Gibber Ellin
-
Upload
princex-bella -
Category
Documents
-
view
233 -
download
0
Transcript of Gibber Ellin
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
1/23
GIBBERLLIN
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
2/23
DEFINITION
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant
hormones that regulate growth andinfluence various developmental
processes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormone -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
3/23
RECOGNITION
Gibberellin was first recognized in 1926 by a
Japanese scientist, Eiichi Kurosawa, studying
bakanae, the "foolish seedling" disease in rice.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eiichi_Kurosawa&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakanaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakanaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eiichi_Kurosawa&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
4/23
ISOLATION & NAMING It was first isolated in 1935 byTeijiro Yabuta and
Sumuki, from fungal strains (Gibberella fujikuroi)
provided by Kurosawa.Yabuta named the isolate as gibberellin.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teijiro_Yabuta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberella_fujikuroihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberella_fujikuroihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberella_fujikuroihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberella_fujikuroihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teijiro_Yabuta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teijiro_Yabuta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teijiro_Yabuta&action=edit&redlink=1 -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
5/23
PROPAGATION Interest in gibberellins outside of Japan began after
World War II. In the United States, the first
research was undertaken by a unit at CampDetrick in Maryland, via studying seedlings of thebean Vicia faba.[1] In the United Kingdom, work onisolating new types of gibberellin was undertaken
at Imperial Chemical Industries.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_fabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_fabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_fabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_fabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
6/23
SYNTHESIS
All known gibberellins are diterpenoid
acids that are synthesized by theterpenoid pathway in plastids and thenmodified in the endoplasmicreticulum and cytosol until they reachtheir biologically-active form.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
7/23
NOMENCLATURE
The gibberellins are named
GA1 through GAn in order ofdiscovery. Gibberellic acid,
which was the first gibberellinto be structurallycharacterized, is GA3.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellic_acid -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
8/23
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
9/23
]
As of 2003, there were 126 GAs identified fromplants, fungi, and bacteria.
There are two classes based on the presence ofeither 19 or 20 carbons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellin -
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
10/23
Biological functions
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
11/23
Stem elongation
Gibberellins cause stem elongation and leafexpansion. It is believed that certain types ofdwarfness are due to gibberellin deficiency. But ithas no effect on roots.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
12/23
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
13/23
Seed Germination
Gibberellins promote seed germination in lettuce,
cereals
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
14/23
Breaking of seed dormancy
Gibberellins break dormancy of buds and tubers. Butin root tubers it inhibits the development of the roottuber.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
15/23
Parthenocarpy
Gibberellins cause parthenocarpy in apple and pear.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
16/23
Increasing Fruit Size
Gibberellins along with auxin, control the growth anddevelopment of fruits.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
17/23
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
18/23
Flowering and sex expression
Gibberellins control flowering in plants. Gibberellinspromote the production of male flowers, either inplace of female flowers in monoecious plants or ingenetically female plants such as cucurbits.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
19/23
Agricultural Applications of
Gibberellins
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
20/23
Fruit growth and parthenocarpy
Increased yield (larger size) and better shape of grapesis obtained by treating the fruit bunches with GA. Itinduces parthenocarpy in apples, pears, tomatoes and
cucumbers.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
21/23
Delayed ripening
Gibberellins delay fruit maturity and senescence inlemons, oranges and cherries. This helps in storing thefruits.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
22/23
Flowering
Gibberellins help in the flowering of many plants.
-
7/31/2019 Gibber Ellin
23/23
Breaking of Dormancy
Gibberellins treatment helps in breaking dormancy in
seed potatoes resulting in uniform crop emergence.