Gilbert Simondon Philosophy of the Transindividual

7/29/2019 Gilbert Simondon Philosophy of the Transindividual

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!1Afterword Afterword 89

think of spacing in a Foucauldian way, in terms of potentialityfourth parameter in Simondon's example of crystallization isexternal milieu nor the internal milieu but the two of themIt is the relation between external and internal milieu that

nd Simondon often refers to it as an associated milieu. The asso-is what runs across the structure's contrast (external milieu)(internal milieu). It is thus the ground of the ground, theas it were. And, where terms such as "contrast" and "spac-

largely spatial and static connotations, the associated milieu ischarged, potentiality. If we continue with the example of thethat, when you remove the crystal from its aqueous solu-to grow. Put it back in, and new layers of crystal form. Thisthe internal milieu and external milieu are brought back into

rediscovering the preindividual share or field of potenti-allows the individuation to continue. In sum, the associatedthe energetically charged field running across internal spacingcontrast.tBon Simondon's account of the individuation of theall too often the example of the crystal is extended meta-without any deeper consideration of Simondon's analytics,

every instance of individuation comes to look exactlyof the crystal, that is, physical being. This metaphoric evocation

runs the risk of erasing the very differences that matter toSimondon does not simply extend his account of the physi-

to natural or living being, technical being, and so forth, erasingAgain, he establishes parity in order to account for dis-explores the underlying processes that generate individuals inthe four parameters presented above: (1) remarkable points, thatstructure of the individual; (2) the charged ground or potential-milieu of the individual that is at once external contrast

spacing; (3) the neutral point of the event (absolute origin)that simultaneously sets off individuation and arises inthe field of preindividual being, which is the specific activationwith a specific neutral point, that is, the specific activation ofbetween disparate orders of magnitude that "potentializes" orthe process of individuation. In sum, to think other modes ofanalogically (not metaphorically) with the example of physicalto look at the individual in terms of a sort of energizedconfiguration that has remarkable points, a charged ground

(contrast and spacing), a neutral point, and a plane of disparation crossingorders of magnitude.leWe should also keep in mind that, for Simondon, the individuals inquestion are not just out there, as forms or structures that preexist humanthought. Rather, these individuals are also those given to us by modernsciences and disciplines: sociology approaches society as an individual; psy-chology takes up the psyche as its individual; biology sets up life forms,cells, or species, as individuals; media studies works through the isolationof different media; and so forth. For Simondon, the problem of moder-nity, then, is twofold. On the one hand, there are signs in Simondon ofa Foucauldian concern for how knowledge constructs its objects, becausethe apparatuses or paradigms that discipline, regulate, normativize, or con-trol specific individuals tend to generate knowledge precisely by erasingindividuation (process) and treating the individual (structure or form) asgiven. Simondon's focus on individuation as process evokes the absoluteorigin of the form-ground relation in order to repotentialize the ground ofthe (modern) individual, because this is where resistance (in the electricalsense) to nonprogressive modes of rationalization is already at work, whereresistance may be brought into play, activated, or potentialized in progres-slve ways.

On the other hand, unlike Foucault, who, despite his interest in ThomasKuhn's paradigms as a manner of rethinking history, shied away from theso-called normal sciences,20 Simondon turns to individuation as process inorder to address what he sees as another dangerous tendency of modernknowledge: the isolation of disciplines from one another on the basis oftheir construction of different individuals (society, psyche, medium, organ-ism, species, machine) that are not allowed to communicate with oneanother, whose relationality becomes unthinkable. And he dislikes twocommon responses to this situation: the large metaphysical erasure of dif-ference (every discipline is really talking about the same thing), and what Ihave somewhat unfairly characterized as the cyborg model, that is, a remixor mash-up of individuals from different domains without any concernfor relationality, for actual differences, techniques, apparatuses, and para-digms. This is why Simondon works so intently within and across differentdomains of knowledge: he aims for a truly concerned multidisciplinarity.Placing the human between machines is one of the major concerns formoving in that direction. In this respect, if we wish to retain terms and phe-nomena such as "remix" or "cybotg," for instance, Simondon offers a wayto engage them at a deeper level than a frenetic yet indifferent disassemblyand reassembly of received, socially sanctified individuals.

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Gilbert Simondon Philosophy of the Transindividual

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Transcript of Gilbert Simondon Philosophy of the Transindividual