GIS intro.ppt
Transcript of GIS intro.ppt
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
1/20
What is a GIS?
A GIS combines the geography and cartography
of paper maps with the power of a database.
A GIS as such is a program set up for the
creation, analyzing, displaying, manipulation,
and mapping of geographic features andinformation
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
2/20
What is GIS ?
A collection of computer hardware, software,
and geographic data for capturing, storing,
updating, manipulating, analyzing, and
displaying all forms of geographically
referenced information.
By ESRI
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
3/20
What is GIS ?
A method tovisualize, manipulate, analyze, and
display spatial data
Smart Maps linking adatabase to the map
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
4/20
Why Use GIS?
GIS can integrate and relate any data with a
spatial component, regardless of the source
of the dataa edit, query, analyze, and display map
information on the computer
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
5/20
GIS: historical background
This technology has developed from:
Digital cartography and CAD
Data Base Management Systems
1
2
3
ATTRIBID X,Y
1
2
3
ID
1
2
3
CAD System Data Base Management System
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
6/20
GIS components
Specific applications /
decision making objectives
?
G I
S
Spatial
data
Computer hardware /
software tools
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
7/20
Databases & GIS
At a simple level a
GIS may just form
the graphicalinterface to a
database
The majority of GISapplications follow
this example Linked database table
Spatial data
SQL Query Manager
MapInfo
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
8/20
Digital
Mapping
Photo-grammetry
ComputerAided
Design
Surveying
Remote
Sensing
Databases
GIS
Cross-disciplinary nature of GIS
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
9/20
Geo-relational Data Models
Linked tables based on the relational model,
but storing geographical information such as:
Geometry
Topology
Attributes
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
10/20
What makes data spatial?
PlacenameGrid co-ordinate
Postcode
Distance & bearing
Description
Latitude / Longitude
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
11/20
Spatial Data: examples
Socio-economic data
Regional health data
Consumer / lifestyle profiles
Geodemographics
Environmental data
Topographic data
Thematic data, soils, geology
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
12/20
Spatial data storage models
Vector model
Raster model
point
1,6
2,5
5,4
4,1
7,105,9
4,7
6,6
8,6
9,8
line
polygon
2,2
5 10
5
10
as geometric objects:
points, lines, polygons
as image files
composed of grid-cells
(pixels)
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
13/20
Vector data
Land use parcels
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
14/20
Raster data
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
15/20
Who uses GIS?
Businesses,
Governments,
Educators and scientists, Environmental conservation organizations ,
Natural resource groups, and
Utilities benefit from using GIS.
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
16/20
Data Storage Formats
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
17/20
Why is GIS unique?
GIS handles SPATIAL information
Information referenced by its location in space
GIS makes connections between activities
based on spatial proximity
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
18/20
The benefits of GIS include:
Better information management
Higher quality analysis
Ability to carry out what if? scenarios
Improve project efficiency
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
19/20
GIS Applications
Facilities management
Marketing and retailing
Environmental Transport/vehicle routing
Health
Insuranceand many more . . .
MANsoft
-
7/27/2019 GIS intro.ppt
20/20
MANsoft
For any questions please contact
Pravin chavan