GIS-aided for marine conservation planning : Examination committee: Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (chairman)...

GIS-aided for marine conservation planning:

Examination committee: Examination committee: Dr. Rajendra Shrestha Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (chairman)(chairman)Dr. Wenresti Gallardo Dr. Wenresti Gallardo (member)(member)Dr. Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt Dr. Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt (member)(member)Dr. Hakan Berg Dr. Hakan Berg (member)(member)

Mai Ky VinhMai Ky Vinh

Case study in Phu Quoc island, VietnamCase study in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam

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• Introduction

• Study area

• Methodology

• Results and Discussion

• Conclusion & Recommendations

• Literature review

Outline

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• Seagrass • Coral reef • Marine resources• Dugong dugong

• Wetland & important role• Phu Quoc archipelago

Introduction - Background

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Introduction - Problem statement and Rationale

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Problem statement•PQ Marine ecosystem is PQ Marine ecosystem is degradeddegraded•PopulationPopulation•Fishing activitiesFishing activities•Zoning MPAZoning MPA•Conservation planningConservation planning•GIS databaseGIS database•MPA managementMPA management

Rational of study•PQMPA declaredPQMPA declared•There are many There are many proposed MPAs boundary proposed MPAs boundary •Zoning plan needsZoning plan needs•GIS dataGIS data•New situation MoFi New situation MoFi merged to MARDmerged to MARD

Introduction - ObjectivesObjectives

1: To establish a GIS database for PQ

2: To propose MPA boundary & zoning for PQMPA

3: To suggest the conservation measures

Overall objectiveOverall objective Suggest conservation measure for PQMPA including boundary selecting, zoning, and conservation measure.

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Specific objectivesSpecific objectives

2.1 Wetland, seagrass and coral reefs

2.2 Biodiversity and conservation

2.3 Marine Protected Areas (MPA)

2.4 Land evaluation

2.5 Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS

2.6 Decision, multi-criteria, Analytical Hierarchy Process

2.7 Social analysis

2.8 Institutional analysis and assessment

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Literature reviewLiterature review

Study AREA

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Phu Quoc – from the West

3.1 Selection of the study area3.2 Location of Phu Quoc Island3.3 Topography & geomorphology3.4 Geology and soil3.5 Climatic condition3.6 Hydrology3.7 Marine area around Phu Quoc3.8 Flora and fauna overview3.9 History and culture3.10 Socio-economic condition3.11 Tourism

Conceptual Framework of GIS-added

PQMPA conservation planning

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MethodologyMethodology

DATA ACQUISITION

CONSERVATION PLANNING

DATA AUTOMATION

DATABASE GENERATING

MPA SELECTION

GIS databaseLayers involving potential for marine conservation

Spatial Data Attribute Data

Secondary Data•GIS layers, RS dataReport, dataPolicy and programStakeholderPlanning development

MPA Management Objectives

GIS, RS, Processing, Digitizing & Input

PQMPA Spatial

Stakeholders

Socio-economic

Institutional

Data requirement

Primary DataHardcopy maps, GPSSemi-str. QuestionnaireObservation, SurveyLocal Mapping participationKey informants interviewMapping consultation

Literature review

Problem&objective setting

Site selection

Non-spatial databaseSocioeconomicStakeholder…

Maps, Tables, Figures, Texts

Weighting, scoring Zoning models

Conservation measures MPA selecting & zonning

Weighting Rating Scoring

Seminar, workshop, consultation mapping

• Procedure for selecting and suggesting conservation measure

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GIS/GPS/RS TechniqueLocal participatory mapping Expert consultation Workshop, Intweview the key informants Semi-structured interviews

Maps overlay & calculation techniques

Secondary Data

Primary Data

Criteria for MPA potential

Institutional analysis

MPA selecting/zoning

High potential Review, revise MPA

Stakeholder analysis

Socio-economic aspects

Suggest conservation measure

GIS database Weighting Rating Scoring

MethodologyMethodology

• Interview key informants

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MethodologyMethodology – – Data collectionData collection

• Field visit and observation

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• Local participatory mappingLocal participatory mapping•Fishermen, sea product merchants, Fishermen, sea product merchants, •Got informationGot information•Need to have crosscheckingNeed to have crosschecking

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• Workshop, seminarWorkshop, seminar

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TOOLS:•Camera •Scanner• Laptop• Color printer• GPS Receiver• Small boat • Motorbike• Compass• Digital camera• Voice recorder

Software

•ENVI 3.5& ERDAS 8.7•Map/info•ArcGIS 9.2 & ARC VIEW 3.3 •Microsoft Excel,• Mapsource

• Data collection• Secondary data

•Topographical maps•Satellite images•Ancillary data

•Primary data•Mapping data, Social data•Interview key informants•Field data (GPS/Field)

MethodologyMethodology Data collection, tools & materialsData collection, tools & materials

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No Mapping Layer Data sources Mapping method ScaleI Base map

1 Administrative Topographical map Scanning, do geometry, digitizing

1: 50,000

2 River, stream Topographical map 1: 50,000

3 Road Topographical map Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000

4 Contour Topographical map (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000

II Bio-geographical feature

1 Bathymetry Topographical map Spatial analysis 1: 50,000

2 Seabed slope Depth contour Spatial analysis 1: 50,000

3 Marine current Base map Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000

4 High productivity area Base map (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000

5 Distribution of seagrass NIO, UNEP Digital image processing and field check, diving survey 1: 50,000

6 Distribution of coral reefs NIO, UNEP Digital image processing and field check, diving survey 1: 50,000

7 Global threatened species Local people, KGDoFi, NIO, Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000

8 Distribution of marine resource Local people, KGDoFi Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000

9 Land use planning inland KG DARD PQNP, sub-FIPI Remote sensing and field check 1: 50,000

III Socio-economic

1 Population KG DoFiPQ DSO

Secondary data, Field workexpert consultation

1: 50,000

2 No. of catching unit KG DoFiCommunes data

Secondary data, Field workexpert consultation

1: 50,000

MethodologyMethodology Data preparationData preparation

• Land evaluation process: applied into marine evaluation / marine conservation planning - multi-criteria analysis

• Remote Sensing – enhancing satellite image

• GIS analysis • Spatial analysis, overlaying

layers, Buffering, DEM, modelling

• Data preparation, GIS database

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MethodologyMethodology Data AnalysisData Analysis

• Scoring by ranking and classifying each criteria into classes

• Weighting by rating

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MethodologyMethodology MPA selectingMPA selecting

ID Criteria/ Methods Layer/ Data source Unit

High potential (3)

Medium potential (2)

Low potential (1)

No potential (0)

1 Biogeographical criteriaLocal participate mappingExpert consultation (EC)

Bathymetry Depth contour

meter 0 to -5 -5 to -10 -10 to -20 -20 to - 100

Seabed slope averageDepth contour

degree 0 to 0.1 0.1 to 1.0 1.0 to 5.0 > 5.0

Marine currentLPM

Logic YesMarine current

No Marine current

High productivity areaLPM

Relative level

High productivity

Low productivity

2 Distribution of seagrassEC,

SeagrassNIO, RS&surveys

Relative important

High cover, species

Medium cover, species

Low cover, species

No seagrass

3 Distribution of coral reefsEC

Coral reefsNIO, RS&surveys

Logic High cover, species

Buffer 200m Buffer 400m No coral reefs

4 Global threatened speciesEC

Rare SpeciesLPM, KG DoFi

Relative abundance

Very abundance No abundance

5 Fishery resourcesEC

Fishery resourcesLPM, KG DoFi

Relative abundance

Very abundance No abundance

6 Land use planning inlandEC, GIS buffering

Inland planningKQ DARD, sub-FIPI

Relative potential

High potential conservation

No potential conservation

7 Socio-economic EC

Relative potential

High potential conservation

No potential conservation

Population density per 1km coastal line

Boats/ 1km

0-200 200-500 500-5000

Fishing boat density Unit 0-15 15-20 20-100

• Final score = ni=1 (weight of factor i) * (score of class)

• Reclassifying, mapping consultation, review and revise MPA – propose MPA selecting and zoning

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MethodologyMethodology MPA conservation planningMPA conservation planning

Socio-economic overview

Stakeholder Analysis

Institutional Analysis

Framework cons. programs

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1. GIS database1. GIS database -Identifying criteria-Identifying criteria

Key informantsWorkshopSeminar

IDCriteriaTheme

Sub-criteriaData source/

mapping method

1 Bio-geographical criteria

Seabed, Sea depth (Bathymetry), Currents, High Productivity Areas

Local participatory mapping; Topo map, Spatial analysis Expert consultation mapping

2 Coral reefs include relative importance in term of marine conservation

KG DoFi; NIO Local knowledge; PQMPA;

3 Seagrass relative importance in term of marine conservationspecies, density and biomass

KG DoFi; NIO; Local knowledge

4 Distribution of threatened species, nesting beaches

Dugong, dolphin, sea turtlerelative importance in term of marine conservation

KG DoFi, NIO, Local participatory mapping,Expert consultation mapping

5 Fishery resources relative abundance in term of marine conservation

KG DoFi, NIO, Local participatory mapping,Expert consultation mapping

6 Terrestrial planning forest and land-use planning FIPI, scientific knowledge

7 Socio-economic criteria

Population density per an unit of coastal length,

Statistical data, GIS analysis

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GIS databaseGIS database ResultsResults

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MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Identifying MPA goalsIdentifying MPA goals

WorkshopSeminar

ID PQMPA goalsAverage points

for goal

I BIOPHYSICAL goals

1 Sustain and/or protect marine resources 12.50

2 Protect biological diversity 11.75

3 Habitat protection 10.67

II SOCIO-ECONOMIC goals

1 Maintain or enhance food security 7.25

2 Maintain or improve livelihoods 9.00

3 Enhanced environmental awareness and knowledge 17.50

III MANAGEMENT goals

1 Effective management structures and strategies maintained 8.86

2 Effective legal structures and strategies maintained 9.20

3 effective stakeholder participation and representation 7.00

PQMPA Goals & Objectives

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MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Weighting by VotingWeighting by Voting

ID Name Office C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

1 Lê Văn Tính KGDoFi 5 30 30 15 10 5 5

2 Phạm Thống Nhất KGDoFi 7 25 25 20 7 10 6

3 Nguyễn Quốc Trường KG Fish P 15 19 19 14 11 5 17

4 Dương Minh Tâm PQ FPMB 15 10 15 20 20 10 10

5 Hồn Văn Phú PQNP 15 15 20 15 10 15 10

6 Nguyễn Văn Thuấn PQ MPA 8 25 20 15 15 8 9

…20 Nguyen Quoc Dung FIPI 5 20 20 5 10 15 25

Standard Error 0.88 1.08 0.93 0.94 0.63 0.97 1.20

Median 10 20 20 15 10 10 12.5

Standard Deviation 3.94 4.84 4.15 4.21 2.82 4.36 5.35

Confidence Level (95.0%) 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.5

Average weight (mean) 9.5 20.0 20.1 15.0 10.8 11.4 13.4

The weight of each criterion is decided by rating or scoring criteria weights by allocating 100 points among criteria

Seminar

Workshop

Priority ranking of criteria

Statistical

Analysis

Weighting for criteria

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•Overlaying Maps of 7 criteria•(Union, Intersect, Identity)•Mapping calculation•Data processing

MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Map overlay & calculationMap overlay & calculation

No Criteria Weight Note

1 Biogeographical 10 C1

2 Coral reefs 20 C2

3 Seagrass 20 C3

4 Key species 15 C4

5 Fisheries resources 11 C5

6 Inland planning 11 C6

7 Socio-economic 13 C7

Total 100

IMCP = 10* C1 + 20* C2 + 20* C3 + 15* C4 + 11* C5 + 11* C6 +13* C7

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Mappingconsultation

Review, revise MPA

Reclassifying

MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning MPA selectingMPA selectingMC

PotentialTotal Score

Area (ha) %

Low Potential 0-100 24028.3 33.8

Medium Potential

100-200 35029.7 49.3

High Potential

200-300 12010.6 16.9

Total 71068.5 100.0

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MPA MPA planningplanning LocationLocation

Area Area (ha)(ha) %%

Core zone Core zone –– seagrass seagrass protectionprotection

Coastal Bai Coastal Bai Thom, Bai Thom, Bai Bon Bon 2776.02776.0 16.116.1

RehabilitatioRehabilitation zone n zone –– seagrass seagrass protectionprotection

Bai Thom to Bai Thom to Mui Cay SaoMui Cay Sao 5416.55416.5 31.531.5

Core zone Core zone –– coral coral protectionprotection

Hon Gam Hon Gam Ghi, Hon Ghi, Hon Xuong, Hon Xuong, Hon Vong and Vong and Hon Mong Hon Mong TayTay 760.7760.7 4.44.4

RehabilitatioRehabilitation zone n zone –– coral coral protectionprotection

Hon Thom Hon Thom communecommune 8240.18240.1 47.947.9

TotalTotal 17193.217193.2 100.0100.0

MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Mapping MPA & statistical areaMapping MPA & statistical area

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Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning GenGen

Socio-economic overview(4 commune involving MPA)



Framework cons. programs

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Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Socio-economic overviewingSocio-economic overviewing

Socio-economic overview(4 commune involving MPA)

• Bai Thom

• An Thoi

• Hon Thom

• Ham Ninh

• Population, labors• Economic condition• Income• Livelihood• Fishing activities

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Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Stakeholder AnalysisStakeholder Analysis


Stakeholders Impacts

Secondary (MARD) +

FPD +

Kien Giang PPC +

KG DARD, DoFi, DOST, DONRE, FiPD +

Phu Quoc District PPC +

PQMPA Management Board +

PQ National Park +

PQ Forest Protection MB +

Commune PPC +/-

Red Cross Association +

Travel agencies and companies +/-

Schools +

NGOs DANIDA +

WWF +

Primary Farmers associations +

Youth unions +

Women’s unions +

Local credit funds for the poor +

Village leaders +

Tour guiders +/-

Teachers +

Fishermen -

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Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Institutional AnalysisInstitutional Analysis


Roles MARD/DARD/DoFI/PQNP, PQMPAStaffing capacity, Human resourcesFunding by province

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Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Proposed Framework cons. prgProposed Framework cons. prg

Framework cons. programs conservation and protection programme

Objectives: •To protect PQMPA’s resources•To implement and enforce MPA rules and regulations,

Activities:•Establishment of Zoning regulation •Preparation protection schedules for each zone•Enforcement of the rules and regulations.•Regular inspection and interviews •Implementation the patrolling and controlling activities to protect marine resources

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Framework cons. programs Scientific research programme

Objectives: •To enhance scientific knowledge and activities•To continue inventory and survey activities of seagrass and coral reefs •To monitor and assess the changes

Activities:•Field survey, Establishment studies of the range, habits and ecology of rare and endemic species •Application of new technology such as remote sensing, GIS, reef check, seagrass measurement•Cooperate with international, national institutes, NGO for study•Seminar, meeting, workshop, conference

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Framework cons. programs education and awareness programme

Objectives: •To reduce the negative impacts of tourism•To cooperate with DOET to do EE acts •To increase the awareness of people local people

Activities:•Evaluating and raising the awareness of local people on marine resource and environment •Education activities to increase the awareness•Training, mobilizing and increasing the awareness of local people on marine resource and environment

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Framework cons. programs communities participation programme

Objectives: •To find our the dependency of local people on marine resources.•To find alternative livelihood for local.•Mobilize the participation

Activities:•Supplying vocational training, eg. tourism•Offering the credit loans for economic dev.•Promotion aquaculture, maquaculture•Seeking alternative livelihood such as handcraft products

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ConclusionConclusion

1. The establishing of GIS dataset using GIS/RS/GPS, local participatory mapping, expert consultation and secondary data will be useful for later international study.2. The GIS dataset supplied the basic information for selecting and zoning MPA using multi-criteria analysis and GIS zoning model. The model is flexible in case we can add some more criteria and identify again the weights by ranking and rating. As the result, it would bring further positive impacts on conservation planning process.3. Socio-economic data, stakeholder analysis, institutional assessment together with GIS database will useful tools for conservation planning4. Four programmes were designed for MPA management. The main actor is PQMPA management board and involvement of NGOs and national research institutes. 5. The research proposed ways to improve the effective collaboration between PQMPA and the district and comune authorities in MPA conservation and development

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RecommendationsRecommendations

1. Potential analysis should be done with many scientists from different sectors.

2. Local participatory mapping is powerful tool in combination of local knowledge with GIS/GPS/RS. The satellite data brings the overview of study area. Meanwhile, local people could supply precious information of location of rare species and the distribution of marine habitat.

3. It will be better to have more involvement of stakeholders in mapping, zoning and conservation planning process

4. The use of multi-criteria analysis added GIS techniques should become standard operating procedures in the planning, zoning, and management for any MPA or PA in Vietnam.

5. It is high recommend to integrating between terrestrial/ forest conservation, coastal and marine conservation.

6. It needs to create the regulation for MPA as the basic for implementing conservation activities. Law enforcement.

• Examination Committee: – Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (Chairperson)– Dr. Wenresti Gallardo (member)– Dr. Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt (member)– Dr. Hakan Berg (member)

• SIDA, WAP, WWF Vietnam• PQMPA, KQDoFi, • AIT, SERD, International friends,• …

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GIS-aided for marine conservation planning : Examination committee: Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (chairman)...

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