GIS intro.ppt

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    What is a GIS?

    A GIS combines the geography and cartography

    of paper maps with the power of a database.

    A GIS as such is a program set up for the

    creation, analyzing, displaying, manipulation,

    and mapping of geographic features andinformation

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    What is GIS ?

    A collection of computer hardware, software,

    and geographic data for capturing, storing,

    updating, manipulating, analyzing, and

    displaying all forms of geographically

    referenced information.

    By ESRI

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    What is GIS ?

    A method tovisualize, manipulate, analyze, and

    display spatial data

    Smart Maps linking adatabase to the map

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    Why Use GIS?

    GIS can integrate and relate any data with a

    spatial component, regardless of the source

    of the dataa edit, query, analyze, and display map

    information on the computer

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    GIS: historical background

    This technology has developed from:

    Digital cartography and CAD

    Data Base Management Systems

    1

    2

    3

    ATTRIBID X,Y

    1

    2

    3

    ID

    1

    2

    3

    CAD System Data Base Management System

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    GIS components

    Specific applications /

    decision making objectives

    ?

    G I

    S

    Spatial

    data

    Computer hardware /

    software tools

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    Databases & GIS

    At a simple level a

    GIS may just form

    the graphicalinterface to a

    database

    The majority of GISapplications follow

    this example Linked database table

    Spatial data

    SQL Query Manager

    MapInfo

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    Digital

    Mapping

    Photo-grammetry

    ComputerAided

    Design

    Surveying

    Remote

    Sensing

    Databases

    GIS

    Cross-disciplinary nature of GIS

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    Geo-relational Data Models

    Linked tables based on the relational model,

    but storing geographical information such as:

    Geometry

    Topology

    Attributes

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    What makes data spatial?

    PlacenameGrid co-ordinate

    Postcode

    Distance & bearing

    Description

    Latitude / Longitude

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    Spatial Data: examples

    Socio-economic data

    Regional health data

    Consumer / lifestyle profiles

    Geodemographics

    Environmental data

    Topographic data

    Thematic data, soils, geology

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    Spatial data storage models

    Vector model

    Raster model

    point

    1,6

    2,5

    5,4

    4,1

    7,105,9

    4,7

    6,6

    8,6

    9,8

    line

    polygon

    2,2

    5 10

    5

    10

    as geometric objects:

    points, lines, polygons

    as image files

    composed of grid-cells

    (pixels)

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    Vector data

    Land use parcels

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    Raster data

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    Who uses GIS?

    Businesses,

    Governments,

    Educators and scientists, Environmental conservation organizations ,

    Natural resource groups, and

    Utilities benefit from using GIS.

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    Data Storage Formats

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    Why is GIS unique?

    GIS handles SPATIAL information

    Information referenced by its location in space

    GIS makes connections between activities

    based on spatial proximity

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    The benefits of GIS include:

    Better information management

    Higher quality analysis

    Ability to carry out what if? scenarios

    Improve project efficiency

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    GIS Applications

    Facilities management

    Marketing and retailing

    Environmental Transport/vehicle routing

    Health

    Insuranceand many more . . .

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    For any questions please contact

    Pravin chavan

    [email protected]