GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems
description
Transcript of GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems
![Page 1: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems
University of Illinois Library
![Page 2: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Goals for today
• A Introduction to some of the things possible with GIS.
• Look at some maps.• Think about how GIS can be applied to your
own project.
![Page 3: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Other workshops in this series
• Library GIS 102 – ArcMap and census data: Practice creating maps, finding data, shape files and making presentation layouts
• Library GIS 103 – ArcMap: Importing images and giving them locations, creating shape files, shading areas of proximity.
![Page 4: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introductions
• Name• Department• A sentence about why you are here
![Page 5: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GIS = Geographic Information System
• A system to present information and analysis that has a geographic component.
• A system that uses maps and images to track any sort of information.
![Page 6: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A wide range of things can form a Geographic Information System
• GPS in cars• Maps• What are some others?
![Page 7: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is needed to make a GIS?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2179864672/
![Page 8: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A sextant, clock, compass, tables and maps make this a GIS.
Sextant gives latitude
Clock gives longitude
![Page 9: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Where people use GIS
• GPS in car for navigation• Google maps• Any map (electronic or paper)• Class projects• Geocaching
![Page 10: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Where people use GIS
• Genealogy – trace the routes of your ancestors
• Crime by location in a city• Weather and climate• Demographics and human interest• Districts and neighborhoods
![Page 11: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why might you use GIS?
• To answer questions.
In 1900, which U.S. counties had the ability to produce a traditional Thanksgiving dinner?
![Page 13: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What are some ideas you have for using GIS?
•
![Page 14: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Family Migration
http://www.jsenterprises.com/john/famhist/hockertimmigration.html
![Page 15: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Migration
• Many projects in History touch on migrations of people, ideas or items.
• Geographically related concepts can be visualized easier using a map.
• Maps can be drawn by hand, but having a computer re-draw it when you make a change can be very handy.
![Page 16: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stacy Maple’s story
• Studying the remains of New Mexico tribes and villages.
• He began to question if there was a relationship between the locations and environments of the sites.
• “He began plotting. Dot after dot, he placed each site onto an old United States Geological Survey topological map. But, again, he was left with dangling question marks. The points on paper did not suffice.”
http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/21/b/
![Page 17: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Stacy Maple’s story
• GIS software can calculate relationships between sets of points.
• He discovered that hunter-gatherer tribes were located in places with panoramic views where they could see the surrounding land
• Agricultural tribes did not restrict their location in that way
• “Everything is somewhere, and that somewhere matters” – Stacy Maples, Yale GIS specialist
http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/21/b/
![Page 18: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
William Rankin
• GIS can be used to visualize complex or abstract correlations between any type of information with a geographic component.
• “Deciding to learn GIS to make a single map would be kind of like saying you want to learn Excel to make one graph”- William Rankin, history professor
http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/21/b/
![Page 19: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
John Snow and Cholera
• He was a physician in 1850’s London.• In 1849 he publishing an essay stating that
diseases such as Black Death and cholera were not caused by bad air.
• In 1854 he created a map that showed the relationship between cholera and the public sources of water in Soho England.
• As a result, the local council deactivated the pump that was the source of cholera.
![Page 20: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Soho - 1854 map by John Snow
![Page 21: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Red Highlight for the cholera cases
![Page 22: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Make the circle size = # infected
![Page 23: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Add Blue for the water sources
![Page 24: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
GIS for interactive urban design
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbVNbwN5bIk&feature=player_embedded
![Page 25: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Larsen ‘C’ Ice Shelf
• Shows how the glacier has been shrinking
![Page 26: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bill Rankin’s Radical Cartography
• History professor at Yale• Interested in the relationship between
science and space.• http://www.yaledailynews.com/photos/galleri
es/2011/oct/21/radical-cartography/
• The following slides are from his gallery
![Page 27: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
All map projections have distortion
Making Europe look good warps the U.S.
![Page 35: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
We can make all latitudes straight
Gall Stereographic projection – stretches Canada
![Page 36: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Less distortion of area size creates curving latitude lines
NAD 1983- State Plane Colorado
![Page 37: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Strange Maps Blog
• Interesting maps and commentary. • http://bigthink.com/blogs/strange-maps
![Page 38: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Best US map (award winning)
• David Imus – 6000 hours of work• Careful selection of information included, font
size and word placement• http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebo
x/2012/01/the_best_american_wall_map_david_imus_the_essential_geography_of_the_united_states_of_america_.html
![Page 39: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Best US map (award winning)
• David Imus – 6000 hours of work• Careful selection of information included, font
size and word placement• http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebo
x/2012/01/the_best_american_wall_map_david_imus_the_essential_geography_of_the_united_states_of_america_.html
![Page 40: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CityEngine
• Build simulated cities. • Place the roads, pick some building styles and
the CityEngine fills in the rest.• http://www.esri.com/software/cityengine/de
mos.html
![Page 41: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
GIS time-lapse
• Pedestrians on a snowy sidewalk• http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnCh2xQnVLU
![Page 42: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Interactive Web GIS
• Historic aerial images of Florida• http://ags.scgov.net/aerials/
![Page 43: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Interactive Web GIS
• Google Map Maker• http://
www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=qyXTvj-Mm9k
![Page 44: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Interactive Web GIS
• Open Street Map• Public domain, created by volunteers• Anyone can add information to the map• http://www.openstreetmap.org/
![Page 45: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Interactive Web GIS
• Earthquakes – current data• Linked to USGS earthquake center• http://
help.arcgis.com/en/webapps/flexviewer/live/index.html
![Page 46: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Survey
• What did you like most about this workshop?• What would you like to see in the future?• What GIS skills would you like to learn?
![Page 47: GIS 101 – An introduction to Geographic Information Systems](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/56816651550346895dd9d052/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thank you
• Scholarly Commons for one-on-one consultation. http://www.library.illinois.edu/sc/
• ATLAS data services and GIS training http://www.atlas.illinois.edu/news/#article54373