GIS Basics
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Transcript of GIS Basics
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GIS Basics
Listening SessionsWisconsin Geographic Information Coordination Council (WIGICC)
CreditsBay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, City of Green Bay, ESRI, Google, Milwaukee Public Schools, US Census Bureau, USDA-FSA, USGS, University of Arizona, UWEX, UW-Fox Valley, WDATCP, WDNR, WGNHS
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Geography is…
Information about the earth’s surface and things on it (which we all share)
Framework for organizing data Science behind GIS
Geography matters to all of us!
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GIS is…
Geographic Information System
Technology to create, visualize, integrate, and analyze data from a geographic perspective
Automated tool for making maps
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GIS is…
Process for creating information relevant to decisions made by people and organizations
System that supports program and resource planning, inventory, management, and evaluation activities
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View, interpret and understand data in ways not possible with other tools!
A picture is worth…a thousand rows of data!
Dairy Farms
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GIS is used to…
Facilitate communication Promote coordination Solve problems Measure resources Make decisions Understand past and present situations Anticipate future scenarios
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GIS is a way to model our world!
EventsZoningStreetsUtilities
OwnershipNatural Resources
Real World
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The process of GIS…
Think about a place or topic… Ask a question about it… Make a map… Explore patterns that appear… Try different analyses… Ask a new question… Repeat…
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Maps that tell a story…
Where is ____? How many ____? Density of ____? What’s inside ____? What’s near ____? How has ____ changed? How do ____ relate? What if?
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Where is ____?
Find places and features Determine optimum routes
Calculate driving timeEfficiently plan site visitsDefine service areas
Find patterns See where to take action
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Where is ____?
All of us have used a map to figure out where “it” is and how to get there.
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Where is ____?
GIS helps us identify the best responder and best route in emergency situations.
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Where is ____?
Patterns emerge when you look at the distribution of features.
Earthquake hazard maps are essential for creating and updating building codes. earthquake.usgs.gov
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Where is ____?
Orthophotography helps us visualize where we are in relation to other features.
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How many ____?
Mapping the quantity of features by area helps usfind places that meet specific criteriasee relationships between places
More information than simply mapping the locations of features
Prioritize and manage actions based on the “most” or “least”
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How many ____?
U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder websitehttp://factfinder.census.gov
Percent of vacant housing units in Conover, WI
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Density of ____?
Map concentrations of features by location
Measure the number of features using a uniform area measurement unit to clearly see the distributionPer acre or square mile
Prioritize and manage actions based on density
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Density of ____?
Wisconsin DNRDeer Population Density
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What’s inside ____?
What's happening inside or outside an area
Prioritize and manage actions within an area
ExampleApply stiffer penalties to drug-related
arrests within 1,000 feet of a school
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What’s inside ____?
Green Bay city ordinance uses buffer zones around places where children are likely to congregate.
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What’s inside ____?
If you were moving to Milwaukee, WI, you might want to know which neighborhood your home falls within.
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What’s near ____?
Map what's located or occurring within a set distance of a feature
Prioritize and manage actions around a feature
ExampleIdentify and sample livestock within a
5-mile radius of an infected animal
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What’s near ____?
Find the closest ATM location to the restaurant you’re eating in before the bill arrives!
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What’s near ____?
Critical facilities exposed to flood risk in Sheboygan County, WI
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How has ____ changed?
Evaluate results of an action or policyGain insight into how things behave
over time Anticipate future needsMap conditions before and after an
action or event to see the impact Decide on a course of action based on
future considerations
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How has ____ changed?
Hudson
HUDSON
TROY
North Hudson
Hudson
HUDSON
TROY
North Hudson
Land cover change 1992 to 2001
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How do ____ relate?
Overlay and analyze data that can only be combined by location or areaIntegrate informationDevelop modelsSee in 3-D
Decide on a course of action based on spatial analyses
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How do ____ relate?
This groundwater contamination susceptibility model integrates:- Bedrock depth- Bedrock type- Soil characteristics- Surface deposits- Water table depth
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What if?
Integrate data from different sources to develop “what if” scenarios
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What if?
What if the Greenland Ice Sheet melts?
Red areas of southern Florida are susceptible to a five-meter rise of sea
level, based on elevation. Yellow denotes urban areas.
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GIS Coordination
Cross-jurisdictional and cross-functional sharing of data is crucial, especially in emergency situations Does the data exist?Who has it?How can I access it?How useful is it for my need (quality,
completeness, scale, age, attributes)?Can I easily integrate it with other data?
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GIS Coordination
Public expects and deserves efficient and effective services
Number of people using location-based technologies continues to increase (e.g., GIS, GPS, Web Maps)
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Questions?
Thanks for your
participation!