bay of Bengal

Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.

Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)

The Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC) was established on November 10,

2000 at Vientiane at the First MGC Ministerial Meeting. It comprises six

member countries, namely India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and

Vietnam. They emphasised four areas of cooperation, which are tourism,

culture, education, and transportation linkage in order to be solid foundation

for future trade and investment cooperation in the region. The organization

takes its name from the Ganga and the Mekong, two large rivers in the

region.

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental

organization involving seven Asian and three Eurasian nations, part of the

South-central Asian Union. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve

development and promote trade, and investment opportunities. The ECO is

an ad hoc organization under the United Nations Charter (Chap. VIII). The

common objective is to establish a single market for goods and services,

much like the European Union. ECO's secretariat and cultural department are

located in Tehran, its economic bureau is in Turkey and its scientific bureau is

situated in Pakistan. The organization's population is 416,046,863 and the

area is 8,620,697 km². The organization was founded by Turkey, Iran and

Pakistan. ECO's Charter was signed on 15 March 1995 in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation or SCO is a Eurasian political,

economic and military organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai

by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and

Uzbekistan. Except for Uzbekistan, the other countries had been members of

the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001,

the members renamed the organisation. Headquarters is in Beijing, China.

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf or Gulf Cooperation

Council (GCC)

The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG), also known

as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), is a political and economic union of

Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

In December 2011, Saudi Arabia proposed that the GCC deepen their

integration to form a confederation. Objections have been raised against the

proposal by the other countries.

There have been discussions regarding the future membership of Jordan,

Morocco, and Yemen

Headquartered at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)

The Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) is an intergovernmental organization

created in 2002 to promote Asian cooperation at a continental level and to

help integrate separate regional cooperation organizations such as ASEAN,

SAARC and the Gulf Cooperation Council.

History

It is the main objective of the former Thai Prime Minister to form the Asia

Cooperation Dialogue or the forerunner to the ASIAN UNION. The ACD's main

members states are Kuwait, Pakistan, Iran, Bahrain, Sri Lanka, Turkey,

Thailand, China and Japan, the so-called major nine ACD Nations. 

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an oil cartel

whose mission is to coordinate the policies of the oil-producing countries. The

goal is to secure a steady income to the member states and to secure supply

of oil to the consumers.

OPEC is an intergovernmental organization that was created at the Baghdad

Conference on September 10–14, 1960, by Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia

and Venezuela. Later it was joined by nine more governments: Libya, United

Arab Emirates, Qatar, Indonesia, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola, and

Gabon. OPEC was headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland before moving to

Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965.

OPEC was formed at a time when the international oil market was largely

separate from centrally planned economies, and was dominated by

multinational companies. OPEC's ‘Policy Statement' states that there is a right

of all countries to exercise sovereignty over their natural resources.

Headquarters is in Vienna, Austria.

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of states which are not formally

aligned with or against any major power bloc. As of 2012, the movement has

120 members and 17 observer countries.

The organization was founded in Belgrade in 1961, and was largely conceived

by India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru; Indonesia's first president,

Sukarno; Egypt's second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser; Ghana's first

president Kwame Nkrumah; and Yugoslavia's president, Josip Broz Tito. All

five leaders were prominent advocates of a middle course for states in the

Developing World between the Western and Eastern blocs in the Cold War.

The phrase itself was first used to represent the doctrine by Indian diplomat

Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon in 1953, at the United Nations.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty

which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of

collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in

response to an attack by any external party. NATO's headquarters are in

Brussels, Belgium, one of the 28 member states across North America and

Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An

additional 22 countries participate in NATO's "Partnership for Peace", with 15

other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. The combined

military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the world's

defence spending.

Headquarters at Brussels, Belgium.

Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations is an intergovernmental organisation of 53

member states that were mostly territories of the former British Empire. The

Commonwealth operates by intergovernmental consensus of the member

states, organised through the Commonwealth Secretariat, and non-

governmental organisations, organised through the Commonwealth

Foundation Headquarters at London, United Kingdom.

Group of 15 (G-15)

The Group of 15 (G-15) is an informal forum set up to foster cooperation and

provide input for other international groups, such as the World Trade

Organization and the Group of Eight. It was established at the Ninth Non-

Aligned Movement Summit Meeting in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in September

1989, and is composed of countries from Latin America, Africa, and Asia with

a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity. The G-15 focuses on

cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment, trade,

and technology. Membership has since expanded to 17 countries, but the

name has remained unchanged. Chile, Iran and Kenya have since joined the

Group of 15, whereas Yugoslavia is no longer part of the group; Peru, a

founding member-state, decided to leave the G-15 in 2011.

Membership :17

Algeria Argentina Brazil Chile Egypt IndiaIndonesia Iran Jamaica Kenya MalaysiaMexico Zimbabwe

Nigeria SenegalSri Lanka

Venezuela

Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

GROUP OF 24 (G24)

The Group of 24 (G24), a chapter of the G-77, was established in 1971 to

coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary

and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were

adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters.

The group, which is officially called the Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-

Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, is not an organ of

the International Monetary Fund, but the IMF provides secretariat services for

the Group. Its meetings usually take place twice a year, prior to the

International Monetary and Financial Committee and Development

Committee meetings, to enable developing country members to discuss

agenda items beforehand. Although membership in the G-24 is strictly limited

to 24 countries, any member of the G-77 can join discussions. China has been

a "special invitee" since the Gabon meetings of 1981.

Member states

AlgeriaArgentina

Brazil ColombiaDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Egypt EthiopiaGabon Ghana

Kenya Guatemala

India Iran Ivory Coast Lebanon MexicoNigeria Pakistan Peru Philippines South Africa

Sri Lanka Syria PeruTrinidad and Tobago

Venezuela

GROUP OF 77 (G77)

The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing

nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and

create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There

were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has

since expanded to 132 member countries.

India is a memeber state in G 77.

European Union (EU)

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 member

states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system

of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated

decisions by the member states. Institutions of the EU include the European

Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the

Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court

of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected

every five years by EU citizens. The EU's de facto capital is Brussels.

Member states

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia CyprusCzech Republic

Denmark

Estonia Finland France

Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy

LatviaLithuania

Luxembourg

MaltaNetherlands

Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia

Spain SwedenUnited Kingdom

   

Group of Eight (G 8)

The Group of Eight (G8) is a forum for the governments of eight of the world's

largest national economies as nominal GDP with higher HDI; not included are

India at 9th, Brazil at 7th and China at 2nd. The forum originated with a 1975

summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six

governments:France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan, the

United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six

or G6. The summit became known as the Group of Seven or G7 the following

year with the addition of Canada. The G7 is composed by the 7 developed

wealthiest countries on Earth (as national net wealth) and by the 7 developed

wealthiest countries on Earth by GDP, and it remains active despite the

creation of the G8. In 1997, Russia was added to the group which then

became known as the G8. The European Union is represented within the G8

but cannot host or chair summits.

G 8 Member States:

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and the

United States.

G-20 major economies

The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (also

known as the G-20, G20, and Group of Twenty) is a group of finance ministers

and central bank governors from 20 major economies: 19 countries plus the

European Union, which is represented by the President of the European

Council and by the European Central Bank. The G-20 heads of government or

heads of state have also periodically conferred at summits since their initial

meeting in 2008. Collectively, the G-20 economies account for approximately

86% of the gross world product (GWP), 80 percent of world trade (including

EU intra-trade), and twothirds of the world population.

Membership:

ArgentinaAustralia

Brazil Canada China

European Union

France Germany India Indonesia

Italy Japan Mexico Saudi Arabia

South AfricaSouth Korea

TurkeyUnited Kingdom

United States

: : :  WORLD ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR

HEADQUARTERS : : : 

  Organisation   Head quarters

1.International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (IBRD) (World Bank)- Washington

2. Amnesty International - London (England)

3. Asian Development Bank (ADB) - Manila (Philippines)

4.ASEAN (Assosiation of South-East Asian

Nations)- Jakarta (Indonesia)

5. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) - Brussels (Belgium)

6. African Union (AU) - Addis-Ababa (Ethopia)

7.International Committee of the Red Cross

(ICRC)- Geneva (Switzerland)

8. SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional - Kathmandu (Nepal)

Corporation)

9.United Nations Environment Programme

(UNEP)- Nairobi (kenya)

10

.INTERPOLE (International Police) - Lyons (France)

11

.

World Trade Organisation (WTO) (w.e.f. Jan 1,

1995)- Geneva

12

.Organisation of American States (OAS) - Washington D.C.

13

.ARAB LEAGUE (League of Arab States) - Cario (Egypt)

14

.COMECON - Minsk (Belarus)

15

.World Council of Churches (WCC) - Geneva

16

.European Energy Commission (EEC) - Geneva

17

.Economic Commission of Africa (ECA) - Addis-Ababa

18

.Economic Commission of West Asia (ECWA) - Baghdad

19

.

United Nations High Commission for

Refugees (UNHCR)- Geneva

20

.International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - Vienna (Austria)

21

.

United Nations Industrial Development

Organisation (UNIDO)- Vienna (Austria)

22

.

UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on

Trade and Development- Geneva

23

.WWF (World Wildlife Fund) - Gland (Switzerland)

24

.International Olympic Committee (IOC) - Lusane

25

.European Common Market (ECM) - Geneva

26

.

CHOGM (Common wealth Heads of

Governments Meet)- London

27

.

OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting

Countries)- Vienna

28

.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-

operation and Development- Paris

29

.CENTO (Central Treaty Organisation) - Ankara (Turkey)

30

.Commonwealth - London

31 European Economy Community (EEC) - Brussels

.

32

.Council of European - Strasbourg

33

.

European Space Research Organization

(ESRO)- Paris

34

.BENELUX Economic Union - Brussels

35

.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and

the Pacific (ESCAP)- Bankgkok (Thiland)

36

.Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) - Geneva

37

.

Economic Commission for Latin America and

the Carribbean- Santiago (Chile)

38

.

Economic and Social Commission for Western

Asia (ESCWA)- Jordan (Amman)

39

.ANZUS Council - Canberra (Australia)

40

.

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements

(UNCHS)- New york

41

.

United Nations International Children's

Emergency Fund (UNICEF)- New York

42

.

United Nations Fund for Population Activities

(UNDPA)- New York

43

.

United Nations Development Programme

(UNDP)- New York

44

.

United Nations Institute for Training and

Research (UNITAR)- New York

45

.United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) - New York

46

.

United Nations Research Institute for Social

Development (UNRISD)- Geneva

47

.World Food Programme (WFP) - Rome (Italy)

48

.Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) - Rome (Italy)

49

.

International Civil Aviation Organisation

(ICAO)- Montreal (Canada)

50

.

International Fund for Agricultural

Development (IFAD)- Rome

51

.International Labour Orgsanisation (ILO) - Geneva

52

.International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Washington

53

.International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Geneva

54 United Nations Educational, Scientific and - Paris

. Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

55

.Universal Postal Union (UPU) - Berne (Switzerland)

56

.World Health Organisation (WHO) - Geneva

57

.

World Intellectual Property Organisation

(WIPO)- Geneva

58

.World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) - Geneva

59

.Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) - London

60

.Woman Aid International - London

61

.European Free Trade Association (EFTA) - Geneva

62

.

Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting

Countries- Kuwait

63

.

Organisation of Economic Cooperation and

Development (OECD)- Paris

64

.Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) - Mecca

: : :  TYPES OF TAXES IN INDIA : : : 

TYPES OF TAXES IN INDIA

I. DIRECT TAXES :-These types of taxes are directly imposed & paid to Government of India. There has been a steady rise in the net Direct Tax collections in India over the years, which is healthy signal. Direct taxes, which are imposed by the Government of India, are:

 (1) Income Tax :-Income tax, this tax is mostly known to everyone. Every individual whose total income exceeds taxable limit has to pay income tax based on prevailing rates applicable time to time.

 (2) Capital Gains Tax :-Capital Gain tax as name suggests it is tax on gain in capital. If you sale property, shares, bonds & precious material etc. and earn profit on it within predefined time frame you are supposed to pay capital gain tax. The capital gain is the difference between the money received from selling the asset and the price paid for it.

 (3) Securities Transaction Tax :-A lot of people do not declare their profit and avoid paying capital gain tax, as government can only tax those profits, which have been declared by people. To fight with this situation Government has introduced STT (Securities Transaction Tax ) which is applicable on every transaction

done at stock exchange. That means if you buy or sell equity shares, derivative instruments, equity oriented Mutual Funds this tax is applicable.

 (4) Perquisite Tax :-Earlier to Perquisite Tax we had tax called FBT (Fringe Benefit Tax) which was abolished in 2009, this tax is on benefit given by employer to employee. E.g If your company provides you non-monetary benefits like car with driver, club membership, ESOP etc. All this benefit is taxable under perquisite Tax.

 (5) Corporate Tax :-Corporate Taxes are annual taxes payable on the income of a corporate operating in India. For the purpose of taxation companies in India are broadly classified into domestic companies and foreign companies.

 II. INDIRECT TAXES :- (6) Sales Tax :-

Sales tax charged on the sales of movable goods. Sale tax on Inter State sale is charged by Union Government, while sales tax on intra-State sale (sale within State) (now termed as VAT) is charged by State Government.

 (7) Service Tax :- Most of the paid services you take you have to pay service tax on those services. This tax is called service tax. Over the past few years, service tax been expanded to cover new services.

 (8) Value Added Tax :-The Sales Tax is the most important source of revenue of the state governments; every state has their respective Sales Tax Act. The tax

rates are also different for respective states. (9) Custom duty & Octroi (On Goods) :-

Custom Duty is a type of indirect tax charged on goods imported into India. One has to pay this duty , on goods that are imported from a foreign country into India. This duty is often payable at the port of entry (like the airport). This duty rate varies based on nature of items.

 (10) Excise Duty :-An excise or excise duty is a type of tax charged on goods produced within the country. This is opposite to custom duty which is charged on bringing goods from outside of country. Another name of this tax is CENVAT (Central Value Added Tax).

 (11) Anti Dumping Duty :-Dumping is said to occur when the goods are exported by a country to another country at a price lower than its normal value. This is an unfair trade practice which can have a distortive effect on international trade. In order to rectify this situation Central Govt. imposes an anti dumping duty not exceeding the margin of dumping in relation to such goods.

 III. OTHER TAXES :- (12) Professional Tax :-

If you are earning professional you need to pay professional tax. Professional tax is imposed by respective Municipal Corporations. Most of the States in India charge this tax.

 (13) Dividend distribution Tax :-Dividend distribution tax is the tax imposed by the Indian Government on companies according to the dividend paid to a company’s investors.

Dividend amount to investor is tax free. At present dividend distribution tax is 15%.

 (14) Municipal Tax :-Municipal Corporation in every city imposed tax in terms of property tax. Owner of every property has to pay this tax. This tax rate varies in every city.

 (15) Entertainment Tax :-Tax is also applicable on Entertainment; this tax is imposed by state government on every financial transaction that is related to entertainment such as movie tickets, major commercial shows exhibition, broadcasting service, DTH service and cable service.

 (16) Stamp Duty, Registration Fees, Transfer Tax :- If you decide to purchase property than in addition to cost paid to seller. You must consider additional cost to transfer that property on your name.

 (17) Education Cess , Surcharge :-Education cess is deducted and used for Education of poor people in INDIA. All taxes in India are subject to an education cess, which is 3% of the total tax payable. The education cess is mainly applicable on Income tax, excise duty and service tax.

 (18) Gift Tax :-If you receive gift from someone it is clubbed with your income and you need to pay tax on it. This tax is called as gift tax.

 (19) Wealth Tax :-Wealth tax is a direct tax, which is charged on the net wealth of the assessee. Wealth tax is chargeable in respect of Net wealth

corresponding to Valuation date.Net wealth means all assets less loans taken to acquire those assets. Wealth tax is 1% on net wealth exceeding 30 Lakhs (Rs 3,000,000). So if you have more money, assets you are liable to pay tax.

 (20) Toll Tax :-At some of places you need to pay tax in order to use infrastructure (road, bridge etc.) build from your money given to government as Tax. This tax is called as toll tax. This tax amount is very small amount but, to be paid for maintenance work and good up keeping.

POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

Nuclear power in India        Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity. As of 2012, India has 20 nuclear reactors in operation in six nuclear power plants, generating 4,780 MW while seven other reactors are under construction and are expected to generate an additional 5,300 MW. In October 2010, India drew up "an ambitious plan to reach a nuclear power capacity of 63,000 MW in 2032", but, after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, "populations around proposed Indian NPP sites have launched protests, raising questions about atomic energy as a clean and safe alternative to fossil fuels". There have been mass protests against the French-backed 9900 MW Jaitapur Nuclear Power

Project in Maharashtra and the Russian-backed 2000 MW Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu. The state government of West Bengal state has also refused permission to a proposed 6000 MW facility near the town of Haripur that intended to host six Russian reactors.Nuclear power plantsCurrently, twenty nuclear power reactors produce 4,780.00 MW (2.9% of total installed base)

Power station State

Kaiga Karnataka

Kakrapar Gujarat

Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu

Narora Uttar Pradesh

Rawatbhata Kota Rajasthan

Tarapur Maharashtra

Kudankulam Tamil Nadu

The projects under construction

are:

Power station State

Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu

Kakrapar Gujarat

Rawatbhata Rajasthan

HYDRO POWER PLANTS :  1. Tehri Dam: on Bhagirathi River, Uttarakhand with Installed

capacity: 1,000 MW.

 2. Bhakra nangal Dam: on Sutlej River, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh with In stalled capacity: 1325 MW. 3. Hirakud Dam: On Mahanadi River, Orissa with the Installed

capacity: 307.5 MW. 4. Nagarjuna sagar Dam: on Krishna River, Andhra Pradesh with

Installed capacity: 816 MW. 5. Sardar Sarovar Dam: on Narmada River, Gujarat with Installed

capacity: 1,450 MW.WIND POWER PLANTS : Muppandal wind farm - Tamilnadu Vankusawade Wind Park - Maharashtra Vankusawade Wind Park - Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Wind Farm - Madhya pradesh Kanjikode Wind Farm - Kerala

THERMAL POWER PLANTS : Vindyachal power plant - Madhya pradesh Talcher power plant - Orissa Ramagundam power plant - Andhra pradesh Korba power plant - Chhattisgarh Dadri power plant - UP Singrauli power plant - MP Farakka power plant - West Bengal

: : :  REVOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE IN

INDIA : : : 

Green Revolution in India

       An increase in food production, especially in underdeveloped and

developing nations, through the introduction of high-yield crop varieties and

application of modern agricultural techniques. The introduction of high-

yielding varieties of seeds and the increased use of chemical fertilizers and

irrigation are known collectively as the Green Revolution, which provided the

increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains,

thus improving agriculture in India. High-yielding wheat was first introduced

to India in 1968 by American agronomist Norman Borlaug. Borlaug has been

hailed as the Father of the Green Revolution but M.S. Swaminathan is known

as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India". The methods adopted

included the use of high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds.

      The production of wheat has produced the best results in fueling self-

sufficiency of India. Along with high yielding seeds and irrigation facilities, the

enthusiasm of farmers mobilized the idea of agricultural revolution and is also

credited to M. S. Swaminathan and his team had contributed towards the

success of green revolution. Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and

fertilizers there were many negative effects on the soil and the land such as

land degradation.

* Black Revolution - Petroleum Production : 1970

* Blue Revolution - Fish Production : 1960 Father of Blue revolution

Prof :Hiralal Chaudhuri.

* Brown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional/Cocoa production

* Golden Fiber Revolution - Jute Production

* Golden Revolution - Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey

Production

* Green Revolution - Food grains : Father of Green Revolution M.S.

Swaminadhan.

* Grey Revolution - Fertilizer : 1964

* Pink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical/Prawn production

* Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production

* Round Revolution - Potato

* Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton

* Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Productio

* White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) - Milk/Dairy production : 1970

Father of White revolution Dr. Verghese Kurien

* Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds production : Father of Yellow Revolution Sam

Pit Roda

* Evergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture.

: : :SPORTS - TROPHIES - RELATED TERMS : : : 

Sport Trophies Related Terms

Badminto

n

Thomas Cup, Uber Cup, Narang Cup,

Agarwal Cup, Sudirman Cup,

Challenge Cup, Konica Cup,Yonex

Cup

Drop, Deuce, Smash, Love,

Double fault, Touch, Base

Line,Backcourt, Bird, Carry,

Clear, Center Line, Court,

Drive, Kill, Rally

Base ball

Commissioner’s Trophy

Warren C. Giles Trophy

William Harridge Trophy

Perfect game, Home,

Pitcher, Put out, Strike

Basket B.C. Gupta Trophy, Todd Memorial Block, Dribble,

ball Trophy, William Jones Cup Pivot,Dunk,Free throw

Billiards

&

Snooker

Walker Trophy, Thomas CupCue, Canon, Long Jenny,

Short Jenny,. Frame In-off

Boxing Federations Cup, Val Baker TrophyRounds, Knock Out, Jab,

Hook, Punch, Count Down

Bridge Holkar Cup, Rana Gold Cup Rubber, Trump, Little Slam

Chess Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy

Move, Checkmate, Knight,

Pawn, FIDE, Gambit, Double

Check, Promotion,

Grandmaster,Attack

Cricket

Deodar Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Vijay

Hazare Trophy, Ashes Trophy,

Duleep Trophy, Titan Cup, Merchant

Trophy, Sahara Cup, C. K Nayadu

Trophy ,Singer Cup, Wisden Trophy

Hat-trick, Maiden, Follow-on,

Gully, Yorker, Bouncer, Pull,

Googly, Hook Fick, Stumped,

Duck, LBW, Pitch

Foot Ball

Durand Cup, Merdica Cup, Santhosh

Trophy, Subratho Cup, Rovers Cup,

Federation Cup/Fed Cup, Nehru Cup,

B.C. Roy Trophy, DCM Cup, Gold

Cup, Governor's Cup, Independence

Day Cup, Indira Gandhi Trophy,COPA

Cup

Goal, Corner-Kick, Free-Kick,

Red Card, Yellow Card, Foul,

Trapping, Heading, Penalty,

Pass, Forward, Dribble, Half,

Give and Go

Golf Rider Cup, Walker Cup, Canada Cup

Course, Links, Tee, Niblic,

Hole, Eagle, Par, Put, Club,

Iron,Rough

Hockey

Agakhan Cup, RangaSwamy Cup,

Muragappa Gold Cup, Dhyanchand

Trophy,Guru Nanak Cup

Centre, Penalty-Stroke,

Sjick, Push-in, Carry, Touch-

line, Penalty Box

Lawn

Tennis

Australian Open, French Open,

Wimbledon Open, US Open, Davis

Cup, Hopman Cup

Smash, Serve, Set, Deuce,

Ace, Slice, Backhand,

Forehand, Grand-Slam,

Love, Lab

Table

TennisCorbillion Cup, Uthant Cup

Smash, Drop, Deuce, Spin,

Let, Service