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Transcript of GHS around the world - Chemical Watch€¦ · GHS Around the World Aaaaaaaaaaaaa GHS Purple Book...
GHS around the world
Webinar 13 September 2012
Today’s Webinar - Aims
To provide details of the important new GHS-aligned
rules for worker safety announced by the US
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA);
To examine specific (physico-chemical) aspects of
testing requirements for GHS strategies to determine
classifications.
To view the perspective of a global company needing to
comply with GHS-aligned laws emerging in different
countries.
Q&A Session
If you have any unanswered
questions please submit them to
the Chemical Watch Forum,
after the webinar.
http://forum.chemicalwatch.com
Speakers
Michele Sullivan, Consultant, MRS Associates
Mike Weaver, Principal Specialist and
Daniel Baker, Safety Testing Specialist,
Chilworth Technology Limited
Peter Silverans, Team Leader Hazard
Communication, Huntsman
Moderator: Mamta Patel, Editorial Director,
Chemical Watch
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
703-527-2596
GHS Around the
World
Aaaaaaaaaaaaa
GHS Purple Book
OSHA GHS/HCS 2012
Canada/WHMIS
Mexico
Disclaimer: The material contained in this presentation is intended solely for the
purpose of professional development and continuing education. This material is
believed to accurately represent current regulatory requirements and industry
standards for hazard communication. However, the accuracy or completeness of
this information cannot be guaranteed. Users are responsible for determining the
suitability and appropriateness of these materials for any particular application
HCS2012 ©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
2
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
OSHA GHS HCS 2012
• March 26, 2012 Federal Register
• The major change is the switch from performance-
oriented requirements to specified requirements.
• OSHA sought to maintain/enhance the protection
provided by the current rule – scope and application are mostly unchanged, maintaining practical
accommodations made by OSHA
– Not a new regulation; amends HCS 1994
• The HCS 2012 mostly maintains consistency with the
GHS as negotiated/adopted – mostly GHS Rev3 • OSHA has not indicated when it will address GHS Rev4
• Maintains the framework of the current HCS • Only changed provisions that need to be changed to align with GHS
• Only paragraphs that changed are published in the regulatory text in
the final rule
USA-EU ©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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Organization of OSHA HCS 2012
• HCS 2012 Regulatory Text
(a) Purpose
(b) Scope and Application
(c) Definitions
(d) Hazard Classification
(e) Written Hazard
Communication Program
(f) Labels and Other
Forms of Warning
(g) Safety Data Sheets
(h) Employee Information
and Training
(i) Trade Secrets
(j) Effective Dates
Appendices A-F
• Appendix A, Health Hazard Criteria
(Mandatory) (New) – GHS Rev 3 Part 3
• Appendix B, Physical Hazard Criteria
(Mandatory)(New) – GHS Rev 3 Part 2
• Appendix C, Allocation of Label
Elements (Mandatory) (New) – GHS Rev3: Chapter 1, Annex 3
• Pyrophoric Gas, Simple
Asphyxiant, Combustible Dust
• Appendix D, Safety Data Sheets
(Mandatory) (New) – GHS Rev 3 Table 1.5.2
• Appendix E, Definition of “Trade
Secret” (Mandatory)
• Appendix F, Guidance for Hazard
Classifications re: Carcinogenicity
(Non-Mandatory) (New) – GHS Rev 3 Part 3 Chapter 3.6
• IARC, NTP, OSHA additions
USA-EU ©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
4
HCS 2012 Scope
• HCS 2012 applies to any chemical which is known to be
present in the workplace in such a manner that employees
may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a
foreseeable emergency.
• Preempts any legislative or regulatory enactments of a
state, or political subdivision of a state, pertaining to this
subject, except pursuant to a Federally-approved state plan
(27 OSHA state plans)
• Does not preempt California Proposition 65, NJ RTK, etc.
• Practical accommodations for special situations,
laboratories, sealed containers
• Addresses interface with other federal laws, e.g.,
pesticides, consumer products, etc.
HCS 2012
Classification
USA-EU
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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HCS 2012 Hazard Building Blocks
• HCS 2012 includes all GHS Revision 3 physical &
health hazard classes
• HCS 2012 does not include the GHS environmental
hazards
• HCS 2012 does not include the below categories
– Acute Toxicity Category 5
– Skin corrosion/irritation Category 3
– Aspiration hazard Category 2
– Acute aquatic toxicity Category 1-3
– Chronic aquatic toxicity Category 1-4
– Hazardous to the Ozone Layer
USA-EU ©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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Beyond GHS: HCS Non-GHS hazards
HCS 2012
• Hazard Not Otherwise Classified (HNOC)
– Non-GHS adverse physical/health effects
– Adverse effects covered under HCS 1994 and not in GHS
– Include in SDS section 2
– Not on labels
• OSHA defined hazards – Pyrophoric gases, combustible dust, simple asphyxiants
• Hazardous chemical means any chemical which is
classified as a physical hazard or a health hazard, a
simple asphyxiant, combustible dust, pyrophoric gas, or
Hazard Not Otherwise Classified.
HCS2012
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HCS 2012 HNOC
• Hazard not otherwise classified (HNOC) means an adverse
physical or health effect identified through evaluation of
scientific evidence during the classification process that does
not meet the specified criteria for the physical and health
hazard classes addressed in this section.
• This does not extend coverage to adverse physical and
health effects for which there is a hazard class addressed in
this section, but the effect either falls below the cut-off
value/concentration limit of the hazard class or is under a
GHS hazard category that has not been adopted by OSHA
(e.g., acute toxicity Category 5).
• Hazards not otherwise classified do not have to be
addressed on containers but must be addressed in SDS
section 2
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
HCS 2012 OSHA Defined Hazards
Hazard Pyrophoric Gas Simple Asphyxiant Combustible Dust*
Definition a chemical in a gaseous state that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130 degrees F (54.4 degrees C) or below.
a substance or mixture that displaces oxygen in the ambient atmosphere, and can thus cause oxygen deprivation in those who are exposed, leading to unconsciousness and death.
None
Pictogram
No pictogram No pictogram
Signal word Danger Warning Warning
Hazard statement
Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation
May form combustible dust concentrations in air
*The chemical manufacturer or importer shall label chemicals that are shipped in dust form, and present a combustible dust hazard in that form when used downstream, under paragraph (f)(1); 2) the chemical manufacturer or importer shipping chemicals that are in a form that is not yet a dust must provide a label to customers under paragraph (f)(4) if, under normal conditions of use, the chemicals are processed in a downstream workplace in such a way that they present a combustible dust hazard; and 3) the employer shall follow the workplace labeling requirements under paragraph (f)(6) where combustible dust hazards are present.
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
Physical hazards covered by HCS 2012
1. Explosives (HCS B2.1)
2. Flammable gases (HCS B2.2)
3. Flammable Aerosols (HCS B2.3)
4. Oxidizing gases (HCS B2.4)
5. Gases under pressure (HCS
B2.5)
6. Flammable liquids (HCS B2.6)
7. Flammable solids (HCS B2.7)
8. Self-reactive substances and
mixtures (HCS B2.8)
9. Pyrophoric liquids (HCS B2.9)
− Pyrophoric gases (HCS §(c))
10. Pyrophoric solids (HCS B2.10)
11. Self-heating substances and
mixtures (HCS B2.11)
12. Substances and mixtures
which, in contact with water,
emit flammable gases (HCS
B2.12)
13. Oxidizing liquids (HCS B2.13)
14. Oxidizing solids (HCS B2.14)
15. Organic peroxides (HCS B2.15)
16. Corrosive to metals (HCS
B2.16)
− Combustible dust (HCS C4.30)
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
HCS2012
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Health hazards covered by HCS 2012
1. Acute toxicity (HCS 2012 A1.1)
2. Skin corrosion/irritation (HCS 2012 A1.2)
3. Serious eye damage/eye irritation (HCS 2012 A1.3)
4. Respiratory or skin sensitization (HCS 2012 A1.4)
5. Germ cell mutagenicity (HCS 2012 A1.5)
6. Carcinogenicity (HCS 2012 A1.6)
7. Reproductive toxicity (HCS 2012 A1.7)
8. Specific target organ toxicity- single exposure (HCS
2012 A1.8)
9. Specific target organ toxicity- repeated exposure (HCS
2012 A1.9)
10. Aspiration hazard (HCS 2012 A1.10)
• Simple asphixyiant (HCS 2012 (c))
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
USA-EU ©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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OSHA HCS 2012: Carcinogenicity
• Chemical manufacturers, importers and employers evaluating
chemicals may treat the following sources as establishing that a
substance is a carcinogen or potential carcinogen for hazard
communication purposes in lieu of applying the GHS criteria:
– National Toxicology Program (NTP), “Report on Carcinogens” (latest
edition);
– International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) “Monographs on
the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans” (latest editions)
– Where cancer is included as a health hazard for a chemical covered by
29 CFR part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, the
chemical shall be classified as a carcinogen.
• Where the weight of evidence for the carcinogenicity of a substance
does not meet the criteria, any positive study conducted in
accordance with established scientific principles, and which reports
statistically significant findings regarding the carcinogenic potential
of the substance, must be noted on the SDS.
OSHA
Mixture
Summary
HCS 1994
OSHA HCS 2012
Acute toxicity 1% ATE; 1 % Or < 1 % where relevant
Skin corrosion/ irritation 1% Calculation, cutoffs; 1 % Or < 1 % where relevant
Eye Damage/Irritation 1% Calculation, cutoffs; 1 % Or < 1 % where relevant
Skin sensitization Cat 1
1%
0.1%
Cat 1A 0.1%
Cat 1B 1.0%
Respiratory sensitization Cat 1
1%
0.1%
Cat 1A 0.1%
Cat 1B 1.0 % [ 0.2% for gases]
Mutagenicity: Cat 1
1% 0.1% Cat 1 = SDS/label
Category 2 1% Cat 2 = SDS/label
Carcinogenicity: Category 1
0.1%
0.1% Cat 1 = SDS/label
Category 2
0.1% 1% Cat 2 = SDS (optional label)
1% Cat 2 = SDS/label
Reproductive toxicity: Cat. 1 / Lactation
1%
0.1% Cat 1 = SDS/label
Category 2 0.1% Cat 2 = SDS/label
STOT: Category 1
1%
1% Cat 1 = Cat 1 SDS/label
Category 2 1% Cat 2 = Cat 2 SDS/label
Category 3 20% generally additive
Aspiration: Category 1
1% ≥ 10% of Cat 1’s and kinematic viscosity ≤ 20.5 mm2/s @ 40°C
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
HCS 2012 Labels
HCS 1994 (performance)
• containers of hazardous chemicals – Product identifier
– Signal word
– Hazard statement(s)
– Pictogram(s)
– Precautionary statement(s)
– Name, address, telephone number of
responsible party
– In some cases, • OSHA Defined Hazards
• × percent of the mixture consists of
ingredient(s) of unknown acute
toxicity
• Supplemental information
• 6 month updating of significant information
regarding hazards
• HNOC do not have to be addressed on
containers • No H/P statement numbers/codification
• containers of hazardous
chemicals
– Identity of hazardous
chemical(s)
– Appropriate hazard
warnings
– Name/address of
chemical manufacturer,
importer, or other
responsible party.
– (3 month updating -
stayed)
HCS 2012 (specified)
OSHA Labels on Shipped Containers
Specified
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
Label Variations
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
OSHA HCS 2012
Hazard statements (HS)
Additional label elements for OSHA defined hazards: combustible dust (label dusts vs solids), simple asphyxiants, pyrophoric gases
require the GHS HS text unless it can be demonstrated that all or part of the statement is inappropriate to a specific substance or mixture
Hazards not otherwise classified do not have to be addressed on containers Precautionary statements (PS)
require GHS PS text unless it can be demonstrated that the statement is inappropriate to a specific substance or mixture
PS may be combined or consolidated to save label space and improve readability.
For multiple hazards with similar PS, include the most stringent (usually preventive measures). An order of precedence may be imposed in situations for “response” phrases and rapid action concerns.
HS& PS Codification
No numbers/codification in HCS 2012
Label Format No label or pictogram size specifications; prominently displayed
No small package provisions
signal word, hazard statement(s), pictogram(s) located together Pictogram Precedence
If the skull and crossbones is included, the exclamation mark shall not appear where it is used for acute toxicity
Target organs No target organ limitations
Label Disclosure
Only product identifier required; ingredients classified as health hazards must be disclosed on SDS unless they are a trade secret.
HCS 2012 SDSs
Safety data sheets
HCS2012
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OSHA HCS 2012: SDS
• HCS 2012 presents all 16 SDS Sections for
consistency and harmonization
– OSHA will not enforce information requirements in sections 12
through 15, as these areas are not under its jurisdiction
• HCS 2012 Appendix D indicates that a subheading
“within a section” needs to be marked when no
relevant information is available
• OSHA does not consider the subheading letters to be
mandatory, but the information each subheading
identifies is required to be included
• In section 2, GHS symbols may be a graphic or the
symbol name
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
SDS Variations
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
OSHA HCS 2012
Format Few proposed USA specific provisions
Basis GHS Table 1.5.2 Minimum information for an SDS
Lettered SDS subsections – not mandatory
Sections 12, 13, 14 and 15 non-mandatory
Label Elements Hazard symbols may be provided as graphical reproductions or the name of the symbol, e.g., flame, skull and crossbones.
Language The chemical manufacturer or importer preparing the SDS shall ensure that it is in English (although the employer may maintain copies in other languages as well).
OELs OSHA PELs, ACGIH TLVs and any other OELs used are required
Cancer If the hazardous chemical is listed in the NTP) or has been found to be a potential carcinogen in the IARC Monographs, or by OSHA.
Updating SDSs SDSs shall be updated within 3 months of becoming aware of any significant information regarding the hazards or ways to protect against the hazards
Provide an appropriate SDS with the initial shipment, and with the first shipment after SDS is updated
Trade secrets Trade secret provisions apply to composition percentages and specific chemical identity information of health hazards for hazardous substances and hazardous substances in mixtures
HCS 2012 Compliance dates
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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GHS HCS 2012 (j) Effective Dates
Effective Completion Date Requirement(s) Who
December 1, 2013 Train employees on the new label elements and safety data sheet (SDS) format.
Employers
June 1, 2015*
December 1, 2015
Compliance with all modified provisions of this final rule, except:
The Distributor shall not ship containers labeled by the chemical manufacturer or importer unless it is a GHS label
Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers
June 1, 2016 Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard communication program as necessary, and provide additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards. Includes the substance specific standard changes
Employers
Transition Period to the effective completion dates noted above
May comply with either 29 CFR 1910.1200 (the final standard), or the current standard, or both
Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and employers
*This date coincides with the European Union implementation date for classification of mixtures.
HCS2012
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OSHA GHS HCS 2012 References
OSHA GHS HCS Federal Register Notice 77:17574-17896 (2012, March 26).
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-03-26/pdf/2012-4826.pdf
Side-by-side comparison of the current HCS to the Final Rule
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/side-by-side.html
Appendix A: Health Hazard Criteria (Mandatory)
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/appendix_a.pdf
Appendix B: Physical Hazard Criteria (Mandatory)
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/hazcom-appendix-b.html
Appendix C: Allocation of Label Elements (Mandatory)
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/hazcom-appendix-c.html
Appendix D: Safety Data Sheets (Mandatory)
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/hazcom-appendix-d.html
Appendix F: Guidance for Hazard Classifications Regarding Carcinogenicity
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/hazcom-appendix-f.html
29 CFR 1910.1200 HCS GHS Final Regulatory Text: http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/HCSFinalRegTxt.html
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
Canada/WHMIS GHS implementation
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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Canada /WHMIS GHS Implementation
• Regulatory Cooperation Council (RCC), the federal governments in
Canada and USA have agreed to • “… align and synchronize implementation of common classification
and labeling requirements for workplace hazardous chemicals within
the mandate of the OSHA and Health Canada (HC).”
• June 2012 Current Issues Committee meeting discussed HC
proposed amendments to Controlled Product Regulations (CPR) of
Hazardous Products Act (HPA) to implement GHS in WHMIS
1. Summary of Proposed Changes to the HPA
2. Summary of Proposed Changes to the CPR
3. Comparison of HC's proposals for implementation of the GHS
workplace chemicals with OSHA HCS 2012
4. Comparison of HC's current proposals and CIC recommendations
(June 2010) Disposition Table
• WHMIS may consider adopting HNOCs and the OSHA defined
hazards, pyrophoric gases, simple asphyxiants and combustible dusts
©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
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Canada /WHMIS GHS Implementation
• GHS implementation issues for follow up − WHMIS exclusions
− Hatched label border
− Ingredient Disclosure
− Environmental hazards
− HNOC
− Combustible dusts
− Biologically available
• Tentative dates for WHMIS/GHS – Proposed CPR regulations Gazette Part I - March 2013
– Final CPR regulations Gazette Part II - Jan 2014
– Implementation start date July 2015
– Then a transition period is likely
Mexico GHS implementation
bckgrnd ©Michele Sullivan, Ph.D.
27
Mexico GHS implementation
• MX Secretariat of Economy published in Federal Official Gazette
voluntary Mexican Standard NMX-R-019-SCFI-2011 adopting
GHS on a voluntary basis
• NMX-R-019-SCFI-2011 establishes – voluntary physical, health & environment hazard criteria
• 29 hazard classes in GHS revision 3 – Includes all GHS hazard classes/categories
– voluntary requirements for labeling and SDSs
• Mandatory requirements will be established in the compulsory
Mexican Official Standards to be issued later by the Public
Administration
• ANIQ (Associacion Nacional de la Industria Quimica) requested
authorization from the Labor Secretariat for an alternate procedure
to comply with NOM-018-STPS-2000 through NMX-019-SCFI-2011
(Granted on June 29, 2011)
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
GHS Physico/Chemical Properties
Presented by Mike Weaver, Principal Specialist with Chilworth Technology Ltd
Daniel Baker, Safety Testing Specialist with Chilworth Technology Ltd
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
Globally Harmonized System of Classification & Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
• GHS Rev.4 consists of:
- Part 1 Introduction
» Purpose, Scope, Definitions etc
- Part 2 Physical Hazards
» Largest part consisting of 16 chapters for testing physical hazards
- Part 3 Health Hazards
» Consists of 10 chapters investigating Toxicity
- Part 4 Environmental Hazards
» Comprises of 2 chapters for Eco-Tox
- Annexes
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
OVERVIEW & COMPARISON OF TESTS
EC/67/548 GHS (Part 2 : Physical Hazards)
A.1. MELTING/FREEZING
A.2. BOILING TEMPERATURE
A.3. RELATIVE DENSITY
A.4. VAPOUR PRESSURE
A.5. SURFACE TENSION
A.6. WATER SOLUBILITY
A.8. PARTITION
A.9. FLASH-POINT
A.10. FLAMMABILITY (SOLIDS)
A.11. FLAMMABILITY (GASES)
A.12. FLAMMABILITY (CONTACT WITH WATER)
A.13. PYROPHORIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
A.14. EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES
A.15. AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE (LIQUIDS AND GASES)
A.16. RELATIVE SELF-IGNITION TEMPERATURE FOR SOLIDS
A.17. OXIDISING PROPERTIES (SOLIDS)
A.18 – 20 POLYMER TESTING
A.21. OXIDISING PROPERTIES (LIQUIDS)
2.1 EXPLOSIVES
2.2 FLAMMABLE GASES
2.3 FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
2.4 OXIDISING GASES
2.5 GASES UNDER PRESSURE
2.6 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
2.7 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
2.8 SELF-REACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
2.9 PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS
2.10 PYROPHORIC SOLIDS
2.11 SELF-HEATING SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
2.12 SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES WHICH, IN CONTACT WITH
WATER, EMIT FLAMMABLE GASES
2.13 OXIDISING LIQUIDS
2.14 OXIDISING SOLIDS
2.15 ORGANIC PEROXIDES
2.16 CORROSIVE TO METALS
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
OVERVIEW & COMPARISON OF TESTS
EC/67/548 GHS (Part 2 : Physical Hazards)
A.1. MELTING/FREEZING
A.2. BOILING TEMPERATURE
A.3. RELATIVE DENSITY
A.4. VAPOUR PRESSURE
A.5. SURFACE TENSION
A.6. WATER SOLUBILITY
A.8. PARTITION
A.9. FLASH-POINT
A.10. FLAMMABILITY (SOLIDS)
A.11. FLAMMABILITY (GASES)
A.12. FLAMMABILITY (CONTACT WITH WATER)
A.13. PYROPHORIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
A.14. EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES
A.15. AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE (LIQUIDS AND GASES)
A.16. RELATIVE SELF-IGNITION TEMPERATURE FOR SOLIDS
A.17. OXIDISING PROPERTIES (SOLIDS)
A.18 – 20 POLYMER TESTING
A.21. OXIDISING PROPERTIES (LIQUIDS)
2.1 EXPLOSIVES
2.2 FLAMMABLE GASES
2.3 FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
2.4 OXIDISING GASES
2.5 GASES UNDER PRESSURE
2.6 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
2.7 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
2.8 SELF-REACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
2.9 PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS
2.10 PYROPHORIC SOLIDS
2.11 SELF-HEATING SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
2.12 SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES WHICH, IN CONTACT WITH
WATER, EMIT FLAMMABLE GASES
2.13 OXIDISING LIQUIDS
2.14 OXIDISING SOLIDS
2.15 ORGANIC PEROXIDES
2.16 CORROSIVE TO METALS
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
CPL TESTING METHODOLOGY for EXPLOSIVES
• Under EC/67/548 (Test EC A.14) substances that could be explosive were evaluated by
conducting up to 3 different tests.
- Bam Fallhammer – to determine against impact sensitivity
- Bam Friction – to determine sensitivity to friction
- Koenen tube – to determine sensitivity to heating under confinement
• A substance is considered to have explosive properties where a positive result is
obtained in one or more of the tests.
• Desk top assessment for waiver statement possible but is only valid when the
assessment concludes, without doubt, no explosive properties exist.
- Desk top assessment based on chemical structure
- Decomposition energy is known to be < 500 J/g & the exothermic onset < 500°C
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
GHS TESTING METHODOLOGY for EXPLOSIVES
• GHS testing methodology follows the UN Recommendations on the transport of
dangerous goods, manual of tests and criteria.
• Criteria is far more complex; far beyond the yes/no result from EC A.14.
• Up to 16 individual tests may be required.
• UN Criteria is essentially determining:
- Explosibility according to UN Test Series 2
- Sensitiveness according to UN Test Series 3
- Thermal stability according to UN Test Series 3(c)
- Further testing to allocate correct division
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
FLOW CHART EXAMPLE
Substance for Classification
Test Series 1
Is it explosive? No
Not Class
1
Yes
Test Series 2
Is it too insensitive for inclusion into Class 1?
No
Yes
Test Series 3
Is the substance thermally stable?
No
REJECT
Sample not stable for
transport
Is the substance too dangerous for
transport in the form tested?
Yes
Yes
No Test Series 4
Is the article still
too dangerous?
Provisionally
Accepted; further
testing required
Encapsulated
and/or package
the substance
Yes
REJECT
Sample banned for
transport in package
tested
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
LABEL ELEMENTS for EXPLOSIVES under GHS
Unstable Explosive
Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 Division 1.6
GHS Pictogram
No GHS Pictogram
No GHS Pictogram
Signal Word Danger Danger Danger Danger Warning Danger No signal word
Hazard Statement
Unstable Explosive
Explosive; mass explosion
hazard
Explosive; severe
projection hazard
Explosive; fire, blast or
projection hazard
Fire or projection
hazard
May mass explode in fire
No hazard statement
UN Label No label
(transport not allowed)
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
NEW CATEGORY
Definition
Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles
made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or
dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted
with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid
particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state
or in a gaseous state.
Selection Criteria
Based on Heat of Combustion > 20 kJ/g
Flammable component > 1%
Note : If HoC is < 20 kJ/g and flammable component is ≤ 1% then
automatically Category 3 (no symbol)
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
For Aerosols
(a) ≥ 85% flammable components
(b) Heat of combustion ≥ 30kJ/g
For Spray Aerosols ≥ 20 kJ/g Ignition occurs at distance ≥ 75 cms
For Foam Aerosols
a) Flame height ≥ 20cm and duration ≥ 2 s
b) Flame height ≥ 4cm and duration ≥ 7s
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS CATEGORY 1
CLASSIFICATION – EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS CATEGORY
2 CLASSIFICATION – FLAMMABLE
For Aerosols
(a) < 85% flammable components
(b) Heat of combustion 20 kJ/g - 30kJ/g
For Spray Aerosols – if HoC is < 20 kJ/g
Ignition occurs at distance ≥ 15 cms
If < 15 cms then enclosed space test
a) Time equivalent ≤ 300 s/m3 or
b) Deflagration density is ≤ 300 g/m3
For Foam Aerosols
a) Flame height ≥ 4cm and duration ≥ 2 s
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Same test techniques but now with different criteria
Before GHS
Category Classification Flash-
point(°C) Boiling
Point (°C)
Extremely
Flammable R12 < 0 ≤ 35
Highly Flammable R11 ≥ 0 to ≤ 21
Flammable R10 > 21 to ≤ 55
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
For GHS
Category Hazard Statement Flash-point (°C)
Boiling
Point (°C)
1 Extremely
Flammable < 23 ≤ 35
2 Highly
Flammable < 23 > 35
3 Flammable ≥ 23 and ≤ 60
4 Combustible > 60 and ≤ 93
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
Temp. °C
Before GHS
GHS
93 Cat.4
60
Cat.3
55 R10
23
Cat.1
Cat.2
21
R11
0
R12
Boiling Point
≤ 35
> 35
≤ 35
> 35
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS –
COMPARISON of CLASSIFICATION
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
SELF-IGNITION TEMPERATURE
• EC A.16 Relative Self-Ignition Temperature of Solids - 25mm3 Wire Mesh basket
- Ramped from Ambient to 400°C @ 0.5K/Min.
- Classification based on sample temperature reaching 400°C
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
SELF-HEATING SUBSTANCES
GHS Self-Heating Substances and Mixtures
- Based on test procedure in UN Manual of Tests & Criteria.
- Follows a stepwise approach to reach classification.
- Dangerous self-heating considered to be any sample temperature
rise > 60°C above the oven temperature.
Classification based on up to 4 separate tests comprising of:
• 100mm3 basket @ 140°C – Potential to be considered a self-heating substance?
• 25mm3 basket @ 140°C – Classified as Category 1?
• 100mm3 basket @ 120°C – Classified as Category 2 / Exempted on package size?
• 100mm3 basket @ 100°C – Classified as Category 2 / Not Classified?
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
CORROSIVE TO METALS
New Category
A substance or a mixture that is corrosive to metal under normal conditions is a
substance or a mixture liable to undergo an irreversible electrochemical reaction
with metals that leads to significant damage or, in some cases, even to full
destruction of the metallic components.
Test involves steel and aluminium samples in a saturated solution of the test
material for 28 days. Samples are placed;
• submerged in the liquid,
• at the liquid – vapour interface
• and in the vapour space.
Liquids and solids that may become liquids (during transport), have to be
considered for such a classification.
Test methods stated in the UN Manual of test and criteria
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
CORROSIVE TO METALS
Criteria for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals
Category Criteria
Corrosion rate on steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm per year at
a test temperature of 55°C 1
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
CORROSIVE TO METALS
Table 1: Minimum mass loss of specimens after different exposure times (corresponding to the
criterion of 6.25 mm/year)
Exposure time Mass loss
7 days 13.5%
14 days 26.5%
21 days 39.2%
28 days 51.5%
Table 2 indicates the criteria leading to classification of the test substance as corrosive to metals for
standard metal specimens, according to time of exposure, for reasons of localised corrosion
process.
Table 2: Minimum intrusion depths after exposure times (corresponding to the criterion of localized
corrosion of 6.25 mm/year)
Exposure time Min. intrusion depth
7 days 120μm
14 days 240μm
21 days 360μm
28 days 480μm
It is not mentioned explicitly in the text that localised corrosion as well as uniform corrosion has also
be taken into account. However, localised corrosion, that is entirely part of test C.1 protocol, has
actually to be taken into account. In addition, although the type of corrosion is not reflected in the
classification result, this valuable information should be given in the SDS.
The Global Experts in Explosion & Process Safety © 2012 DEKRA
GHS Physical Hazards Summary
• Stage 1 – Establish Strategy:
- Define which parameters require investigation? - Review historical data – values, methods! - Identify if data meets your requirements. Is it fit for purpose? - Identify any holes in the data, is additional data required? - Ensure quality of data will be achieved. Essential for submissions!
• Stage 2 – Screening Tests & Exemptions
- Identify if screening methods can be used?
• Stage 3 – Agree Testing Strategy
- Identify the most cost effective & practical testing regime.
• Online versions of the UN Manual of Tests & Criteria as well as GHS are available at:
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/manual/rev5/manrev5-files_e.html
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev04/04files_e.html
Thank you!
How does GHS implementation compare around the world - an industry perspective
Peter Silverans
Aug 2012
Corporate
Outline
UN GHS Global context
In summary
Implementation Status
Requirements for destination country
GHS version
Building Block Approach (BBA)
Harmonized classifications and other National limiting factors
Summary of implications
Geographical or Regulation grouping?
Upcoming deadlines for implementations
Corporate
UN GHS Global Context
Corporate
UN GHS Global Context In summary
GHS is a globally recognized classification system
BUT implementation of GHS will vary from country to country
GHS introduces new hazard pictograms and labeling elements
Existing classification may change when GHS is introduced
Corporate
UN GHS Global Context Implementation status
preparation Implementation activities
Corporate
Requirements for destination country
Corporate
Requirements for destination country
GHS Version
Countries are implementing the GHS at different dates and therefore their base level can be a different version of the UN Purple Book
The UN version updates to GHS Recommendation bring each time changes to : definitions, classification rules, additions to hazard classes, label requirements, typo corrections,….
New Zealand : version 1 (2003)
Taiwan : revision 1 (2005)
EU, Japan, China : revision 2 (2007)
US, Australia : revision 3 (2009)
Brazil : revision 4 (2011)
Corporate
Requirements for destination country GHS version
Countries speed of upgrading their implementation to
follow new UN GHS Purple Book revisions differ
EU (2nd ATP) : revision 3 (2009) 30 March 2011
Applies to substances from 1 December 2012
and to mixtures from 1 June 2015
EU (4th ATP) : revision 4 (2011) under
discussion
Corporate
Requirements for destination country - BBA
Countries are implementing the GHS using BBA: Based
on…
Flammabl
e Gases
Flammabl
e & Non-
Flammabl
Flammabl
e Liquids
Skin
Corrosio
n /
STOT
(single
exposure
Haz. to
Ozone
Layer
Addit.
Class.
Cat.
- - - - - - - - - - - -
UN GHS
Rev?Cat 2 Cat A Cat B Cat 3 Cat 4 Cat 4 Cat 5 Cat 3 Cat 2A Cat 2B Cat 1A Cat 1B Cat 1A Cat 1B Cat 1A Cat 1B Cat 1A Cat 1B Cat 1A Cat 1B Cat 3 Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 4 Cat 1
New
Zealand
Version 1
(revision
0)
Y N N N Y Y Y Y C C C C C C C C C C C C N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N S
Taiwan
(CLA)Rev 1 Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y C C C C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N
Taiwan
(EPA)Rev 1 Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y C C C C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N
Japan Rev 2 Y N N N Y Y N N Y Y C C C C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N
China Rev 2 Y N N N Y
Y,
different
threshold
Y Y Y Y C C C C Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N S
United
States of
America -
OSHA
Rev 3 Y N N N Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N V V V V V V V V S
European
Union
(EU) and
European
Economic
Area
(EEA)
Rev 3 Y N N N N Y N N C C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N Y Y Y Y Y S
Australia Rev 3 N N N N N Y N N C C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N V V V V V V V N S
Legend Y
C
N
V
S
Acute Toxicity: Oral,
Skin, Inhalation
Serious Eye
Damage / Eye
Irritation
Germ Cell
MutagenicityCarcinogenicity
Reproductive
Toxicity
Special
Not known
Adopted
Combined adoption
Not adopted
Not mandatory
Aquatic Toxicity (Acute) Aquatic Toxicity (Chronic)STOT (repeated
exposure)Aspiration Hazard
Respiratory
SensitizationSkin Sensitization
Chemically Unstable
Gas
Corporate
Requirements for destination country BBA
The BBA allows :
Accommodation of sector specific needs
Gives flexibility to the system
Different options :
For : Necessary for GHS implementation
Against : “Flexibility” may lead to “lack of harmonization”
What does the GHS say ?
Use of the same set of categories at worldwide level for a given sector
(GHS Chapter 1.1, nota 2 to para.1.1.3.1.5.4)
What if the BBA was not allowed ?
All sectors would have to implement the same categories for the same
hazard, e.g.
Acute toxicity Cat. 5 implemented in transport / workplace
Aquatic Acute toxicity Cat. 2 and 3 implemented in transport
Corporate
Requirements for destination country Harmonized classifications and other
National limiting factors
Lists of harmonized classifications
Same chemical appears on multiple “harmonized” classification lists
Not always based on (most recent) science
Copies from trading partner lists
REACH data
Long and complex update processes
Classification “translation” tools, e.g.
CLP fundamental differences between the historic DSD Annex I translation
to Annex VI entries
Loss of specific mixture classification trigger limits
Older entries not in line with GHS criteria
National interpretations of data and / or test protocols
Omission of important words in legal texts, e.g.. S(systemic)TOT
Additions of national downstream regulation labeling and SDS requirements
Corporate
Requirements for destination country Summary of implications of GHS
Base level UN GHS version
Speed of implementation and phase-in periods of higher UN GHS versions
BBA : not all GHS cats implemented / additional non-GHS categories added
Lists of “harmonized” classifications
Classification “translation” tools
Own interpretations of data and / or test protocols
Omission of important words in legal texts
Additions of national downstream regulation labeling and SDS requirements
It results in chemicals being classified differently in National GHS systems
even though the same set of property data is used
Corporate
Geographical or Regulation grouping?
Typically companies have organized their SDS and label formatting
geographically, one can consider a SDS and label grouping based on
Regulation, i.e. :
Hazard categories implemented
National specific harmonized classification lists
National specific SDS / HZL requirements
Reduction of number of SDS and label formats to be maintained /
validated
Consider further language grouping within a Regulation group taking into
account supply planning / forecasts
Maximum benefits for labeling to stock
No “one label worldwide” but as close as one can get today
Ensure reviewing Regulation groupings when further countries
implement GHS or update their national legislation to a higher version of
GHS
Corporate
Upcoming deadlines for implementations
2012 ? : South Africa substances
1 Dec 2012 : EU (EEA) substances 2nd
ATP CLP
1 Dec 2012 : Switzerland substances
31 Dec 2012 : Uruguay substances
31 Dec 2012 : Malaysia substances
End 2012 : Singapore substance users
11 Mar 2013 : Thailand substances
Mid 2013 : Indonesia substance
manufacturers
30 Jun 2013 : South Korea mixtures
31 Dec 2013 : Taiwan substances and
mixtures Phase 3 list
End 2013 : Indonesia substance users
2013 ? : Russian Federation
1 Jan 2014 : Turkey substances
30 Mar 2014 : Vietnam substances
31 Dec 2014 : Malaysia mixtures
1 Jun 2015 : EU (EEA) mixtures
1 Jun 2015 : Switzerland mixtures
1 Jun 2015 : Serbia mixtures
1 Jun 2015 : Turkey mixtures
1 Jun 2015 : Singapore mixtures
Jun 2015 : Brazil mixtures
Jun 2015 : US substances and mixtures
End 2015 : Indonesia mixtures
2016 ? : South Africa mixtures
30 Mar 2016 : Vietnam mixtures
31 Dec 2016 : Australia substance and mixtures
31 Dec 2016 : Taiwan substances and mixtures Phase 4 list
11 Mar 2017 : Thailand mixtures
31 Dec 2017 : Uruguay mixtures
Q&A Session
If you have any unanswered
questions please submit them to
the Chemical Watch Forum,
after the webinar.
http://forum.chemicalwatch.com
Thank you for attending
A recording of this presentation with
slides will be available shortly. Please
contact Lorna Madeley if you have any
questions: [email protected]
Latest developments in China
Webinar, 26 September 2012
See: www.chemicalwatch.com/events_webinars
Thank you for your patience
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