GIS in Natural and Built Environments - Lecture 1
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Transcript of GIS in Natural and Built Environments - Lecture 1
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GIS IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS:
LECTURE 1
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OUTLINE
•Course and assessment
•What are the functions of GIS and GIS definition
•Brief history of GIS
•How does a GIS work?
•Complimentary disciplines
•Spatial and attribute data
The geographic method
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF GIS?
1. Data capture
2. Data compilation
3. Data storage
4. Manipulation
(eg. Coordinate
transformations, Projections
and Edge matching)
5. Analysis
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WHAT IS GIS?
GISGISPeople Data
Methods
Hardware
Software
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What is GIS continued•A GIS can be seen as a computer-based system to support data acquisition, management, manipulation, analysis, modelling and display of spatially-referenced data for addressing complex planning and management issues.
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What is GIS cont.
Definitions of GIS can be categorised according to the type of emphasis:
• GIS as a tool box
• GIS as an information science
• GIS as an approach to science.
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What is GIS cont.
•GIS is primarily a decision support tool. •It has the ability to integrate information and to assist in decision making and understanding. •All definitions include the essential features of spatial references and dataanalysis.
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF GIS
The first GIS, Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS) was created in the 1960s. Three important trends contributed to the development of GIS:
1. refinement of cartographic techniques 2. development of spatial analysis techniques – overlay concepts in land suitability analysis3. development of digital computer systems – microprocessor.
Recent developments include powerful computers, web-based developments and map servers, mobility
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HOW DOES A GIS WORK?
•Data is input into the GIS.•Through relational database management and query/analysis tools GIS allows multi criteria analysis of social, environmental and economic data across spatial and temporal scales.
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RELATED DISCIPLINES
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SPATIAL AND ATTRIBUTE DATA
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SPATIAL AND ATTRIBUTE DATA
continued
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SPATIAL AND ATTRIBUTE DATA cont.