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Chapter 99Managing StressManaging Stress

and Workand Work--LifeLife

BalanceBalance

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Chapter Objectives

Describe how the experience of stress is

based on employees perceptions and

influenced by individual differences Appreciate the fact that stress can have

both positive and negative consequences

for employees and their organizations

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Chapter Objectives

Be aware of stressors that can arise from

employees personal lives, their jobs, their

work groups and organizations, the pursuitof work-life balance, and uncertainty in the

wider environment

Describe problem-focused and emotion-

focused coping strategies for individuals

Describe problem-focused and emotion-

focused coping strategies for organizations

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Opening Case:

Doing More With Less

Is work stress out of control?

Mounting levels of stress for employees

Challenging economy

Layoffs

Global uncertainty

Fear of terrorism Corporate scandal

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What is Stress?

The experience of

opportunities or

threats that peopleperceive as important

and also perceive they

might not be able to

handle or deal witheffectively

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Individual Differences and Stress

Personality Ability

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Personality and Stress

Neuroticism

Extraversion

Openness to Experience

Self-Esteem

Type A

Locus of Control

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Consequences of Stress

PhysiologicalConsequences

Behavioral

Consequences

Psychological

Consequences

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Signs of Burnout

Feelings of

low personal accomplishment

Emotional exhaustion

depersonalization

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Figure 9.1 A Stress Quiz

Conditions at work are unpleasant or even unsafe.

I feel that my job is making me physically oremotionally sick

I have too much work or too many unreasonabledeadlines.

I cant express my opinions or feelings about my jobto my boss.

My work interferes with my family or personal life.

I have no control over my life at work. My good performance goes unrecognized and

unrewarded.

My talents are underutilized at work.

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Figure 9.2 An Inverted U Relationship

Between Stress and Performance

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Sources of Stress

Job

Responsibilities

Personal Life

Membership in

Groups

Work-Life BalanceEnvironmental

Uncertainty

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Job-Related Stressors

Role conflict

Role ambiguity

Overload

Underload

Challenging assignments

Economic well-being and job security

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Group and Organization-Related

Stressors

Cultural differences

Uncomfortable working conditions

Unsafe working conditions

Mergers and acquisitions

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Work-Life Balance

Elder care

Child care

Value conflict

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Environmental Uncertainty

Global instability

Aftermath of war and terrorism

SARS

Corporate scandals

Exposure to toxins

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Nonfunctional Coping Strategies

Eating

Drinking

Taking drugs

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Coping Strategies for Organizations

Problem- focused

Job redesign

Job rotation Reduction ofuncertainty

Job security

Company day care

Flextime/ jobsharing

Telecommuting

Emotion-focused

On-site exercisefacilities

Organizationalsupport

Employeeassistance

programs Personal days/

Sabbaticals