Gic2011 aula4-ingles-theory
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Information and Knowledge Management
Class 4: Knowledge Management Evolution
Marielba ZacariasProf. Auxiliar DEEI
FCT I, Gab 2.69, Ext. [email protected]
http://w3.ualg.pt/~mzacaria
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SummaryKnowledge as an asset
Origins of the knowledge worker
Types of Intellectual Capital
Initial definition of the types of knowledge
Knowledge Management vs Re-engineering
Web 2.0 Tools
Document sharing
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Origins
Born with language
Formally emerges from developing
formal procedures
products
“leverage” or “know-how” embedded within work practices
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Origins• post-war
• knowledge created during II world war
• proliferation of
• universities
• more knowledgeable workers
• creates knowledge society
• need to manage such knowledge
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At that time..• USA Organizations
• bureaucratic
• hierarchical structures
• high formalization, segmented, centralized
• impersonal environments
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Europe and Asia• Post-war reconstruction
• New ways of organizing and managing organizations
• employes more involved in defining and planning businesses
• managers & employees got together
• focus on quality
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In USA..• Market share starts coming down
• Perception of inefficiencies, fragmentation and resistance to change
• Middle of the 90s
• Formal knowledge management practice
• first in academy...
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“Knowledge Worker”
• Peter Drucker
• Landarmarks of Tomorrow (1959)
• Creates the term “Knowledge worker”
• New class of employee from industrial worker (white collar vs blue collar)
• with unprecedented education levels
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Tacit vs Explicit• Michael Polanyi
• The tacit dimension (1966)
• Difference between tacit and explicit knowledge
• Focus on knowledge
• not only as a product..
• but also as a process (acquisition and deployment)
• Enfasis on tacit knowledge
• Does not exist without human interaction (social process)
• Is MORE than Information Management
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Shared Principles
• J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman
• In Search for Excellence (1982)
• Succesful organizations in competitive environments
• Shared values and practices regardles of their size, mission, product and client base
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The value of IT
• Paul Strassmann
• Information payoff (1985)
• Shows the impact of IT on productivity
• Importance of means to measure and assess the value of human capital
• The concept of knowledge as an identifiable and quatifiable asset emerges
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Re-engineering
• Michael Hammer and James Champy
• Reingeneering the Corporation (1992)
• The situation is so desperate that the only solution is to forget everything and redesign the organization from scratch (white sheet)
• The process paradigm is introduced
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Process Paradigm
vendas
contabilidade
produção
Gerar ordem
Emitir ordem
Verificar crédito
Aprovar crédito
Gerar factura
Assembl. produto
Enviar produto
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The case of Ford
vendedor
vendedor
Contas a pagar
Copia ordem compras
Ordem compra
Nota de envio
factura
pagamento
materiais
mat
eriai
s
Contas a pagar
compras Ordem compra
Sistema
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Results
• Showed that
• Procedures & rules not effective any more
• Renovated several enterprises
• Several failures
• A lot of firings
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Re-engineering forgot..
• Replacing outdated knowledge for knowledge that would be quickly outdated
• Essential knowledge management principles
• continuous improvement and learning
• focus on people as knowledge sources
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Knowledge as an asset• Acknowledgement of
• quality
• customer satisfaction
• innovation
• critical assets
• Innovation as an essential source of competitive advantage
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The continuity principle• In contrast to re-engineering, knowledge
management
• assumes continuous monitoring
• foster continuous change
• aims at continuous innovation
• Continuity understood as a the required change frequency to satisfy market needs
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New Roles• CKO (Chief Knowledge Officer)
• The Knowledge Creating Company
• Nonaka 1995
• SECI model
• 1995
• Knowledge Management peak of popularity
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The role of IT• Scanning of
• Explicit but unstructured knowledge
• Document Management
• for explicit knowledge
• Workflows
• Process Management
• systemic knowledge
• Process analysis and improvement
• Data & Text mining