Gim international february 2016
45
INTERNATIONAL THE GLOBAL MAGAZINE FOR GEOMATICS WWW.GIM-INTERNATIONAL.COM ISSUE 2 • VOLUME 30 • FEBRUARY 2016 Geomatics for Cultural Heritage Preservation 3D Recording, Documentation and Management 3D VISUALISATION OF GEODATA. GPS, GIS AND UAVS SUPPORT HUMANITARIAN AID. TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING IN FOREST INVENTORIES.
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Transcript of Gim international february 2016
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L
THE GLOBAL MAGAZINE FOR GEOMATICSWWW.GIM-INTERNATIONAL.COM
ISSUE 2 • VOLUME 30 • FEBRUARY 2016
Geomatics for Cultural Heritage Preservation3D Recording, Documentation and Management
3D VISUALISATION OF GEODATA.
GPS, GIS AND UAVS SUPPORT HUMANITARIAN AID.
TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING IN FOREST INVENTORIES.
GIM INTERNATIONAL - THE GLOBAL MAGAZINE FOR GEOMATICS FEBRUARY 2016
GIM BG Cover.indd 1 01-02-16 15:44
Leica ScanStation P30/40 Because every detail matters
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scanner data can be processed in the industry’s leading 3D
point cloud software suite, which consists of Leica Cyclone
stand-alone software, Leica CloudWorx plug-in tools for CAD
systems and the free Leica TruView.
Leica Geosystems AGHeerbrugg, Switzerland
scanstation.leica-geosystems.com
No
2930
Cover.indd 2 01-02-16 15:40
CONTENTS
ADVERTISERS INDEX
3 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
Get your back-issuesin the storewww.geomares.nl/store
REPORT PAGE 23Geomatics Helps Relief to Reach More RefugeesThe Role of GPS, GIS and UAVs in Humanitarian Aid
GIM PERSPECTIVES PAGE 313D Visualisation of GeodataGimmick, Hype or Necessity?
REPORT PAGE 33Strengthening CapacityGeospatial Technologies in the Land of a Thousand Hills
COMPANY’S VIEW PAGE 34Producing High-quality 3D Maps from LidarDIPPER
News & Opinion pageEditorial 5Insider’s View 6News 7
International organisations page FIG 37GSDI 37IAG 38ICA 39ISPRS 41
Other page Advertisers Index 3Agenda 42
INTERVIEW PAGE 10
Spatial Data Infrastructure in Chile is Mature and ExpandingGIM International interviews SNIT Executive Secretary Alvaro Monett
FEATURE PAGE 15
Reconstructing a Church in 3DCombining Terrestrial Lidar and UAS Photogrammetry into One Unified Model
FEATURE PAGE 19
Geomatics for Cultural Heritage Preservation3D Recording, Documentation and Management
Beijing UniStrong, www.unistrong.com 21
CHC, www.chcnav.com 22
ComNav Technology, www.comnavtech.com 14
FOIF, www.foif.com 36
Hi-Target Surveying, www.zhdgps.com 18
Kolida Instrument, www.kolidainstrument.com 36
Leica Geosystems, www.leica-geosystems.com 2
Microsurvey, www.microsurvey.com 40
Phase One, industrial.phaseone.com 28
RIEGL, www.riegl.com 8
Ruide, www.ruideinstrument.com 25
South Surveying, www.southinstrument.com 32
Spectra Precision, www.spectraprecision.com 30
Teledyne Optech, www.teledyneoptech.com 12
Texcel, www.texcelinstrument.com 42
TI Asahi, www.pentaxsurveying.com/en 4
TI Linertec, www.tilinertec.com 29
Trimble Geospatial, www.trimble.com 44
The cover of this edition shows an image from the Skeppsbron Project in Gothenburg, Sweden, where 3D is actively used as a foundation for involving citizens in participative city planning activities. Based on a solution from software company Agency9, a photorealistic citywide 3D model is used as the background for project models published on the MinStad web portal http://minstad.goteborg.se and in physical exhibits.
FEATURE PAGE 26
Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Forest InventoriesToward International Benchmarks
+ Integrated HDR camera allows combination of brilliant colours with high-resolution scan data
+ The fastest laser-scanner over 1 million points/second
+ Eyesafe laser class 1
+ IP53 dust & water resistance
Scanning System S-3180V3D laser measurement system
www.pentaxsurveying.com/en/
TI Asahi Co., Ltd.International Sales Department 4-3-4 Ueno Iwatsuki-Ku, Saitama-ShiSaitama, 339-0073 JapanTel.: +81-48-793-0118Fax: +81-48-793-0128E-mail: [email protected]
No
2951
2951.indd 1 15-01-16 16:39
5 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
EDITORIAL
Durk Haarsma, publishing director
Phot
ogra
phy:
Arie
Brui
nsm
a
DURK HAARSMA, PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
Linking geoinformation to real-world problems
– it is an inevitable trend we need to explore
in the interests of the future of our fi eld.
Coinciding with the publication of this issue
of GIM International, the inaugural edition of
our GIM International Summit is being held
in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
If you’re not able to attend this time, you can
rest assured we will bring you updates on the
keynotes and – importantly – the interactive
discussions during the Summit as well as the
outcomes via the GIM International website
and magazine in the future.
As I write this, we are putting the fi nishing
touches to the programme. One of the
workshops we’re organising, and I’m
particularly looking forward to, is on
migration. Migration is one of the most
pressing issues of our time. In the news we
see streams of migrants coming into Europe,
fl eeing from war-torn regions in the Middle
East. What we here in Europe are less aware
of is an ongoing stream of migrants – not
only fl eeing from war, but also poverty – from
Sub-Saharan Africa to the most southern tip
of the continent: the Republic of South Africa.
The ‘rainbow nation’ sees itself facing just as
many problems as Europe does. Meanwhile,
between parts of Asia and Australia, an
almost relentless throng of people are risking
their lives on the seas off northern Australia
in the hope of a better life. If one were to
visualise all these streams on a map, it
would look like a ball of yarn with each string
representing a fl ow of refugees. This issue
of GIM International touches on the role of
geomatics in providing support to refugees.
Keeping the Discussion Alive
PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Durk HaarsmaFINANCIAL DIRECTOR Meine van der BijlSENIOR EDITOR Dr Ir. Mathias LemmensCONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dr Ir. Christiaan Lemmen, Dr Rohan Bennett, Martin Kodde MSc, Ir. Danbi J. Lee, Frédérique Coumans, Ir. Sabine de MillianoEDITORIAL MANAGER Wim van WegenCOPY-EDITOR Lynn Radford, Englishproof.nlACCOUNT MANAGER Sybout WijmaMARKETING ASSISTANT Trea FledderusCIRCULATION MANAGER Adrian HollandDESIGN VRHL Content en Creatie, Alphen aan den Rijn, www.vrhl.nl
REGIONAL CORRESPONDENTSUlrich Boes (Bulgaria), Prof. Dr Alper Çabuk (Turkey), Papa Oumar Dieye (Niger), Dr Olajide Kufoniyi (Nigeria), Dr Dmitry Kurtener (Russia), Dr Jonathan Li (Canada), Dr Carlos Lopez (Uruguay), Dr B. Babu Madhavan (Japan), Dr Wilber Ottichilo (Kenya), Dr Carl Reed (USA), Dr Aniruddha Roy (India), Prof. Dr Heinz Rüther (South Africa), Dr Tania Maria Sausen (Brazil)
GIM INTERNATIONALGIM Inter na tion al, the global mag a zine for geo mat ics, is pub lished each month by Geomares Publishing. The mag azine and related e-newsletter pro vide top i cal over views and ac cu rate ly presents the lat est news in geo mat ics, all around the world. GIM Inter na tion al is or ien tat ed towards a pro fes sion al and man a ge ri al read er ship, those lead ing de ci sion mak ing, and has a world wide cir cu la tion.
PAID SUBSCRIPTIONS GIM International is available monthly on a subscription basis. The annual subscription rate for GIM International is €120 with. Subscription can commence at any time, by arrangement via our website or by contacting Abonnementen-land, a Dutch subscription administration company. Subscriptions are automatically renewed upon expiry, unless Abonnementenland receives written notification of cancellation at least 60 days before expiry date. Prices and conditions may be subject to change. For multi-year subscription rates or information on current paid subscriptions, contact Abonnementenland, Postbus 20, 1910 AA Uitgeest, Netherlands+31 (0)251-257926 (09.00-17.00 hrs, UTC +1)[email protected].
AD VER TISE MENTSIn for ma tion about ad ver tising and dead lines are avail able in the Me dia Plan ner. For more in for ma tion please con tact our account man ag er: [email protected].
ED I TO RI AL CON TRI BU TIONS All ma te ri al sub mit ted to Geomares Publishing and re lat ing toGIM Inter na tion al will be treat ed as un con di tion al ly as signed for pub li ca tion under copy right sub ject to the editor’s un re strict ed right to ed it and of fer ed i to ri al com ment. Geomares Publishing as sumes no re spon sibil ity for un so lic it ed ma te ri al or for the ac cu ra cy of in for ma tion thus re ceived. Geomares Publishing as sumes, in ad di tion, no ob li ga tion to return ma te ri al if not ex pli cit ly re quest ed. Con tri bu tions must be sent for the at ten tion of the editorial manager: [email protected].
Geomares PublishingP.O. Box 112, 8530 AC Lem mer, The Neth er lands T: +31 (0) 514-56 18 54 F: +31 (0) 514-56 38 [email protected]. gim-international.com
No ma te ri al may be re pro duced in whole or in part with out writ ten per mis sion of Geomares Publishing.Copy right © 2016, Geomares Publishing, The Neth er lands All rights re served. ISSN 1566-9076
Contributing editor Frédérique Coumans
has written a compelling article on page
23 about the role of GPS, GIS and UAVs in
humanitarian aid. The feature revolves around
Medair, a medium-sized relief agency that
puts geo-ICT in place to help communities
of refugees – including in Lebanon and the
Philippines – more effi ciently.
Another issue that we will address during
the GIM International Summit is one that
we’ve covered many times in this magazine:
better governance through deployment of
geoinformation. Spatial data infrastructures
play a key role in that. This edition of GIM International includes an interview with Alvaro
Alvaro Monett Hernandéz on page 10. Monett
is executive secretary of Chile’s National
System for Territorial Information Coordination
(SNIT). SNIT is a good example of a successful
national spatial data infrastructure that makes
decision-making in all kinds of fi elds – such as
agriculture, public works, housing, and urban
development and the environment – easier,
better and, most importantly, coherent. This
is another example of geoinformation being
linked to the day-to-day lives of citizens and
governments in a very benefi cial way.
These two examples show that the outreach
of geomatics to solve real-world problems in
governance, migration, urban planning and
more is a process that cannot go fast enough.
Hopefully the outcome of the GIM International
Summit will give us plenty of ideas that we can
share with our readers to keep the discussion
alive in the months and years to come.
NEWS INSIDER’S VIEW
66 | INTERNATIONAL | FEBRUARY 2016
EABThe Editorial Advisory Board (EAB) of GIM International consists of profes sionals who, each in their discipline and with an independent view, assist the editorial board by making recommen dations on potential authors and specific topics. The EAB is served on a non- committal basis for two years.
PROF ORHAN ALTANIstanbul Technical University, Turkey
PROF DEREN LIWuhan University, China
MR SANTIAGO BORREROSecretary-general of Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH), Mexico
PROF STIG ENEMARKHonorary President, FIG, Denmark
DR ANDREW U FRANK Head, Institute for Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
DR AYMAN HABIB, PENGProfessor and Head, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada
DR GABOR REMETEY-FÜLÖPPPast Secretary General, Hungarian Association for Geo-information (HUNAGI), Hungary
PROF PAUL VAN DER MOLENTwente University, The Netherlands
PROF DR IR MARTIEN MOLENAARTwente University, The Netherlands
MR JOSEPH BETITSenior Land Surveyor, Dewberry, USA
PROF SHUNJI MURAIInstitute Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
PROF DAVID RHINDret. Vice-Chancellor, The City University, UK
PROF DR HEINZ RÜTHER Chairman Financial Commission ISPRS, University of Cape Town, Department of Geomatics, South Africa
MR FRANÇOIS SALGÉSecretary-general, CNIG (National Council for Geographic Information), France
PROF DR TONI SCHENKProfessor, The Ohio State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, USA
PROF JOHN C TRINDERFirst Vice-President ISPRS, School of Surveying and SIS, The University of New South Wales, Australia
MR ROBIN MCLARENDirector, Know Edge Ltd, United Kingdom
Orhan Altan.
Unique Chance for Digital AtlasesThe importance of obtaining information
from imagery has been widely recognised
over the past years. With the increased
availability of very-high-resolution satellite
imagery, terrain-based imaging and
scanning, supported by rapidly growing
processing capacity and advancements in
information technology, imagery has
widespread applications. As a result of rapid
advances in remote sensing and crowd-
sourcing, as well as ground-based sensor
networks and computational simulation,
highly heterogeneous data from different
origins is being produced, accessed,
analysed, integrated, stored and retrieved
daily and sometimes even instantaneously.
The digital revolution has created an unprec-
edented explosion in the data available for
analysis by scientists, policymakers and
others. Extremely large datasets, or ‘big
data’, are the engine of this revolution; they
help researchers to recognise subtle but
powerful patterns in areas ranging across the
sciences, from security to genetic research
and human behaviour. In order to raise
awareness among the public and govern-
mental institutions, several interactive
visualisation techniques (atlases and other
mapping systems) were developed.
In the last century numerous interactive atlas
and mapping systems offered a variety of
mainly statistical 2D map types, like
choropleths, point symbols and diagrams,
and a handful of 3D map types like
panoramic views and block diagrams.
These systems bundled atlas functionalities
for spatial and temporal navigation, map
visualisation and layer handling.
Today, atlas systems have to compete with a
multiplicity of freely available map services,
geoportals and virtual globes; thus, atlases
have to strive for new horizons. At the same
time, the huge popularity of geodata and
geoapplications presents a unique chance
for digital atlas producers to activate new
user groups and to animate them for
collaborative purposes.
The results of a detailed survey on current
geovisualisation products reveal that the
majority of the latest applications were
originally designed especially for web and
mobile use. The attractiveness of such
applications is primarily based on their
immediate benefit in everyday life, the
real-time accuracy of the data offered, and
their integrative possibilities. In addition,
applications using 3D concepts and virtual
globes appeal to users thanks to their
intuitive navigation and spatial clarity.
BY PROF ORHAN ALTAN, ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, TURKEY
OPMERKINGEN:colofon uit vorig nummer pakken
FURTHER READING[1] Chen, J et al; Information from Imagery:
ISPRS Scientific Vision and Research
Agenda. ISPRS Journal of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
isprsjprs.2015.09.008
[2] René S. ; Hollenstein L.; Eichenberger
R.: Concepts and Techniques of an
Online 3D Atlas – Challenges in
Cartographic 3D Geovisualization, 5th
International Symposium, ISoLA 2012,
Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 15-18
October 2012, Proceedings, Part II.
NEWS
Most shared during the last month from www.gim-international.com
7 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 7
1. Photon Lidar, a Promising Advance in Mapping Applications - http://bit.ly/1RVwDM2
2. Innovation at the Heart of Geospatial Growth Strategy - http://bit.ly/1jQpu1n
3. Lidar Scanning by Helicopter in the USA - http://bit.ly/1I11h2R
4. Archaeologists to Reconstruct Syrian Heritage Using 3D Cameras - http://bit.ly/1RVwqsb
5. Geomatics and Climate Change - http://bit.ly/1RVw3xT
Asset Inspection Data Support Added to 4DMapper4DMapper, a browser-based 3D geospatial data gateway designed to add value
to existing geospatial software, products and services, now supports streaming
of geotagged and non-geotagged photos, videos and inspection data with live
annotation and collaboration. This makes it possible to spatially manage
inspection data, in a 3D visual framework, along with other data such as
imagery, DTMs and GIS mapping (shapefi les). 4DMapper functions as a single
place to manage, share, deliver and collaborate on a project’s spatial data.
http://bit.ly/1QpxPUH
ArcGIS Earth 1.0 Available
ArcGIS Earth 1.0 is
now available from
Esri. ArcGIS Earth is
an interactive globe
viewer that helps to
explore any part of the world and work with 3D and 2D
map data including KML. This lightweight desktop app
was built specifi cally for users who need a user-friendly,
consistent experience for browsing enterprise map data,
quickly viewing fi les and communicating spatial infor-
mation. This release is the fi rst, fully supported
production release of the newest 3D product in the Esri
ArcGIS platform. Earth will now begin a regular update
cycle and Esri welcomes feedback as the basis for
further improvements.
http://bit.ly/1QpxWQe
OGC Launches Arctic Spatial Data Infrastructure Project The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has announced a
new OGC Interoperability Program project called the Arctic
Spatial Data Infrastructure Standards and Communication
Pilot (‘Arctic SDI Pilot’). The Arctic SDI Pilot is sponsored
by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and
Natural Resources Canada. The goal is to demonstrate
to Arctic stakeholders the diversity, richness and value
of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) based on web
services and standardised exchange formats in helping
address critical issues impacting the Arctic. Stakeholders
include national and pan-Arctic science and monitoring
organisations as well as decision-makers engaged in
Arctic research, socio-economic policy and environmental
management. The organisations participating in the Arctic
SDI Pilot will document and publicise best practices that
can support a rich network of web-accessible data and
service resources for the Arctic.
http://bit.ly/1QpyoOr
ArcGIS Earth 1.0.
Asset inspection added to 4DMapper.
In November we received a letter to the editor regarding an article published in
the October issue of GIM International: ‘Transition from Paper to Digital. Cadastre
Renewal and Automation Project in the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus’ from the
Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in The Netherlands. The writers of the letter
expressed their concerns about the article, which in their view did not justify the
political situation on Cyprus, especially since the article is reporting on processes
in an entity that is not internationally recognised.
You can read the whole letter on our website, www.gim-international.com. The
editor and publisher of GIM International would like to stress that the articles in
the magazine do not necessarily represent the views of GIM International, nor its
editors. Also, the articles in the magazine are solely meant to report on technical
and scientifi c issues in, in this case, the fi eld of cadastre and land surveying.
Geomares Publishing respects international law, Security Council resolutions and
rulings of international courts of law.
CORRECTION
Earth 1.0 Available
NEWS
88 | INTERNATIONAL | FEBRUARY 2016
www.riegl.com
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Phase One Unveils 100MP Medium-format Metric Aerial Cameras Phase One Industrial has announced two 100MP
CMOS-based medium-format metric cameras for
aerial mapping and other demanding applications.
According to the company, the development of the
Phase One iXU 1000 and the iXU-R 1000 camera
systems marks a shift towards higher value for the
aerial data acquisition market. These systems,
which are available in either RGB or near-infrared
(NIR) variants, are distinguished from all other
existing medium-format aerial camera systems by
their combination of higher image resolution,
wider ISO range and faster capture speeds (as fast
as 0.85 second per frame), offering large-format
advantages.
http://bit.ly/1nMOI2s
PhaseOne iXU cameras.
Intel Acquires German UAV Developer Ascending Technologies US-based technology multinational Intel has signed
a definitive agreement to acquire the German
developer and manufacturer of UAVs, Ascending
Technologies. In a statement, Intel indicated that it
regards UAVs as offering an incredible opportunity
for innovation across a multitude of industries. As a
result, the company is positioning itself at the
forefront of this opportunity to increasingly integrate
the computing, communications, sensor and cloud
technology required to make drones smarter and
more connected.
http://bit.ly/1nMPDQi
AscTec Falcon.
NEWS
9FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
G E O B I A 2 0 1 6S O L U T I O N S & S Y N E R G I E S
GEOBIA 2016 – SOLUTIONS & SYNERGIES,14-16 SEPTEMBER 2016 www.geobia2016.com
From 14-16 September 2016 the Faculty ITC
(www.itc.nl) of the University of Twente
(Enschede, The Netherlands) will host the 6th
international conference of Geographic
Object-based Image Analysis (GEOBIA 2016).
The theme will be ‘Solutions & Synergies’.
In terms of ‘solutions’ the conference will
focus on existing bottlenecks preventing OBIA
procedures developed by the research
community from being applied and imple-
mented in practice, and ways to overcome
them. Meanwhile, ‘synergies’ will concern
efforts to connect with researchers working on
segmentation-based image analysis in other
domains, such as the computer vision or the
biomedical fields.
The GEOBIA conference will also feature an
ISPRS-linked benchmark effort allowing
researchers working on urban site classification
to have their solution objectively tested and
evaluated. The authors of the most successful
procedures will be invited to work as co-authors
on a future article about the OBIA benchmark
after the conference. The benchmark also ties
in to the conference’s focus on high spatial
resolution data, including from UAVs/drones,
and including oblique data that those instru-
ments often provide. There will also be a range
of inspiring keynote speakers, including distin-
guished researchers from outside the core
GEOBIA community, to help set the research
agenda in this field for the coming years.
In addition to papers related to the two
conference themes, submissions are also
welcome on the methodological and appli-
cation topics that have featured in previous
GEOBIA conferences. The deadline for
abstracts is 1 March 2016, and for extended
abstracts it is 1 July 2016.
GIM International is the media partner of
GEOBIA 2016, and will publish occasional
features concerning GEOBIA in the lead-up
to the conference. Check the website
(www.geobia2016.com) for more details,
and register for updates.
See you in Enschede!
On behalf of the organising committee,
Norman Kerle, chair of GEOBIA 2016, and
Markus Gerke (ITC) and Sébastien Lefèvre
(Université de Bretagne-Sud, France),
co-chairs
GEOBIA 2016
Your News and Views in GIM International?Do you have an interesting idea for an
article in GIM International? We are
always looking for the best news and
views from the geomatics industry. If
you are working with the most
innovative technology, have performed
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share your perspectives on the future,
please send an email to our editorial
manager, Wim van Wegen by e-mail:
[email protected]. He will
be more than happy to explore ways of
sharing your ideas with your peers
throughout the geomatics world.
www.gim-international.com/contact
10 | INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 016
Geospatial information management in Chile has a distributed architecture, both technologically and institutionally. Was that your intention from the beginning?Yes it was, but to be honest it is the result
of a 15-year process of evolving mutual
understanding among the various
stakeholders. A culture of collaboration and
trust has developed over the last ten years.
Chile is a good example of a South American country with a successful spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Regions and sectors can build upon the national infrastructure while staying focused on their own needs. Therefore, the infrastructure is well used and growing coherently in both directions – in terms of both users and providers of spatial data. The National System for Territorial Information Coordination (SNIT) is steered by an executive secretariat at the Ministry of National Assets, headed by Alvaro Monett. He is proud of what has been realised so far but still sees many challenges left to tackle.
Like many other countries, we have
experienced the transition from an individual
and parcelled vision of spatial information
management to a shared one. The many
successful cases stimulated this process in
ministries and public organisations. For
example, the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile
– which includes more than ten dependent
institutions – still serves as a reference for
current projects. Up until a few years ago they
all worked with individual data and platforms,
but they decided to install a cooperative
solution based on common principles and
protocols of interoperability. Today they work
under the concept of ‘Minagri SDI’ which is a
geospatial data infrastructure for the whole
ministry. All the dependent institutions are
very content with the efficiency results. They
have learned to trust each other’s data quality
and work processes. As a result of the
distributed organisational model, the
commitment of all Chilean authorities and the
training of 500 people each year, we have a
mass of GIS and SDI professionals in about
20 ministries and all 15 regions of the country
to keep the network healthy and growing.
How does the network operate?The Spatial Data Infrastructure of Chile is a
collaborative network of public institutions
working in a coordinated manner. This is led
by the Ministry of National Assets, and that
minister fulfils the role of president of the
Council of Ministers for Territorial Information.
Guidelines are provided to the other SDI
stakeholders to optimise information
management in their organisations and to
facilitate sharing and public access. The legal
framework, institutional organisation,
technological tools, interoperability (standards
and specifications) and capacity building are
addressed. In doing this, we – the Executive
Secretariat – are very alert to facilitate the
ability of institutions to communicate, create
alliances, establish agreements and develop
projects. We stimulate the development of
sectoral spatial infrastructure programmes.
Large ones are currently running in the
Ministries of Agriculture, Environment, Public
Works, Housing and Urban Development, the
Undersecretaries of Telecommunications and
Tourism and in the National Institute for
Statistics. Other current initiatives that
contribute to the development of the national
SDI (NSDI) are: the modernisation of the
national cadastre (Ministry of National
Assets), the implementation of a satellite
image viewer (Aero-photogrammetric Service
of the Air Force), basic mapping viewer
(Military Geographic Institute) and the
Spatial Data Infrastructure in Chile is Mature and Expanding
Alvaro Monett Hernandéz: “Progress in the downloading possibilities will enhance municipalities’ and citizens’ awareness of the possibilities of our NSDI.”
GIM INTERNATIONAL INTERVIEWS SNIT EXECUTIVE SECRETARY ALVARO MONETT HERNANDÉZ
INTERVIEW
11FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
portal is managed. Also important is to
represent our country in all kinds of national
and international instances related to the
modern management of spatial information, in
particular the initiative of the United Nations
for Global Geospatial Information Management
(UN-GGIM), in which Chile has a permanent
representation. Our core business – SNIT – is
instituted by Supreme Decree as the
permanent coordination mechanism for public
territorial information with the aim to
implement and maintain a national SDI. This
legal framework is assigned to the Council of
Ministers of Territorial Information. In this
Council, 11 central and regional ministries are
represented by their Secretaries of State and
they installed the Executive Secretariat within
the Ministry of National Assets for the
operational coordination.
How is the private sector involved in the NSDI?The private sector has a very limited
involvement on a structural basis. This is one
of the challenges for the coming years. First
we have to formalise a new legal framework
for the Chilean SDI in which all roles and
positions are updated. But private companies
are frequently a partner in the acquisition of
geodata. The critical mass of experts in
surveying, geomatics and related disciplines
on all education levels is increasing in our
country. But we still have some gaps to fill; an
important one is knowledge of territorial
analysis to add value to the information and to
support decision-making.
Can all public spatial data be viewed or used easily? Information exchange is free of charge among
public institutions, and a lot of the data
produced with public resources is freely
accessible to everyone. The SNIT Executive
maintains a geoportal – called VISOR (see
www.ide.cl) – where over 180 layers of
geospatial information can be viewed through
WMS protocols. The portal has been widely
disseminated to various public stakeholders
and has had an excellent reception. Updating
Integrated Emergency Information System
(National Office for Emergency).
There are eight permanent thematic groups
focused on managing information related to
topics of national importance, such as Basic
Information, Planning, Infrastructure, Natural
Resources, Social, Housing, Patrimony and
Environment. We have also established
working groups to address specific issues that
require joint efforts by several institutions.
These groups are temporary and do not
require a high level of institutional agreement.
In all this, I want to highlight the work of the
country’s 15 regions. In each of them, the
goal is the implementation of a regional SDI to
support decision-making and public policies
according to their regional strategies. They
ensure that it fits within the national
framework.
Are the municipalities active participants?At the moment we don’t have a formal
relationship with the 345 municipalities; they
are not obliged to follow the guidelines that
SNIT provides to the ministries and regional
governments. However, good relationships are
developing. We are planning to invest in their
capacity building on spatial data handling.
Some agreements have been established with
a number of municipalities for transferring
technology and knowledge, in some cases via
the corresponding regional government. One
example of this is the tool called ‘Geonodo’
that provides capabilities for serving
geospatial information on the web. This tool
has been created by the SNIT Executive
Secretariat with open-source technology
and is delivered free of cost, including
training, to organisations that require it.
What other tasks does the Executive Secretariat handle? One important task is to permanently examine
technical norms and standards that allow
interoperability of territorial information. We
study and propose norms, tools and actions to
strengthen and promote the policy for
territorial (geo)information management. The
maintenance of the territorial information
THE NEW LEGAL FRAMEWORK WILL ADDRESS THE MAPPING AGENCIES’ BUSINESS MODEL, REQUIRING EMPATHIC DISCUSSIONS BY ALL INVOLVED
An example of the graphic interface of the Chilean SDI Viewer VISOR, which connects map services from different state agencies.
Chile is a long and narrow country that stretches along South America’s western edge, with approx. 4,300km of Pacific Ocean coastline.
BY FRÉDÉRIQUE COUMANS, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR, GIM INTERNATIONAL
INTERVIEW
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 13
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is performed online by the data-supplying
institutions themselves using WMS protocols.
In VISOR there is also a downloads section
where data and layers from some
organisations are available to the public. We
are currently implementing WFS protocols.
Core reference datasets have full national
coverage at 1:50,000 scale and are well
maintained, including metadata and
international quality standards. But
privacy- and security-sensitive data and the
base maps are not freely available. They can
be obtained from the national mapping
agencies on request. The mapping agencies’
business model requires them to be
self-funding to a certain degree, so they
cannot give away their fundamental data
layers for free. This is a relevant issue since
fundamental datasets are the basis for
building and representing thematic data
about them. The new legal framework will
also address this topic and it is one of the
points which will require empathic
discussions by all involved.
The Republic of Chile is the longest country in the world: 2,670 miles long (approx. 4,300km) spanning seven climate zones. This South American country is also narrow, with an average width of 110 miles (approx. 177km). About 85 percent of the Chileans (16 million people) live in urban areas, with 45 percent living in Greater Santiago. High mountain ranges make up about 80 percent of the territory and there are 500 geologically active volcanoes. Since its return to democracy in 1990 Chile has been a very stable and prosperous nation (rated AA- by Standard & Poor).
Is it a problem to fund the ongoing development of the SDI?There is no guaranteed central funding for
SDI activities. The SNIT Executive Secretariat
receives annual funding for the professional
staff (ten experts), for coordination activities
at both central and regional level, for the
maintenance of transversal tools and
applications (National Geoportal including the
Catalogue and Viewer), for dissemination
activities (seminars, workshops), and for our
international work. Just like the other
ministries and regional governments, we have
to apply annually for additional budget for
projects, people and new investments in the
field of geospatial information management.
That is of course an insecure situation, but we
have so far come a long way by investing in
the awareness of the benefits of spatial data
and GIS in solving problems and making
better decisions. I think that progress in the
downloading possibilities in VISOR will
enhance the municipalities’ and citizens’
awareness about the possibilities of our NSDI,
and that could create a bottom-up effect. We
are also generating the necessary validation
mechanisms to be able to let citizens
participate in collecting and sharing geodata.
In our extremely expansive country – the
Republic of Chile is over 4,000km long from
north to south – crowdsourced data could
certainly bring added value.
No
2912
Naamloos-6 1 20-10-15 15:17
FEATURE
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 15
The imposing Cathedral of St. Nicholas in
Greifswald, Germany, dates back to the 13th
century (Figure 1). It undergoes continuous
maintenance, which requires accurate,
complete and up-to-date information for
planning, damage assessment and structural
design. The dimensions of the cathedral, and
especially of its tower which is about 97m
high, are impressive. The church is part of an
urban landscape in the historic centre of the
mediaeval town, making it difficult to survey
the building with common terrestrial surveying
methods. It was decided that a combination
of two technologies would provide the best
possible dataset. Terrestrial Lidar was used to
scan the lower part of the cathedral up to the
eaves of the nave of the church. This data was
extended with unmanned aerial system (UAS)
photogrammetry for the higher parts of the
building, including the tower. The lower parts
of the cathedral could not be recorded by the
UAS since adjacent trees would interfere with
the flight.
SCANNINGTerrestrial Lidar was performed with the
phase difference Laser Scanner Photon
120 from FARO. This scanner has a range
of up to 120m and a range measuring
accuracy of 2mm for distances up to 25m.
All the individual scans were linked together
to generate one large, unified point cloud.
Several highly visible targets were placed and
tagged in the scans. Each target had known
coordinates, which were used to reference
the point cloud in the coordinate reference
system.
Reconstruction and maintenance work in historical buildings such as churches requires detailed and accurate information about them, but it can be difficult and expensive to acquire such data efficiently. The combi-nation of terrestrial Lidar and UAS-based photogrammetry provides an adequate approach for gathering a full model of the outside of a church. Additionally, it allows for accuracy evaluation by comparing areas with overlap between terrestrial Lidar and the point cloud derived from the UAS images.
FLIGHT PREPARATIONAfter scanning, a set of 117 ground control
points (GCPs), each with an accuracy of
1cm, was laid out around the church for
georeferencing purposes in the UAS survey.
The airborne survey was conducted with a
UAS from microdrones (MD4-1000). This UAS
allows comparatively long flight duration, and
thus offers sufficient reserves in the case of a
higher load due to wind or air turbulence. An
Olympus PEN E- P2 camera with a fixed focal
length of 17mm and 12MP sensor size was
attached to the UAS.
Careful planning was required to obtain all the
necessary information from the UAS flight.
Both nadir and oblique images with significant
overlap were required to reduce blind spots
near the roof structure. It was decided to fly
up and down the building in vertical strips as
this is much easier than circling the building
in horizontal flights. This latter approach
would require a continuous change in the
orientation of the UAS and the camera, which
is much more complicated than changing
the orientation once for each vertical strip.
Each strip had to be located between 15m
and 20m from the building. This provided
the best balance between achieving a high
degree of detail in the images and maintaining
a sufficient safety margin to compensate
strong wind shears. The variation in distance
between the camera and the building had to
be as small as possible since the camera was
Reconstructing a Church in 3D
COMBINING TERRESTRIAL LIDAR AND UAS PHOTOGRAMMETRY INTO ONE UNIFIED MODEL
Figure 1, The Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Greifswald, Germany (Courtesy: Roland Rosner, Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz).
BY MATTHIAS NAUMANN AND GÖRRES GRENZDÖRFFER, UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK, GERMANY
| INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 016 1616 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |16
set to a fi xed focal distance. If the UAS were
to deviate too much from the planned survey
distance, the images would become blurred,
rendering them useless.
TWO SURVEYSTwo UAS surveys took place in March 2014,
on a day with an overcast sky (Figure 2). This
is preferable to a full sunny day, as the strong
illumination differences and harsh shadows
my cause problems in the subsequent dense
matching phase. The nave of the church was
captured in a conventional manner with nadir
images in parallel strips at height of about 60
m. This fi rst UAS fl ight was extended with
some additional oblique images. In total, this
resulted in 348 images of the nave of the
church. A second fl ight was used to capture
Figure 4, Model of the nave (left) and rendering with photorealistic texturing (right).
Figure 3, GCPs and checkpoints overlaid on the 3D model generated from dense matching.
Location Length x Height (m) Offset, mean (cm) Offset, sigma (cm)
Ground North 25 x 8 1.5 5.4
Ground South 32 x 4 3.0 7.1
First Floor North
52 x 5 2.8 3.2
First Floor South
33 x 4 3.3 8.8
Gable 15 x 22 2.4 2.5
Figure 2, UAS MD4-1000 ready for take-off.
Table 1, Accuracy verifi cation results.
the tower of the church. This was done in 12
vertical strips with an oblique-looking camera
at an angle of 30° in the direction of the
facades. For these vertical fl ights along the
tower, the image interval was set to achieve
an image overlap on the facade of about
80%. During the tower fl ights, the images
were triggered continuously, resulting in 550
images of the tower. This excludes the images
from the descending strips. Due to a technical
problem the camera looked unintentionally
downwards when descending, resulting in
unusable images. Since the overlap in all the
strips is very high, all objects are still included
in several stereo models.
DENSE MATCHINGThe images from the UAS fl ights were
used to generate a 3D point cloud using
dense matching. This approach is based
on an automated pixel-wise search for
correspondences between overlapping
images. First, the photogrammetric
orientation of 923 images was calculated
using Agisoft Photoscan. The 117 GCPs were
used for georeferencing and to conduct an
independent check of the results (Figure 3).
For the nave area, this process resulted in
a point cloud of approximately 11.5 million
points, which was suffi ciently dense for the
required application.
The computed point cloud for the tower was
not suffi ciently dense because it was not
possible to extract points at locations with low
image contrast. The SURE software package,
developed by the Institute for Photogrammetry
at the University of Stuttgart, was therefore
selected to perform densifi cation on the point
cloud. Within SURE, the 3D coordinates can
be calculated for each pixel from several stereo
models based on an adapted SemiGlobal
matching algorithm. It requires orientation
parameters and distortion-free images as
input, for which the Agisoft results were used.
After computation by SURE, all points with
an estimated accuracy of less than 2mm
were fi ltered out. Subsequently, the point
cloud was further thinned by a factor of 10,
resulting in a point cloud of 180 million points.
The three point clouds (lower part, nave and
tower) could then be combined into one large,
consistent point cloud.
ACCURACY VERIFICATIONRepresentative test areas in the overlapping
zone between the terrestrial Lidar and
UAS point cloud were used for accuracy
comparison. They were located in different
parts of the nave and ranged from 128 to
330m² in surface area. Since the point clouds
from the two sources were based on the
same coordinate system, an integration and
comparison could be performed easily.
FEATURE
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 17
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For each test area, the UAS point cloud was
compared with the terrestrial Lidar data, which
served as reference. The distance values were
statistically analysed by creating a histogram
and by computing the mean and standard
deviation. Deviations greater than 30cm were
excluded from the comparisons as outliers. The
average deviations of the surfaces in the test
areas were in the range of 1.5cm to 3.3cm. The
standard deviations were in the range of 2.5cm
to 8.8cm. Within homogeneous surface areas
such as walls, the differences between the two
point clouds were low and were within the range
of a few centimetres. Small structures and
edges were better represented in the terrestrial
Lidar point cloud as they appeared smoothed in
the UAV cloud. Large differences were mainly
due to the lack of information in the other point
cloud or, in some cases, caused by occasional
outliers or incorrect measurements. Table 1
shows the outcomes in all test areas.
CONCLUDING REMARKSQuick visual inspection on demand is a
long-held dream of architects and planners.
MATTHIAS NAUMANNDipl-Ing (FH) MSc (GIS) Matthias Naumann studied surveying at the University of Applied Sciences in Berlin, Germany, and
geoinformation systems and science at the University of Salzburg, Austria. Since 2001 he has been working at the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformatics at the University of Rostock in Germany.
GÖRRES GRENZDÖRFFERDr-Ing Görres Jochen Grenzdörffer studied geography at the University in Tübingen, Germany. Since 1994 he has been working as
a researcher at the Institute of Geodesy at the University of Rostock. He completed his PhD at the University of Rostock in 2001.
The images provide a valuable basis for
assessing the current state of a building as
the basis for decisions on reconstruction.
In this project, the combination of TLS and
UAS photogrammetry was a logical step
because each method overcomes the other’s
problems. Combining them produces a dense
and accurate 3D model of the entire building
and is favourable from an economic point of
view (Figure 4).
FURTHER READINGNaumann et al (2015): Symbiose von UAS-Photogrammetrie und TLS zur Vermessung und 3D-Modellierung von Kirchenbauwerken am Beispiel des Greifswalder Dome. In: Th. Luhmann/Ch. Müller (Hrsg.): Photogrammetrie – Laserscanning – Optische 3D-Messtechnik, Beiträge der Oldenburger 3D-Tage 2015, Wichmann - VDE Verlag, 2015.
No
2928
Naamloos-3 1 10-12-2015 15:17:57
FEATURE
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 19
Cultural heritage conservation relates to
maintaining objects, architecture or historic
places in their current state in order to
preserve authenticity, materials and values.
Conservators work thoughtfully as they
understand the significance of such places
and objects and are keen to ensure that
any interventions are carefully deliberated,
debated and researched. Cultural heritage
conservation has become a multi-disciplinary
profession in which a rapidly growing number
of buildings, sites, objects and landscapes
are being identified for preservation.
Digital geometric documentation has many
advantages and can rely on a large variety
of sensors and software. Therefore, the
application of geomatics technologies for
the recording, visualisation and possible
restoration and digital fabrication of cultural
heritage resources is a powerful tool that can
both support the dissemination of information
and contribute to conservation.
CARAVAN CITIES IN THE ANCIENT EASTIn Roman times, the Silk Road was a major
trading route leading between China and
Rome. For some years now, a project has
been underway to build up an information
management system for this route’s
significant cultural value. The cities of Hatra,
Palmyra and Petra in the ancient Near East
were ‘caravan cities’ where the Parthian
style was influenced by the Greco-Roman
The application of geomatics technology to record, visualise and digitally reconstruct cultural heritage resources is becoming a powerful and invaluable part of contemporary cultural heritage preservation and management. New tools have appeared in the past decades including laser scanning, rapid prototyping, RGB-D sensors, high dynamic range imaging, spherical and infrared imaging, mobile mapping systems, UAS-based imaging, augmented and virtual reality and computer rendering in multiple dimensions. The resulting images and data can be used to disseminate knowledge and information for education, research, risk assessment, planning and design related to cultural heritage conservation.
styles of architecture and sculpture. The
imposing ancient architecture – with walls,
colonnaded streets, temples and tombs of
various kinds – has been preserved in these
ancient cities and all of them are UNESCO
World Heritage Sites.
The city Floruit of Hatra, situated in Northern
Mesopotamia in Iraq, dates from the 1st
century BC to the 4th century AD. A GIS
database was created for the conservation
of the city as the basis for integrating all
other data collected using other tools. The
defences, constructed of stone, include a
ditch, tower tombs in the curtain wall (approx.
6km in circumference), massive walls and
towers. An Italian team working at the site is
building a database using Microsoft Word in
hypertext mode for a catalogue. In addition, a
geographic database including a topographic
Geomatics for Cultural Heritage Preservation
3D RECORDING, DOCUMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
BY EFSTRATIOS STYLIANIDIS, ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI, GREECE, AND FABIO REMONDINO, BRUNO KESSLER FOUNDATION, ITALY
Figure 1, Researchers surveying a Mayan temple at Cópan, Honduras.
relief has been constructed in GIS (ArcView).
AutoCAD and Sketch-up 8 have been used
to model the defences in 3D. This provides a
baseline for the conservation and restoration
of the defensive structures.
The ancient city of Palmyra is in a desert
oasis in Syria. It enjoyed its heyday from the
1st century BC to the 3rd century AD. The
city has suffered severe damage, including
to the ancient temple of Bel plus some other
valuable remains from antiquity, during the
recent Syrian civil war and some looting
has taken place. Fortunately, the famous
tower tombs that form part of the funerary
landscape of Palmyra have been partly
digitised using photogrammetric methods
and, more recently, one of them (Figure
2) has been modelled using spherical
photogrammetry (Fangi, 2015).
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |2020 | INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 01620
Figure 4, 3D digitisation of a painting using a triangulation-based laser scanner.
Figure 5, Capturing optical imagery of the Paestum archaeological site using an ESAFLY A2500 (www.salengineering.it).
FRESCOES AND MURALSIrrespective of the medium or substrate,
mural paintings require special attention in
conservation. Light, humidity and temperature
have to be set to a specific level and they
must be constantly monitored. Infrared (IR)
and ultraviolet (UV) light have been used to
study paintings and writing since the 1930s.
IR is quite strong and can reveal different
layers of paint, if they exist. UV is used to
reveal features in organic and inorganic
artefacts or, in the case of paintings, to identify
varnishes and over-paintings, particularly
with fluorescence-imaging systems. Electro-
optic holography and IR thermography are
used in diagnostics and to assess defects
in frescoes. In recent decades, laser-based
techniques have become powerful methods in
studying frescoes because of their minimum
invasiveness. The combination of planar
laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), Raman
spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a way of carrying
out diagnostics and cleaning; and approaching
the composition of the studied artefacts
more authentically, thus improving the
documentation procedure. It has been useful
in studying pigments, copper-based alloys,
ceramics and marble.
During the Vasari project and the study of
pre-Hispanic murals in Mexico, a typical digital
photogrammetric pipeline was used in order
to build a 3D model for the conservation and
restoration of paintings that may be adversely
affected by the processes of preservation
(Figure 4). Parameters such as spectrum,
Figure 3, 3D visualisation of a wooden dome of St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice using 3D Studio Max (Fregonese and Taffurelli, 2009).
THE HOLY SEPULCHRE IN JERUSALEMThe Church of the Holy Sepulchre in
Jerusalem, Israel, is the central church
of Christianity. It is based on the basilica
originally built by Emperor Constantine in
the 4th century AD on the traditional site
of the crucifixion and the tomb of Jesus of
Nazareth. Over the centuries, the basilica
and the so-called Anastasis rotunda have
faced fire, war and destruction. The site,
which is currently shared by various churches
and Christian denominations, has been
documented by photogrammetric methods
from as early as 1992.
Figure 2, Palmyra tomb tower: orientation network and the 3D model (plot by Marco Franca).
A Greek interdisciplinary team further
documented the monument by generating a
cross section of it in AutoCAD. A 3D rotation
was applied to project points. All the stereo
pairs were oriented and plotted on a Leica
DVP digital stereo plotter or Adam MPS-2
analytical stereo plotter. Architects produced
the 3D photogrammetric outputs. The seismic
vulnerability of the basilica prompted another
3D documentation project, carried out by
an Italian team using GPS, total stations,
photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. The
main aim was to perform a survey to establish
the state of conservation of the basilica, with
special attention paid to the rocky area on
which it stands.
ST. MARK’S BASILICAThe St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice (built
from 827-829 AD) is another outstanding
architectural monument of Christianity.
The wooden domes of the basilica that
apparently date from 1210-1270 AD have
been 3D modelled to understand the form,
composition, wood species and conservation
state of the beams and to build a database for
analysis and monitoring. The documentation
was aimed at understanding the static
function of the beams in the architectural
study. Traditional survey methods were initially
used with a total station (TCRM1101) followed
by laser scanning and CAD modelling.
Visualisation and rendering of the dome
structures was carried out using 3DStudio
Max (Figure 3). The mosaic floors of the
basilica have been documented in 3D to take
into account the undulating state of the floors.
FEATURE
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 21
No
2946
colour, levels of detail and geometric accuracy
were taken into account in documenting
the murals. Digital photogrammetry enables
enhancement of geometric accuracy. It was
found that sub-millimetre resolution was
needed, and 3-4 pixel accuracy was found to
be satisfactory.
A POWERFUL TOOLConservation today seeks to retain the
cultural past using geomatics technology
such as 3D modelling. In a world where
cultural heritage is increasingly threatened
by abandonment, trafficking of artefacts
and conflict-driven destruction, digital
information is becoming a powerful tool in
the work of multi-disciplinary conservation
teams (Figure 5). Current digital information
challenges include data fragmentation, lack
of interoperability and non-standardised
data collection methodologies. It is
becoming necessary to adopt
methodologies and protocols for multi-
disciplinary teams and to establish holistic
principles, guidelines and specifications.
Moreover, it is important that
interdisciplinary communities are involved
EFSTRATIOS STYLIANIDISEfstratios Stylianidis is assistant professor at the School of Spatial Planning and Development, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, Greece. His main research interests are in photogrammetry, geomatics and ICT. For the period 2015-2018 he is the secretary general of the International Committee of Architectural Photogrammetry (CIPA – Heritage Documentation).
FABIO REMONDINOFabio Remondino is the head of the 3D Optical Metrology (http://3dom.fbk.eu) research unit at the Bruno Kessler Foundation (www.fbk.eu)
located in Trento, Italy. His main research interests are in the field of reality-based surveying and 3D modelling for heritage documentation, city modelling and Earth observation.
FURTHER READING - 3D Recording, Documentation and Management of Cultural Heritage. Efstratios Stylianidis and Fabio Remondino (eds.) Whittles Publishing, Scotland 978-184995-168-5; to be published 2016 - Fangi, G., 2015: Documentation of some cultural heritage emergencies in Syria in August 2010 by spherical photogrammetry. Int. Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. II-5/W3, pp. 401-408- Fregonese, L., Taffurelli, L., 2009: 3D model for the documentation of cultural heritage: the wooden domes of St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice. Int. Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. 38-5/W1
and that the issues of risk assessment and
sustainability are considered. A holistic
approach is required, centred on the
relevance of information to understanding
the significance and integrity of – and
threats to – our cultural heritage.
No
2949
Naamloos-17 1 26-01-2016 16:55:37
REPORTBY FRÉDÉRIQUE COUMANS, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR, GIM INTERNATIONAL
23FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
Since 2009 it has been Medair’s policy to
employ GIS-trained staff assigned to specific
projects. The number of such employees
fluctuates, but there are usually around five
or six at any given time – a small group, but
with significant effect. Good examples of
their work include their role in getting relief
to Syrian refugees in Lebanon and to the
homeless in the Philippines.
HAND-HELD GPS AND GIS Everybody knew that there were informal
encampments hosting refugees in Lebanon
but no one knew exactly where they were,
how many people were staying in each one
and what needs they had. After crossing
the border, thousands of families simply
disappeared from the map. Today, around
1.5 million Syrians are seeking refuge
among Lebanon’s population of 4 million.
Medair is a medium-sized relief agency with outstanding commitment to work with vulnerable people who are in extremely remote and difficult-to-access places. Medair uses the power of geo-ICT to help communities of refugees more efficiently.
To illustrate the pressure that brings: the
European Union, with a population of 500
million, cannot agree on taking in 200,000
refugees. Since 2014, Medair has been the
lead mapping agency amongst humanitarian
relief organisations in Lebanon. Using
hand-held GPS and mobile GIS, Medair
teams survey these informal ‘tented‘ shelters
every month to update the maps and the
assessment data pertaining to the refugees
in order to know where they have settled
and what aid they need. To date, Medair has
mapped more than 1,200 Syrian refugee
settlements. They have also trained five
other relief agencies to map the other regions
of Lebanon.
Medair manages all the spatial data collected
to maintain one comprehensive dataset. To
facilitate data collection and spatial data
analysis Medair works with Esri’s ArcGIS,
including on the mobile teams’ mobile
devices. The GIS data is used to support
inter-agency coordination. Without such
coordination, humanitarian agencies would
find it almost impossible to work in an
environment such as the Lebanese Bekaa
Valley, where hundreds of thousands of
refugees are living in ‘tents’ scattered over a
wide and relatively remote area, and it would
certainly be more costly. The assessment
data is a source of information about the
type of assistance needed and provided.
This is coordinated through Last Mile Mobile
Solutions, software developed by World
Vision. Each beneficiary in the distribution
chain is issued an ID, which enables Medair
to digitally track them and the intended/
executed interventions. All of this data is then
merged into Qlik View analytical software. In
this way Medair gets a detailed overview of
Geomatics Helps Relief to Reach More Refugees
GPS, GIS AND UAVS SUPPORT HUMANITARIAN AID
Using hand-held GPS and mobile GIS, Medair teams survey informal ‘tented’ shelters every month to update the maps and the assessment data to find out where the refugees have settled and what aid they need. All images courtesy of Medair.
YOUR GIM-INTERNATIONAL.COM REPORT
| INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 0162424 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |24
Medair’s emergency response officer Joel Kaiser in Lebanon.
‘ WE HAVE TO LEARN TO DO MORE WITH LESS MONEY, AND GIS HELPS US TO DO SO’
Based on UAV imagery, maps are produced to assess hazards, see where people could reconstruct buildings, detect safe places, monitor reconstruction work, etc. Informed decisions are made faster and assistance is delivered more quickly.
what is needed and what has been provided,
including exactly where and when.
SAVING TIME Joel Kaiser is Medair’s emergency response
officer and is also responsible for the
development and implementation of
geomatics instruments. He is positive about
the cost-benefit ratio of Medair’s investments
in GIS-related tools. “Using geomatics
enables us to save time by knowing exactly
how many refugees require assistance, and
what type of help they need, at each and
every settlement. This is very important
because funding to support the refugees is
decreasing. Therefore we have to learn to do
more with less money, and GIS helps us to
do so.”
Patterns emerge over time and Medair
analysts can increasingly discern trends in
the aid required each month. This enables
them to initiate assistance in advance, in
anticipation of potential hazards. Kaiser:
“However, quantifying cost savings is not
easy, because those savings are re-applied
to meet more needs in an ever-increasing
population of refugees. But based upon
my experience and observations, I would
estimate that we are able to reach 15-20%
more refugees as the result of streamlined
aid delivery.”
UNHCR has asked Medair to oversee and
build capacity within other NGOs using
common tools and operating procedures.
Furthermore, in many of the countries where
Medair is active, geomatics training sessions
are being held to discuss GIS and remote
sensing, provide an introduction to GIS and
GIS software and practise mapping methods.
USE OF UAVSMedair also uses unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) to expand the situational awareness
and obtain better analysis of humanitarian
needs in remote places. The best example
comes from the Philippines following
Typhoon Haiyan, which devastated entire
cities and left hundreds of thousands of
people homeless. Many of those worst hit
were living in informal homes in coastal
areas. When coordinating recovery efforts
in these disaster zones, the community
leaders could not rely on the out-of-date
maps they had. Medair worked together
with another NGO: Drone Adventures. By
deploying senseFly’s unmanned e-Bee aerial
systems, which weigh 700g and have a
wingspan of 96cm, they took thousands of
high-resolution aerial images of some of the
most devastated villages. The images were
merged into 2D maps and 3D terrain models
using Pix4D software for data processing
and orthomosaic generation in a process
which mostly took just one to two days. The
very detailed photogrammetric maps were
then distributed to local leaders for use in
assessing the situation in their communities
and planning reconstruction efforts.
Medair used the high-resolution base
maps to assess hazards in the villages, to
identify where people could reconstruct
buildings, to detect safe or safer places,
to monitor reconstruction work, etc. The
UAVs were also used to assess the local
environmental damage; local livelihoods
depend on resources such as coconut
trees, but many trees had been damaged
or uprooted. Therefore, the drone team
also made low-resolution base maps of the
surrounding area. The ground resolution of
these orthomosaics was 1.96 inches (5cm)
REPORT
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 25
More informationrelief.medair.org
No
2920
ABOUT MEDAIRFounded in 1988 in Lausanne, Switzerland, Medair brings relief to human suffering in some of the world’s most remote and devastated places. In 2014, over 1,000 Medair staff members delivered critical services to more than 1.5 million beneficiaries. The NGO operates in three main sectors: health and nutrition; shelter and infrastructure; and water, sanitation and hygiene. Medair is currently providing assistance in 13 countries: Afghanistan, Congo, Haiti, Madagascar, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Nepal, Iraq, the Philippines, Sierra Leone, Somalia and South Sudan.
for villages and 3.1-3.9in (8-10cm) for rural
areas. As time passed by and electricity
became available again for at least part of
the day, both the local authorities and relief
organisations could utilise the high-definition
images hosted online. “We are committed to
using UAVs more often,” comments Kaiser.
“It is an effective way to help build situational
awareness between decision-makers. In this
way, aerial imagery helps us make better-
informed decisions faster and deliver assistance
more quickly.” UAVs were also used in Nepal
to assess the situation after the earthquake
in 2015. The Medair GIS staff members in
Nepal have recently been trained to pilot UAVs
themselves and will fly them again in 2016.
DESIRED INNOVATIONS“Medair welcomes geomatics manufacturers
who prioritise ease of use and reliability.
Humanitarians interacting with data do
not have training in IT, GIS or related
technologies,” reminds Kaiser. He also
points out that it can be difficult to connect
location-based intelligence software to
traditional business intelligence reporting
tools. Users may have to wrestle with pre-built
connectors that have limited functionality or
build their own. A new generation of location
intelligence tools must clear such hurdles.
Additionally, manufacturers should always
take into account the fact that connectivity is
often unreliable, that datasets may contain
non-Latin script (e.g. Arabic) and that
humanitarian agencies rarely have sufficient
capital to sustain large investments.
Data security is another issue. In regions
where NGOs are active, data is shared
among the humanitarian agencies through
the coordination structure established by
UNHCR. Kaiser refers to Lebanon as a good
example: “By helping to coordinate the data
in Lebanon, Medair is actually reducing the
risk associated with many organisations
storing and handling data in different ways.
It makes the process more accountable. We
have not experienced any misuse of data,
but we remain vigilant; we secure sensitive
datasets in separate, encrypted databases
to ensure that no single breach of security
or data theft would endanger refugees.
But members of the geomatics industry
should realise that, since we are handling
sensitive data, security must be of the utmost
importance in their innovative technology.”
| INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 0162626 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |26
Figure 1, Single-scan TLS data of a forest plot in (a) a 2D matrix and (b) a 3D point cloud.
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is an effective technique for acquiring detailed tree attributes in forest plots. During the last two decades, tremendous effort by national mapping agencies, companies, universities and research organisations has been put into developing methods for tree attribute estimation using TLS. There is, however, still a lack of proper understanding on TLS performance. Different data collection methods and processing standards have led to a large range in tree detection and measurement accuracy. This article explains the early results of an international benchmarking initiative for TLS methods in forest inventories. The study has identified important differences in methods that should lead to operational work guidelines.
A terrestrial laser scanner automatically
documents its surrounding environment in
three-dimensional (3D) space with millions
to billions of 3D points. In forestry, TLS is
an effective technique for measuring forest
plots and is anticipated to be used in national
forest inventories, leading to more sustainable
silviculture and savings for forest owners and
industry alike. During the last two decades,
significant research has been conducted on
developing best practices around TLS for
forest inventorying – to evaluate, for example,
whether one scanning position at the plot
centre (single scan) or several scanning
positions inside and outside of the plot (multi-
scans) should be used to measure a sample
Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Forest Inventories
TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKS
Figure 2, The parameters studied in the TLS benchmarking study: the position, diameter at the breast height, stem curve and tree height of an individual tree and the digital terrain model of the forest plot.
plot and estimate tree attributes (tree height,
diameter, taper, crown width).
Impressive results have been reported in
recent years that are automatic, repeatable,
accurate for practical applications and
comparable to results from national allometric
models. There is, however, still a lack of
proper understanding on TLS performance,
especially in forests with varying structure
and development stages (complex forest
structures). Currently, the results obtained
from TLS data for plot-wise tree attribute
estimation have varied significantly from
study to study. The percentage of correctly
detected trees from reported multi-scan data
has ranged from 50 to 100%. The differences
between varying detection rates arise from
different TLS hardware, scanning set-up,
forest structures and processing methods.
BENCHMARKING STUDYTo clarify the current status of the TLS
application in plot inventories, an international
benchmarking study was launched in 2014,
led by EuroSDR and partly funded by the
European Community’s Seventh Framework
Programme Project Advanced_SAR
([FP7/2007–2013] under grant agreement
No. 606971). The main objective of this
current benchmarking study is to understand
recent developments of TLS methodologies in
plot inventories by comparing and evaluating
the quality, accuracy and feasibility of the
automatic and semi-automatic tree extraction
methods based on TLS data. The specific
sub-objectives include studying the accuracy
and feasibility of various methods at the same
test site and, in particular, to describe the
effect of plot characteristics on individual
tree extraction and to assess the difference
FEATURE
27FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
BY XINLIAN LIANG, JUHA HYYPPÄ, HARRI KAARTINEN AND NORBERT PFEIFER
coordination, collection and distribution
of all the data, and the evaluation as well
as publication of the results. Preliminary
test data became available for partners in
February 2015. So far, 23 international
partners, including six from Asia, 13 from
Europe, three from North America and one
from Oceania, have received the data and 12
partners have submitted their results. The
methods in benchmarking show a high level
of automation and are providing results at
reasonable accuracies.
between results from single- and multi-scan
data collection approaches.
This study involves and supports more than
20 participating national mapping agencies,
companies, universities and research
organisations, which have developed their
own processing methods or modified existing
methods. Meanwhile, the study is also open
for techniques still in the research phase.
Each participant uses the same dataset
to measure tree position, tree height, the
diameter-at-the-breast-height (DBH), stem
curve (stem diameter as function of height)
and digital terrain model (DTM). Results
from all the partners are evaluated using the
same reference data and methods. Figure 2
illustrates the parameters studied.
BENCHMARKING TESTSThe test data was collected from 24 forest
plots, located in a southern boreal forest
in Evo, Finland (61.19ºN, 25.11ºE) in the
summer of 2014. There, the main tree species
are Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver
and downy birches. Each plot had a fixed
size of 32 x 32m. The test forest plots varied
in species, growth stages and management
activities including both homogenous
and less-managed (and therefore less-
homogenous) forests. Figure 3 shows two
forest plots with clearly different structures.
The forest in Figure 3(a) is dominated by pine
trees on a flat terrain. There are 50 trees with
a mean tree height of 19m. The forest plot
in Figure 3(b) is more complex due to the
steep terrain and having plenty of young trees.
There are 168 trees with a mean tree height of
12m. The point cloud data was down-sampled
to every fifth point to visualise the varied forest
stand situation.
Five scans were made in each plot – at the plot
centre and in north-east, south-east, south-
west and north-west directions. Using five
scanning positions in the multi-scan approach
is a typical data-acquisition set-up which is a
trade-off between the field scanning cost and
the data quality (the merged TLS point cloud
normally covers all trees within the forest plot).
The test data included both single-scan and
multi-scan TLS data. The centre scan was
used as the single-scan data. All five scans
were also registered using reference targets
and merged as the multi-scan data (Figure 4).
The Finnish Geospatial Research Institute
(FGI) is currently responsible for overall
project management, including the general
Figure 3, Two forest plots with clearly different structures.
Figure 4, A forest plot in the single-scan and multi-scan terrestrial laser scanning mode.
EVALUATING THE RESULTSThe study is now in the evaluation phase.
Using standardised data and evaluation
methods, the extraction of tree positions, tree
heights, DBH, stem curve and DTM were
evaluated. The current results show variances
between methods and data collection
approaches. Figure 5 shows the averaged
root mean square errors (RMSEs) of DTMs
from all the participants in each test plot. The
results from single-scan and multi-scan data
are marked in red and blue, respectively.
Figure 5, The averaged RMSEs of DTMs from all the participants in each test plot.
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
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No
2945
Naamloos-1 1 07-01-2016 09:25:37
FEATURE
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 29
No
2565
DR XINLIAN LIANGDr Xinlian Liang is a senior research scientist and a team leader at the Department of
Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry (Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FGI) and the Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research (Academy of Finland).
PROF JUHA HYYPPÄ Distinguished Prof Juha Hyyppä is director of the Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research
(Academy of Finland), director of National Land Survey of Finland and member of the Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry (Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FGI)..
As expected, the single-scan results are
clearly less accurate than those from the
multi-scan data. Clear variances are also
noticeable between forest plots under
different forest conditions, as well as between
study partners. When building a DTM from
the multi-scan TLS, the results showed a
mean RMSE at 12.7cm, the minimum at
6.5cm and the maximum value of 28.9cm;
for the single-scan TLS, they are 32.3cm,
8.5cm and 101.3cm, respectively (greater
error). As for the best-performing participant,
the mean RMSE of the DTM is 7.5cm, the
minimum is 4.5cm and the maximum is
13.0cm when using the multi-scan data; for
the single-scan data, they are 21.3cm, 7.9cm
and 52.8cm respectively (greater error).
OUTLOOKThe other extracted parameters such as tree
position, tree height, DBH and stem curve are
under evaluation and the results will be
published in detail in future study updates.
The final report of the study is expected to be
published by June 2016. The TLS data used in
this benchmarking study will remain available
to everyone for further research purposes. The
results will not only summarise the state of the
art of automated TLS plot inventory methods,
but will also lead to guidelines for operational
work. Hence, this study will shape the future
PROF HARRI KAARTINENProf Harri Kaartinen completed his doctoral thesis at Aalto University on benchmarking of laser scanning systems and point cloud
processing in 2013. He is a research professor with the Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry (Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FGI).
PROF NORBERT PFEIFERProf Norbert Pfeifer obtained his PhD in terrain modelling from TU Wien in Austria, then moved to TU Delft in The Netherlands
in 2003 to work as an assistant professor in laser scanning. In 2006 he became senior researcher at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, in the Department of Geography and became a full professor in photogrammetry at TU Wien in 2009.
application and identify necessary research
steps so that traditional analogue forest
inventory methods can one day be replaced by
TLS-based methods.
©2016, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Spectra Precision is a Division of Trimble Navigation Limited. Trimble, the Globe & Triangle logo and Spectra Precision are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States Patent and Trademark office and in other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. (2016/01)
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Naamloos-10 1 25-01-2016 12:15:39
FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL | 31
GIM PERSPECTIVES
After a surprisingly lengthy delay, the
geocommunity became aware of the
advantages of 3D visualisation and, in recent
years, this technology has become a real
hype. However, despite the increasing
availability of ‘real’ 3D geodata, i.e. actual
xyz datasets rather than 2.5D data, the
majority of data processors and users have
only taken pseudo-3D depictions into
consideration. In this context, consideration
of a recent (2015) edition of the leading
magazine called 3D Visualization World reveals that four out of the five articles under
the heading ‘Latest News’ deal with new
remote sensing data
or global mapping. None of them deal with
3D geovisualisation itself – irrespective of
whether we understand ‘3D’ to mean
‘pseudo’ 3D or actual stereoscopic ‘true 3D’.
In a feature article in GIM International in
2013, I previously asked “How three-
dimensional is 3D cartography?”. Even now,
almost three years later, the number of truly
three-dimensional, i.e. autostereoscopic,
geodisplays which can be spontaneously
viewed without viewing aids like polarisation
or anaglyph glasses has not increased
significantly. Why not? Is ‘true 3D’ still
considered a gimmick, a ‘nice-to-have’
rather than a ‘must-have’? For several years,
so-called lenticular foil maps have been the
most prominent representatives on the
hardcopy side. Recently, however, triggered
by the TV and gaming industry, electronic
softcopy displays have been undergoing a
dynamic development.
Since the visual perception of normal-sighted
persons is stereoscopic, it definitely makes
Gimmick, Hype or Necessity?sense to use modern technologies in order
to generate geovisualisations for truly three-
dimensional viewing. Besides their use for
spatial modelling of georelief, these methods
can also be applied for three-dimensional
visualisation of thematic information with
three or more parameters represented at
different depth levels. By making use of
particular visual processing mechanisms, the
viewers are offered the possibility to derive
three-dimensional objects spontaneously
from an apparent ‘one-image depiction’.
In recent studies, a joint German research
team from Bochum University and TU
Dresden was able to stringently prove by
means of user tests that autostereoscopic
thematic maps with geodata displayed at
different viewing depths increase the speed of
information extraction and may therefore also
allow depiction of more data. At ICA’s 2015
International Cartographic Conference in Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil, the first true-3D (lenticular
foil) map showing two superimposed surfaces
of the Antarctic was on display. The bedrock
beneath the ice shield can be viewed through
a turquoise hexagonal wire-frame
representation of the ice surface. This proves
that we are now methodologically able to
display two (or even more) planes on top of
each other autostereoscopically, thus providing
immense possibilities for various applications
such as construction planning or mining to
name but a few. Hence urban main networks,
for example, could be displayed in their three-
dimensional position beneath digital surface
models or digital terrain models.
Is true 3D geovisualisation a gimmick,
nice-to-have, hype or indispensable tool?
BY MANFRED BUCHROITHNER, TU DRESDEN, GERMANY
MANFRED BUCHROITHNERManfred Buchroithner has been Full Professor for Cartography at TU Dresden, Germany, since 1992. His major research interests centre around high-relief terrain and (true) 3D mapping using advanced remote sensing technologies. His professional activities are focused on the production of high-mountain trekking maps, 4D glacier mapping and laser scanning of caves. He has written and edited several books in the fields of cartography and remote sensing.
As already indicated, under certain
circumstances the new autostereoscopic
possibilities of geovisualisation are necessary
and efficient for analysis and replacement of
actual physical models. Just a few days into
2016, the world-famous Argentinean film
director and screenwriter Gaspar Noé, when
asked why he loves to produce films in 3D,
simply answered: “3D images are much
closer to life”. The same holds true for
geodata!
SINCE THE VISUAL PERCEPTION OF NORMAL-SIGHTED PERSONS IS STEREOSCOPIC, IT DEFINITELY MAKES SENSE TO USE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN ORDER TO GENERATE GEO VISUALISATIONS FOR TRULY THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEWING
Manfred Buchroithner.
3D Visualisation of Geodata
No
2913
Naamloos-1 1 22-10-15 08:55
REPORTBY PAUL VAN ASPEREN, MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT, THE NETHERLANDS
33FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
The International Conference on Geospatial
Technologies for Sustainable Urban and Rural
Development, held from 18-20 November
2015 in Rwanda’s capital, Kigali, attracted
over 125 participants. Many were from the
East African region, but attendees also came
from The Netherlands, Asia and North and
South America. Four keynote speeches and
over 40 papers were presented.
LAND ADMINISTRATIONRwanda – known as ‘the land of a thousand
hills’ – has made enormous progress in land
administration, which was one of the main
themes of the conference. In 2008, the
government of Rwanda initiated systematic
registration of all privately held land. This
was an implementation of the Land Policy
of 2004 followed by the Organic Land Law
of 2005, which was amended in the New
Land Law of 2013. Through this Land
Tenure Regularisation (LTR) programme,
all 10.4 million parcels were registered
between 2009 and 2014, at an average
cost of USD8 per parcel. The registration
and its maintenance was decentralised to
30 District Land Bureaus. The logistics of
this exercise included employing 5,000
people for demarcation, and printing 30,000
certificates daily. As a result of the LTR
Rwanda’s ranking on the World Bank’s ‘Doing
Business’ benchmark for registering property
improved from 60 in 2008 to number 12 in
2015. The programme improved the position
of women in terms of property rights and
improved tenure security. Some challenges
remain, however, including high transfer fees
The University of Twente (UT), The Netherlands, has collaborated with the University of Rwanda (UR) on a project called ‘Strengthening the Capacity of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences at the University of Rwanda, for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic development of Rwanda’. The International Conference on Geospatial Technologies for Sustainable Urban and Rural Development was held recently to disseminate the achievements of the project.
(USD40) and small average agricultural plot
sizes (0.6ha).
URBAN AND RURAL PLANNINGAnother main theme of the conference was
urban and rural planning relating to high rates
of urbanisation, high population densities (415
people per km2), Rwanda’s hilly topography,
food security, etc. Although 71.2% of the
population live in rural areas, the rate of
urbanisation is high (6.4%). It is estimated that
62.5% of the residents of Kigali live in informal
settlements, where services are gradually
being improved. Geospatial technologies are
being applied to provide detailed and up-to-
date spatial information. Low-cost unmanned
aerial systems (UASs) have been piloted in
Kigali and have provided highly accurate data
relating to buildings, roads, land use, drainage
and other essential information (Figure 1).
Although the local population did not generally
perceive the use of UASs as a problem,
residents expressed concerns about forced
displacement and expropriation.
CONCLUDING REMARKSThe government of Rwanda aims to increase
the annual growth of agriculture from 4.9% to
at least 8.5% by 2020 and also intends the
nation to be a middle-income country by
then. The country is proving to be a fast
learner and a quick implementer; Rwanda not
only ‘copied’ the policies from neighbouring
Tanzania but also implemented them. The
government’s aims are likely to be achieved
through smart use of geoinformation and
related systems and applications.
Strengthening Capacity
GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE LAND OF A THOUSAND HILLS
Figure 1, Image of Kigali acquired by UAS photogrammetry.
The Nuffic-funded project called ‘Strengthening the Capacity of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences at the University of Rwanda, for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic development of Rwanda’ is a joint effort of the University of Rwanda (UR) and the University of Twente in The Netherlands. Over the years, the UR-UT partnership has produced more than 30 MSc graduates and five PhD graduates. Furthermore, as a result of the collaboration, UT currently has over 150 alumni from Rwanda.
3434 | INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 0163434
Lidar is a remote sensing technology that
measures distance by illuminating a target
time-consuming. Ultimately, most companies
on the market are either offering accurate 3D
maps at high prices or producing affordable
3D maps with compromised quality.
Therefore, it becomes extremely difficult to
achieve advanced Lidar applications.
DIPPER, a spin-off from the University of
Twente (UT), was founded in December 2014
in Enschede, The Netherlands. Supported by
a top research group on Lidar mapping,
DIPPER, a spin-off company from the University of Twente, provides a breakthrough solution for processing massive Lidar data accurately and efficiently. It offers comprehensive services related to Lidar data processing and 3D scene modelling. Since the self-developed software is highly automated, one operator working with DIPPER on one laptop can create high-quality 3D maps for 10,000 buildings within just one week – equivalent to at least ten times faster than normal. The high efficiency and accuracy boost large-scale applications such as asset management, smart city, securities development and urban planning. So far, DIPPER has successfully created 3D models for five international cities.
DIPPER
Producing High-quality 3D Maps from Lidar
Every month GIM International invites a company to introduce itself in these pages. The resulting article, entitled Company’s View, is subject to the usual copy editing procedures, but the publisher takes no responsibility for the content and the views expressed are not necessarily those of the magazine. More information: [email protected].
Figure 1, A 3D city scene of The Hague showing buildings, land, waterways and roads, reconstructed by automated processing software developed by DIPPER. 3D city maps can be used in solar energy calculation, flood control, noise simulation and sensor layout design, etc.
with a laser and analysing the reflected light.
It is able to create intricate three-dimensional
maps in places where bad weather or thick
vegetation hamper traditional aerial mapping.
In addition, an airborne Lidar system provides
3D data with 5cm accuracy in the vertical
direction, which is much better than the
50cm accuracy achieved by dense matching
from stereo images. However, current Lidar
data processing involves intense manual
work, making it very expensive and
COMPANY’S VIEW
35FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
DIPPER has successfully converted 20 years
of pioneering scientific achievements into
commercial products. The company has
developed novel algorithms which enable
ultrafast and highly automated data
processing. Meanwhile, it also provides
reliable 3D ICT services including solar
energy calculation, flood control, noise
simulation and sensor layout design. With its
unique technology, competence and
flexibility, DIPPER can provide customised
products and services according to the
situation, application and requirement.
LEVEL OF DETAILDIPPER’s technology can significantly
improve efficiency by creating high-quality 3D
building models with a remarkable degree of
automation. The quality levels of 3D maps
can be determined by how many details they
provide. At Level of Detail 1 (LoD1) buildings
are reconstructed in just one height, which
leads to all the building models being
displayed with flat roofs. In comparison, at
Level of Detail 2 (LoD2), the roof
constructions including dormers can be
clearly modelled in 3D. Considerable effort is
needed to improve the level of detail from
LoD1 to LoD2. The DIPPER software can
construct 3D building models at LoD2 using
Lidar data collected from a helicopter or an
aircraft. During the data processing by the
software, the Lidar points on buildings are
firstly recognised and segmented into
individual roof faces. The roof structures are
then inferred and primitive sub-buildings are
detected and modelled. More impressively, if
an error is discovered in the roof construction,
the software is able to automatically recognise
and memorise the error patterns, and then
correct repeated errors in other buildings
models. Therefore, this algorithm ensures the
high quality of the 3D model.
The 3D map application market is currently
booming. The international market reached
USD1.90 billion in 2015 and is predicted to
increase to USD16.99 billion by 2020 at an
estimated CAGR of 55.0%, according to
market research company M&M. From a
regional perspective, the Dutch government is
developing its national service for large-scale
3D topography. Cities like Amsterdam,
Rotterdam and The Hague (Figure 1) have
launched projects to invest the application of
3D maps for city visualisation, management
and communication. Moreover, companies
focusing on solar energy, insurance, security
and city planning are increasingly using 3D
BY BIAO XIONG, DIPPER, THE NETHERLANDS
More informationwww.dipper3d.com
information for business development and
information support purposes. Accordingly,
the demand for affordable and accurate 3D
Lidar processing and modelling is growing
fast, and DIPPER is ahead of this trend.
LIDAR DATA PROCESSINGIn 2015, DIPPER developed advanced toolkits
for Lidar data processing. One important
function of the toolkits is to model the urban
scene, such as buildings, terrain, power
corridors (Figure 2) and trees, with high
efficiency and accuracy. This means that
DIPPER is able to combine 3D building
models with environmental parameters and
provide detailed overviews and smart
suggestions for many advanced applications,
including solar energy analysis, noise
management, flood control and urban
planning. Meanwhile, DIPPER has
established close connections with many
government organisations in both The
Netherlands and China, including Dutch
Kadaster, municipalities and utility firms; so
far DIPPER has made high-quality 3D maps
for five Dutch cities and a Chinese power
firm. Supported by these achievements,
DIPPER is also exploring business
opportunities within non-governmental
organisations such as solar panel companies,
insurance companies and the LoRa Alliance
for the Internet of Things.
“Our aim is to provide easy-to-use
applications. We are transforming massive
Lidar data into semantic and concise 3D
vector data,” says Biao Xiong, DIPPER’s CEO.
After completing his PhD degree at UT, Xiong
launched the start-up with four passionate
colleagues: “We have successfully processed
Lidar data for city, forest, railway, power
corridor and industry scenes. The data
processing varies from multi-scan registration
and point cloud classification to 3D scene
modelling. Since we work closely and
effectively in a flexible environment, we are
able to respond quickly to the challenging
problems raised by customers every day. As
DIPPER’s slogan is ‘Showing, Solving and
Leading’ and that perfectly sums up what we
are trying to achieve, i.e. to show a new view
of the world via 3D Lidar maps, to solve
complex problems and help with smart
decision-making by developing toolkits, and
to lead Lidar processing technology by
keeping innovation alive. Moreover, as an
innovative company aiming to build a bright
future, DIPPER is also willing to contribute to
the development of new concepts such as
self-driving cars and smart city development.”
COUNTRYWIDE 3D MAPIn 2016, DIPPER will make a detailed 3D map
of the whole of The Netherlands from
airborne Lidar data. It will be the world’s first
countrywide 3D map at LoD2. Over the next
five years, DIPPER is planning to work with
other pioneering countries that are eager to
obtain accurate 3D maps. As an innovative
company, it will continue to invest in research
and development to improve the software and
workflow and to applying cutting-edge
technologies including deep learning, big data
mining, cloud processing for automatic
interpretation and 3D modelling.
Figure 2, A 3D scene of a very-high-voltage transmission line in China showing pylons, power lines, buildings and trees. A 3D map of a transmission corridor can be used in vegetation clearance management, risk management and new plan design.
No
2952
No
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ORGANISATIONS
37FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
GSDIGlobal Spatial Data
Infrastructure Association
Special Events during the FIG Working Week in Christchurch, New ZealandThe FIG 2016 Working Week will be held from
2-6 May 2016 in Christchurch, New Zealand.
This event is an exciting week-long confer-
ence that brings together the international
community of surveying, spatial and cadastral
professionals. The theme of the 2016 FIG
Working Week is ‘Recovery from Disaster’.
Many inhabitants throughout the world face
various kinds of disasters, such as flooding,
storms, tsunamis, drought and the after-
effects of conflict, etc. Surveying and land
professionals are key in making an important
contribution to improve, simplify and shorten
the disaster mitigation, rehabilitation and
reconstruction phase.
During the first plenary session the mayor of
Christchurch and high-level governmental
representatives will present ‘The Christchurch
Story’: Christchurch’s response to the 2011
earthquake. Focus is on lessons learnt from
the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence. The
second plenary concentrates on surveyors’
responses to the Disaster Management and
Recovery Framework. Long-term experiences
will be shared from the 2011 Great East
Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and the
subsequent impact on – and the challenges
ahead for – the surveying and geospatial
professional in disaster response, recovery
and resilience will be discussed. This session
includes perspectives from The World Bank
and the United Nations Committee of Experts
on Global Geospatial Information
Management (UN-GGIM). The third plenary is
themed ‘The Public, the Private and the
People’s Response for Disaster Management
and Recovery in the Surveying Profession’.
New technologies are on the agenda.
A series of special events will be organised in
cooperation with the Food and Agricultural
Organisation (FAO) and the Global Land Tool
Network (GLTN). Notable issues include the
voluntary guidelines on the responsible
governance of tenure of land fisheries and forests
and fit-for-purpose approaches in land
administration. This year’s Academic Members
Forum will be organised in cooperation with FAO.
The role and impact of land professionals in
responding to climate change and security of
tenure in small island developing states has
been on the FIG agenda for many years.
During the FIG Working Week in May 2016
this subject will once again be the focus of
attention at a pre-workshop on 30 April and 1
May 2016. The workshop is open to anyone
who may be interested.
The International Institution of History for
Surveying and Measurement, a permanent
institution of FIG, is hosting a two-day
symposium. Day One will focus on the
boundaries of the South Pacific and answer
the question ‘Are the Islands Sinking?’ and
the second day will be based on the theme
‘From Mercator to Cook to Silent Cinema:
Surveyors of the World’.
The 3rd FIG Young Surveyors Network
Conference will be held prior to the Working
Week, likewise on from 30 April to 1 May
2016. The theme is in alignment with the
theme of the Working Week: ‘Disaster Relief
and Charity Activities’.
It is a long-standing FIG tradition to provide
an international forum to affiliate members
and invite director generals (and/or their
deputies) to participate, meet and exchange
experiences during the FIG Working Weeks
and Congresses. FIG Corporate Platinum
members – Bentley, Esri, Leica and Trimble –
will each give their view on the latest
professional and technical developments in a
special session in the technical programme.
Nepal Workshop: SDI Research on Disaster Risk Reduction The Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI)
Association held a one-day tutorial workshop
entitled ‘Sharing SDI Research on Disaster
Risk Reduction’ on 24 November 2015 in
Kathmandu, Nepal [1]. The tutorial was
organised jointly with the International
Society of Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing (ISPRS) WGIV/4, in association with
Kathmandu University (KU), Survey
Department (SD), Land Management
Training Center (LMTC), University of
Southern Queensland (USQ), University of
Melbourne/CDMPS, Nepal Institute of
Chartered Surveyors (NICS), and Nepal
Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry
Society (NRSPS) in the CV Raman
Auditorium at the Kathmandu University
Dhulikhel.
The tutorial was part of the overall programme
of international workshops on “The Role of
Land Professionals and Spatial Data
Infrastructure in Disaster Risk Reduction in
the Context of the Post-2015 Nepal
Earthquake” [2], which was organised by the
International Federation of Surveyors (FIG)
Commission 2 (Professional Education) and
ISPRS WG IV/4 (Geospatial Data
More informationwww.fig.net
383838 | INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 016
Department of Nepal, chaired the second
technical session. The panel discussion was
chaired by Professor Ramesh Kumar Maskey,
associate dean, School of Engineering,
Kathmandu University. Finally, Dr Dev Raj
Paudyal summarised the workshop outputs
and Professor Ramesh Kumar Maskey closed
the panel discussion session.
Professor Marguerite Madden, Director of
the Center for Geospatial Research (CGR),
Department of Geography, University of
Georgia and second vice president of ISPRS,
presented on ‘Geospatial Technologies and
People: Respond and Recover’. Professor
Kevin McDougall, head of the School of Civil
Engineering and Surveying, University of
Southern Queensland, Australia, presented
on ‘Challenges and Opportunities in Utilising
SDI and Crowdsourced Data during
Disasters’. In addition, Dr Nama R.
Budhathoki, executive director, Kathmandu
Living Labs, presented on ‘Digital Innovation
for Social Good’.
On behalf of GSDI and the Centre for Disaster
Management and Public Safety (CDMPS) at
the University of Melbourne, Dr Katie Potts
delivered a presentation on ‘The Next
Generation of Disaster Management’.
Professor emeritus Armin Gruen, chair of
Information Architecture, ETH Zurich,
Switzerland, delivered a presentation on ‘UAV
Technology for Geospatial Data Acquisition’.
All presenters participated in a panel
discussion on the topic of sharing SDI
research for disaster risk reduction. Ms
Florencia Tuladhar fulfilled the role of master
of ceremony in the event and Mr Subash
Ghimire, assistant professor and coordinator
of the geomatics engineering programme
under DCGE, coordinated the event.
Following the tutorial, Dr Potts also attended
the main international workshop, where she
chaired the SDI Development technical
session. Dr Paudyal presented a technical
paper, chaired the SDI development session
and delivered concluding remarks during the
closing ceremony. There were about 360
participants including four ministers and
high-level dignitaries. The main objective of
the conference was to exploit the international
expertise on SDI and land administration to
enhance and improve current disaster risk
reduction efforts in Nepal and related
environments.
Summary by Dr Dev Raj Paudyal, GSDI board member for GSDI Individual Members.
Learn more about the GSDI Association and how to participate at www.gsdiassociation.org.
Introducing Other Members of the New IAG Executive Committee
Members of the IAG Executive Committee, 2015-2019.
Workshop participants at Kathmandu University: photograph taken using a UAV camera.
Infrastructure) from 25-27 November 2015.
GSDI was a media partner for the event and
is pleased to have contributed to the
programme in the spirit of collaboration
envisioned by the Joint Board of Geospatial
Information Societies (JBGIS) [3].
Approximately 60 participants including early
career researchers, students and mid-level
professionals participated in the tutorial. Dr
Dev Raj Paudyal, representative of GSDI
Association’s Individual Members and from the
School of Civil Engineering and Surveying,
University of Southern Queensland, Australia,
was the facilitator of the workshop. Professor
Bhola Thapa, registrar, KU, presented the
welcome speech. There were two technical
sessions followed by panel discussions. Mr
Krishna Raj BC, executive director of Land
Management Training Centre, Nepal, chaired
the first technical session and Mr Madhusudan
Adhikari, director general of Survey
The IAG Executive Committee (IAG-EC)
comprises the IAG president, IAG vice
president, secretary general, past IAG
president, presidents of the four
Commissions, Communications & Outreach
Branch, and Inter-Commission Committee on
Theory, chair of the Global Geodetic
Observing System, three representatives of
the Services, and two members-at-large.
Following on from our introduction to some
members of the IAG-EC in the previous
edition of GIM International (January 2016),
this article introduces the other
members.
President of the Inter-Commission Committee
on Theory: Pavel Novak
Pavel Novák received his MSc in 1989 from
the Czech Technical University in Prague
and he has held the position of professor at
that university since 2007. Since gaining
his PhD from the University of New
Brunswick in Fredericton, Canada, in 1999
his professional experience has included:
TU Berlin (1991-1992), University of New
Brunswick (1996-1999), University of
Calgary (1999-2001), University of
Stuttgart (2002-2004), University of West
Bohemia (since 2004) and Astronomical
More information[1] www.workshopnepal2015.com.np/pre-event.html[2] www.workshopnepal2015.com.np/index.html [3] www.fig.net/jbgis/www.gsdi.org
39FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
ORGANISATIONS
Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences
(2007-2010).
Chair of the Global Geodetic Observing
System: Hansjörg Kutterer
Hansjörg Kutterer studied geodesy at the
University of Karlsruhe and worked there as a
scientific assistant from 1990 to 2000. From
2000 to 2004 he was a scientist at the
Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut
(DGFI), and from 2004 to 2011 he was the
director of the Geodetic Institute at the
University of Hannover. In 2011 he was
appointed director of the German Federal
Agency for Geodesy & Cartography (BKG). In
addition to leading GGOS, he is a member of
several international scientific organisations:
GGOS Inter-Agency Committee (GIAC), Group
on Earth Observation (GEO), EuroGeographics
Management Board, National Delegate to
EUROSDR, and the United Nations
Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial
Information Management (UN-GGIM).
Member at Large: Ludwig Combrinck
Ludwig Combrinck has been involved with IAG
since 1989, through his participation in the
geometric services IVS, IGS and ILRS and has
provided maintenance support for the IDS.
His current activities are in support of the
establishment of a VGOS antenna and LLR at
the Hartesbeesthoek Observatory, as well as
Representative of the Services: Riccardo
Barzaghi
Riccardo Barzaghi is full professor in geodesy
and geomatics at Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
His main research interests are in physical
geodesy, satellite geodesy and the use of
GNSS networks for positioning and
deformation analysis. He was director of the
International Geoid Service and since April
2013 has been chair of the International
Gravity Field Service.
Representative of the Services: Axel
Nothnagel
Axel Nothnagel’s academic career and
recognition include scientific project leader
for geodetic VLBI at CSIR, Johannesburg,
South Africa (1982 to 1988), science group
leader Geodetic VLBI, Rheinische Friedrich-
Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (since August
1991), analysis coordinator of the
International VLBI Service (IVS) (1999 to
2013), member of the Directing Board of the
IERS (2001 to 2008), chairman of the
European VLBI Group for Geodesy and
Astrometry (2005 to 2013) and chairman of
the IVS (since March 2013).
the densification of IGS stations in Africa. In
collaboration with the University of Cape
Town, he is setting up a multi-technique
analysis centre to process VLBI, SLR, LLR,
GNSS, DORIS and geophysical data.
Member at Large: Maria Cristina Pacino
Maria Cristina Pacino graduated from the
National University of Rosario, Argentina, as a
geographic engineer in 1982 and earned her
MSc from the same institution in 1999. She is
currently professor and head of the Surveying
Department and Geodynamics Lab, National
University of Rosario. Maria was president of
the Argentine Association of Geophysics and
Geodesy from 2002 to 2010.
Representative of the Services: Ruth Neilan
Ruth E. Neilan has been the vice-chair of
IAG’s GGOS since 2005 and is director of the
International GNSS Service (IGS) Central
Bureau, which has been a service of the IAG
since 1994. Ruth’s key interests lie in
increasing the visibility and support of IAG’s
GGOS throughout the world and strengthening
support for IGS activities over the next decade
as it incorporates data from all GNSS
constellations. She served on ICSU’s World
Data System Scientific Committee and
currently co-chairs a Working Group on
Reference Frames, Timing & Applications on
the UN International Committee on GNSS.
Cartography and Children: Further Commission NewsIn June 2013, this column reported on the 20th
anniversary of the Barbara Petchenik
Competition, organised by ICA through its
Commission on Cartography and Children to
celebrate the international work of young
cartographers and award prizes for children’s
efforts in mapping the world. This biennial
competition has revealed an extraordinary
depth of artistic talent, scientific awareness and
geographical knowledge in young people from
all over the world who have entered their maps
of our planet into the competition. Volumes of
these maps were published in 2005 and in
2009 by Esri Press. Entitled Children Map the World, these reproduced the highlights and
award winners from 1993 to 2007.
Last year saw further progress in recognising
and reporting on the Barbara Petchenik
Competition. At the 27th International
Cartographic Conference in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, (August 2015), the third volume from
ESRI Press was launched. Entitled Children Map the World: Anniversary Edition (ISBN
number 978-1589484221), the book
contains a selection of 50 drawings entered
for the competition in 2013 as well as a
special choice of 20 previously unpublished
drawings from the earlier competitions. A
further book has been published by
Sinomaps Press in China, concentrating on
those maps submitted and displayed during
the 2009 and 2011 competitions. This
Chair (Carla Cristina de Sena) and vice-chair (Jesus Reyes) of the Cartography and Children Commission at the retrospective Barbara Petchenik Exhibition (Eurocarto 2015 Conference, Technical University of Vienna).
More informationwww.iag-aig.org
www.microsurvey.com/2016www.microsurvey.com/2016www.microsurvey.com/2016
Get the 2 minute run-down and see why
we’re light years ahead of the competition:
MicroSurvey CAD 2016 marks an unprecedented
leap forward in terms of usability and productivity,
including a streamlined interface and a point cloud
engine running on Cyclone.
® MicroSurvey is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by MicroSurvey Software Inc. MicroSurvey is part of Hexagon.
AN INCREDIBLE LEAP FORWARD FOR SURVEYORS
AN INCREDIBLE LEAP FORWARD FOR SURVEYORS
No
2911
Naamloos-10 1 22-10-15 10:30
ORGANISATIONS
41 FEBRUARY 2016 | INTERNATIONAL |
www.microsurvey.com/2016www.microsurvey.com/2016www.microsurvey.com/2016
Get the 2 minute run-down and see why
we’re light years ahead of the competition:
MicroSurvey CAD 2016 marks an unprecedented
leap forward in terms of usability and productivity,
including a streamlined interface and a point cloud
engine running on Cyclone.
® MicroSurvey is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by MicroSurvey Software Inc. MicroSurvey is part of Hexagon.
AN INCREDIBLE LEAP FORWARD FOR SURVEYORS
AN INCREDIBLE LEAP FORWARD FOR SURVEYORS
No
2911
Naamloos-10 1 22-10-15 10:30
volume, entitled The World as Seen by
Children (ISBN number ISBN
978-7503186691), includes maps and
interviews with some of the children who
produced them.
The archive of entries for each of the 12
competitions so far is maintained in Canada
and the website (https://childrensmaps.library.
carleton.ca/) has recently been updated with a
new design and new options for searching.
With over 2,000 scanned and photographed
images of children’s maps, the Barbara
Petchenik Collection is maintained by the team
working at the Maps, Data & Government
Information Centre of the Carleton University
Library in Ottawa, Canada. The hard work of
Joel Rivard, Sherri Sunstrum and Sylvie
Lafortune in scanning the entries and
managing the site is much appreciated, as is
the effort of a team of brothers from Utrecht,
The Netherlands; as international coordinator
of the competition, Peter van der Krogt
collected all entries submitted by countries
and, together with his brother René van der
Krogt, photographed every map. We should
also note the outstanding contribution of Jeet
Atwal, now retired from Carleton University,
who initiated the website in March 2000 and
was its main coordinator until 2014. The entire
resource is a fascinating and valuable
collection of world maps seen through the
eyes of schoolchildren – the cartographers of
the future.
In recognition of having been a major
promoter of the competition, vice-chair of the
Commission on Cartography and Children
Two New ISPRS Events Added in July 2016Two new events have been added to the
ISPRS Congress calendar for July 2016: the
ISPRS/UN-GGIM National Mapping and
Cadastral Agency (NMCA) Forum and the
ISPRS/IAA Space Agency Forum. The
NMCA Forum, chaired by Andre Streilein
(swisstopo, Bern) and Michael Franzen
(BEV, Vienna) will be co-organised with
UN-GGIM, the United Nations initiative on
Global Geospatial Information Management.
Meanwhile, the Space Agency Forum,
chaired by Gunter Schreier (DLR,
Oberpfaffenhofen) and Ian Dowman (UCL,
London) will be co-hosted with the
International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).
Both events will be held from 14-15 July in
Prague, Czech Republic.
On the one hand, National Mapping and
Cadastral Agencies (NMCAs), many of them
organised in UN-GGIM, form a signifi cant
group of members of ISPRS, acting as the
ISPRS Ordinary Member for many countries.
NMCAs play an important role in the
geospatial domain in their homelands,
providing geospatial data of various levels of
detail, types and scales, which form the
basis of today’s geospatial data
infrastructure – an indispensable national
asset for sustainable development of the
country and many other applications.
On the other hand space agencies, many of
them members of IAA, are providers of the
most up-to-date spatial image data of the
Earth and are indispensable partners for the
large remote sensing and spatial information
community. Likewise, more and more
commercial Earth observation satellite
operators are entering the scene and
becoming a partner for the community.
One of the strategic goals of ISPRS and the
XXIII ISPRS Congress in Prague is to highlight
the important role of NMCAs and space
agencies, emphasising the role of practical
applications of ‘Information from Imagery’
within the society. The two new forums are
aligned with this ISPRS strategy to more
closely cooperate with the practical side of our
discipline. Key players from both groups will
discuss scientifi c, technical and societal
issues in the geospatial domain and the role of
imagery for geoinformation. Sessions will
comprise invited and presented papers.
While NMCAs and space agencies play
different roles in the geospatial arena, both
groups have partly overlapping interests,
which is why the two forums will share some
common sessions. These sessions will
address questions such as:
– How do NMCAs use satellite remote sensing
data and what would they like to see improved?
– What are the space agencies’ plans in the
More informationwww.isprs.org
from 2004 to 2007, co-chair from 2007 to
2011, and chair from 2011 to 2015, Dr Jesus
Reyes (Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest,
Hungary) was awarded a Diploma of
Outstanding Service by ICA at the Rio
conference last August. He continues as
vice-chair of the Commission for another term
(2015-2019), with Professor Carla Cristina de
Sena from UNESP, Ourinhos, Brazil, taking
over as leader of this lively Commission (see
http://lazarus.elte.hu/ccc/ccc.htm for
information on its activities).
More informationwww.icaci.org
sphere of data for NMCAs and how can this
cooperation be strengthened?
Both forums will be held on 14 and 15 July,
i.e. during the fi rst week of the Congress. You
are cordially invited to come along, listen and
discuss your issues in the geospatial domain
with the top leaders from NMCAs and space
sgencies.
Christian Heipke, secretary general, ISPRS
AGENDAFUTURE EVENTS
| INTERNATIONAL | F E B RU A RY 2 0164242
No
2915
CALENDAR NOTICESPlease send notices at least 3 months before the event date to: Trea Fledderus, marketing assistant, email: [email protected]
For extended information on the shows mentioned on this page, see our website: www.gim-international.com.
FEBRUARYTUSEXPOThe Hague, The Netherlands
from 02-04 February
For more information:
W: www.tusexpo.com
15. OLDENBURGER 3D-TAGEOldenburg, Germany
from 03-04 February
For more information:
W: http://bit.ly/1NoX4ox
GIM INTERNATIONAL SUMMITAmsterdam, The Netherlands
from 10-12 February
For more information:
W: www.gimsummit.com
EUROCOW 2016Lausanne, Switzerland
from 10-12 February
For more information:
W: www.eurocow.org
INTERNATIONAL LIDAR MAPPING FORUM 2016Denver, CO, USA
from 22-24 February
For more information:
W: www.lidarmap.org/international
AAG ANNUAL MEETINGSan Francisco, CA, USA
from 29 March-02 April
For more information:
W: www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting
APRILINTEREXPO GEO-SIBERIANovosibirsk, Russia
from 20-22 April
For more information:
W: www.expo-geo.ru
GISTAM 2016Rome, Italy
from 26-27 April
For more information:
W: www.gistam.org
MAYFIG WORKING WEEK 2016Christchurch, New Zealand
from 02-06 May
For more information:
W: www.fig.net/fig2016
GEO BUSINESS 2016London, UK
from 24-25 May
For more information:
W: www.geobusinessshow.com
ESRI USER CONFERENCESan Diego, CA, USA
from 27 June - 1 July
For more information:
www.esri.com
JULYXXIII ISPRS CONGRESSPrague, Czech Republic
from 12-19 July
For more information:
W: www.isprs2016-prague.com
SEPTEMBERGEOBIAEnschede, The Netherlands
from 14-16 Serptember
For more information:
W: www.geobia2016.com
OCTOBERINTERGEOHamburg, Germany
from 11-13 October
Fore more information:
W: www.intergeo.de
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le h
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re a
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re u
sed
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ry in a
rea
s a
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d b
y na
tura
l disa
sters
efficient LOGISTICS21%
red
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n in
vehicle
and
associated
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costs
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ble
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tion
s are
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ng
ing
ho
w E
ne
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s an
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DataValueChain_IN
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