ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON...

26
GPO PRICE $ CFST, PR,CE(S)$ Hard copy (HC) (_'0 _ Microfiche (MF) " 6 C) ff 653 July 65 Westinghous ELECTRIC CORPORATION ,) 1 4 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19660006701 2020-03-29T10:59:07+00:00Z

Transcript of ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON...

Page 1: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

GPO PRICE $

CFST, PR,CE(S)$

Hard copy (HC) (_'0 _

Microfiche (MF) " 6 C)

ff 653 July65

WestinghouseELECTRIC CORPORATION

,)1

• 4

1966OO67O1

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19660006701 2020-03-29T10:59:07+00:00Z

Page 2: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_)j m

FINAL REPORT

FOR

EPIT_O[IALPROCESS DEVEIDI_MENTFO_MONOLITHIC COMPLEMENTARY MOS-FET STRUCTURES

_-ITHP-N JUNCTION ISOLATION

1 _BRUARY 1965 - 15 JULY ]965

W.O. 670-W_675;_ Contract No. NAS 5-3758

Westinghouse OoO. No. 512&8-AX

Prepared by

W_TINGHOL_E ELECTRIC CORPORATION

DEFENSE AND SPACE CENTER

AEROSPACE DIVISION

For

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

GRKENHELT, MARYIAND

AEROSPACEDIVISION ,,,UNCLASSIFIED

I

1966006701-002

Page 3: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED

FINAL REPORT

FOR

EPITAXIAL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT FOR MONOLITHIC

COMPLEMEntARY MOS-FET STRUCTUF_ESWITH P-N JUNCTION ISOLATION

1 Februarj 1965 - 15 July 1965

Prepared by

_F__$TINGHOUSEELECTRIC CORPORATION

DEFENSE AND SPACE CENTER

AEROSPACE DIVISION

For

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AN_ SPACE ADMINISTRATION

GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

GREENHELT, MARYLAND

W. S. Corak

AEROSPACE DIVISION .

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-003

Page 4: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED, _ (_i i lili mmmmm

ABSTRACTAI_ SUMMARY

This report summarizes the work done on and the results of the

p-type silicon back filling of grooves or pockets etched into n-type silicon

slices_ Two methods of etching pockets are discussed, gaseous high temperature

and the wet chemical method. Comparisons are noted of each.

A process is provided along with specifications arAddirections

whereby these results may be evaluated and/or duplicated. Photos and dia-

grams show general usefulness of the methods discussed.

,f

iAEROSPACE DIVISION

UNCLASSIFIED

i

1966006701-004

Page 5: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_........ II ill i inl II q_

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract and Sumnary ......... • ............ i

Table of Contents ......... ° o o . o .......... ii

List of Figureu ............ o .... • ....... iii

Appendix A ........................... I

1o0 I_FRODUCTION

Introduction .......................... I-I

200 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

2ol Slice Preparation ..................... 2-1

202 Specification for Epltaxial Processes ............ 2-1

2o2o2 Groove Etching ...................... 2-2

2020201 Anhydrous HC1 High Temperature Etch ........... 2-2

2°202°2 Wet Chemical Etching Process .............. 2-2

202o3 Groove (Pocket) Refilling ................ 2-2

3o0 DISCUSSION AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA

3ol General ......... o ................ 3-1

3°2 Experimental ......... o .............. 3-1

_o0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions and Rec_endations _-IO 0 • o @ @ o o 0 @ O o • • @ • •

500 NEW TECHNOLOGY

New Technology ° o • . o ° o • o • o o • ....... ° ..... 5-1

6 o0 REFERENCES

References ...... o ° o o o ........... . ° .... 6-1

ii

AEROSPACE DIVISION .....UNCLASSIFIED

l

1966006701-005

Page 6: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED

LIST OF FIGURES

Fi_iKureNo°

i Epitaxial Layers of Silicon (a) and Silicon ..... 3-&Dioxide (b) Deposited on Substrate that hasbeen PoLished and Etched in HCf Gas at 1200°C

2 Windows Cut Through Si02 Layer Exposing Silicon o o o 3-&

3 Pocket Etched into Silicon .............. 3-_

& Pocket Refilled With Single Crystalline Silicon o o o 3-_Silicon is P Type

5 Pocket Remaining After Removal of Silicon Dioxide ° o 3-_and Spurious Silicon Deposition

6 Photo Showing Pocket Etched Through Oxide Mask .... 3-5Into N-Type Silicon° Pocket = 0.020" wide

7 Photo Showing Pocket Refilled with P-Type Silicon ° o 3-5Pocket = 0°020" wide

8 Photo Showing Top Surface of Pocket Refill After o . . 3-6Deposition° (0oO20" x 0o020")

?

J•! iii

AEROSPACE DIVISION -- ,, , ,

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-006

Page 7: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSiFiED

I°0 INTRODUCTION

This report covers a program investigating processes and methods

of providing "p" type pockets of silicon regrown epitaxlally into cavities

etched into "n" type silicon° Two methods of cavity etching were used:

One involving the use of high temperature anhydrous hydrogen chloride in

a carrier gas of hydrogen; the other utilized a wet chemical mixture of

nitric, acetic and hydrofluoric acid° The manner of depositing silicon

within the pockets thus formed is discussed.

The processes used as well as a detailed specification is pro-

vided.

Electrical tests have indicated device quality material is

provided by this processo

l-IAEROSPACEDIVISION , ,

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-007

Page 8: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIEDI I ml I

m_mmm

2oC EXPEPTMENTAL PROCEDURE

2.1 Slice Preparation

The silicon material used in these experiments _as processed

by standard lapping and polishing techniques. The slices were lapped

(both sides) on a Dallons Planetary Lapper with 12_ grit size AI203 to

remove damage from the prior slicing operations° The slices were then

mounted on stainless steel holders and lapped with 3_ grit AI203 to give

a smoother surface. Following this, a 1 grit compound was used for the

final polishing operation. After removal from the work holders, residual

organic and preparation materials were removed from the slices by using

organic solvents and high temperature H2SO_ cleaning baths followed by

de-ionized water rinses.

2°2 Specification for Epitaxial Processes

2o2ol Generally, slices were prepared for the experiments by these

methods: trichlorethylene swab; HCf high temperature etch, deposition of

an opposite conductivity epitaxial layer; this in turn was followed by

the deposition of an insulating layer of silicon dioxide, The silicon

dioxide was formed by introducing CO2 into the reactor upon completion of

the deposition of the desired thickness of the epitaxial layer. This

dioxide layer was then subjected to a high temperature heat treatment in

dry nitrogen gas to improve termcity of the photoresist chemicals° _e

slices were then subjected to standard photoengraving methods to open windows

in this protective oxide°

2-1AEROSPACEDIVISION , , ,

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-008

Page 9: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED _)I II ,I iiii m

2.2.2 Groove etching° Grooves or pocket_ were then formed by either

of these two methods°

2.2.2.1 Anhydrous HCI high temperature etch. Subjecting the

slices with windows cut through the protective oxide mask to a mixture of

approximately _% HCI in H2 resulted in the etching of pockets into the

silicon. This generally is a very short time etch, (between 25-50 seconds.)

2°2°2.2 Wet chemical etching process° The sl"._'eswith windows

cut through the protective o:_de ar_ mounted face side up on a glass micro-

scope slide with Aplezen wax. They are subsequently exposed with continuous

agitation to an etching mixture of H_03, HF, ,E_ _._ the ratios cf 84:8:8

respectively. This cuts pockets or grooves into the silicon Bliceso The

slices are then cleaned in solvents _:_ other proper methods ar_(_introduced

into the epitaxial reactoro The _usuei_g process is then the s,L-.:;as for the

Anhydrous HC1 Etching Method°

2°2°3 Groove (Pocket) refilliL%, Immediately followizg "', etch the

reactor is allowed to p_',rgeand then _:_ ,:_p±taxiallayer is b" _,,_ed with:_1

the pockets. By controlling the time of both c_{,cl:and r_ 'Jerynearly

perfect surfaces are produced° Sams],e evaluations a_'e c_,_z0_edout by staudard

methods of angle lapping and staining te_,_hniqueso Spuriously nucleat_d silicon

growth on the oxide mask may now be removed by HF etching with ultrasonic agita-

tion° This also removes all previously deposited silicon dioxide. Electrical

measurements indicated tnat p_n junction isolation is achleve_

An appendix "Specification for Epitaxial pz,ocess" which describes

in detail the operational procedures is included as Appendix A to this report.

2-2AEROSPACE DIVISION .......... ,

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-009

Page 10: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_in iiii

Present state-of-the-art indicates that the Wet Chemical P-ocess is

probably more applicable in providing device quality material than the HCI

high temperature etching tec_u_qUeSo However, both methods are useful_

2-3

AEROSPACEDIVISION ......UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-010

Page 11: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

,UNCLASSIFIED @__,__.

3.0 DISCUSSION AND EXPER_AL DATA

3.10ener.al

The goals o£ this project were to develop a procedure and provide

an epitaT_Lalprocess specification for back filling with p type material

pockets etched into an n t.ype silicon layer°

A further possible goal in conJ,,nction with this program would be

to ascertain the compatibility of the process with prior and subsequent

operations cf MOS-FE_° device fabrication. This goal will be covered more

fully in subsequent tasks of the overall MOS-FET program°

Various experiments were reported previously ]'2'3 which established

etch rates and growth rates of silicon by epitaxial methods. Essentially

this information was used in organizing a series of experiments to evaluate

methods and achieve the goals of the present program°

3.2 _:per:lmem,al

Cleared polished slices of silicon were placed in the epitaxial (3.1)*

reactor on a quartz protective envelope covering a g_aphite susce_or. (3.2)

After proper purging with nitrogen ar_ then hTdrogen, _.heslices were

heated to 1200°C _ then exposed to a mixture of anhTdrous HCI in H2 for (3 °3)

for a time sufficient to rs_ove all residual surface damage caused by

material polishing operations.

HOt(g)Si(s) SiCk(g)+ 2H (g) 0.)

The slices then received a deposition of N type doped silicon by passing a (3°3.2)

Marginal numbers indicate Process Specification steps in Appendix A.

3-1

AEROSPACEDeVISION .....

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-011

Page 12: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_)n r_mmmm

mixture of SiCl_, PH3 and H2 through the reactor and over the slices which

were maintained at a temperat_re of llSO°Co (See Fig_e I)

sicl (g)+ 2(g)-- HC1(g)+Si(s) Eq.(23

After the required thickness of doped silicon has been de_,sited, the dopant

impurity is stopped and CO2 is introduced into the reactor and a layer of (3.3.3)

silicon dioxide is pyre_ytically deposited on the surface _f the slice. (See

Figure 1)o

2 H2(g) + SiCl_(g) = 2 C02(g) -- 2 CO(g) + _ HCl(g) + Si02(s)

Eqo (3)

The slices are then heat treated in N2 for 3 - I0 minutes@ (3.3.3._)

Windows are then cut through this oxide at the desired locations by

standard photoengraving methods. (See Figure 2)°

Following the _Indow opening operation, either of two methods are used

to etch pockets into the exposed silicon: I) the use of HCf in H2 at 1200°C (3.3.1)

and 2) the use of a wet chemical etch mixture composed of HNO3, HF, and HAc (3.A)

in the volemeteric ratios of 84:8:8° The latter method has thus far proven

most effective° (See Figure 3)° The high temperature HCf pocket etching has

certain inherent associated problems° The bottom of the pocket or the groove

assumes a convex lens-shaped cross_sectional profile. The reason for this is

probably heat°flow difficulties and is geometry dependent as explained in a

prior repo_% to NASA (I)o Subsequent regrowth of silicon on this surface is

single crystalline in structure° However_ growth is approximately uniform (3.3.2)

and therefore the upper s_face of the regrown pocket is a replica of the

bottom oI"the groove and is unsuitable or at least -_fdubious value for device

fabrication.

3_2

AEROSPACEDIVISION .....UNCLASSIFIE;)

1966006701-012

Page 13: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED _.__

The vet chemical process using HN03, HF and HAc in the volumetric (3.A)

ratios of 8A:8:8 respectively has proven more useful in etching the pecketm

into the silicon° Although the cross-sectional geometry is still lenticular

in nature, it is not as pronounced as with the anhydrous HCf high temperature

etching° The upper surface of the regrown area is therefore of better quality

and capable of being used for device fabrication°

Following the pocket etch_ the slices are again placed into the

reactor and & layer of silicon is deposited over the exposed silicon° (3.3.2)

(See Figure A)o There is spurious growth of silicon on the surface of the

oxide. However, this is removed by exposing the slice _o HF at _% with ultra-

sonic agitation. (See Figure 5)° Tests of Breakdo-_ Voltage from pad to pad

indica+,.ethat electrical isolation is achieved°

Figures 6, 7, and 8 show the actual groove etched, and the surface

quality respectively of slices prepared in this manner°

3-3AEROSPACEDIVISION

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006Y01-013

Page 14: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED

,

,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_.

P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE

IFqG F;G 2

SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH

\

I L, s,o2 _I s,o2L °OCKET 1 _L_.° _EPI. REFII'I ,_

N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

P SUBSTMATE P SUBSTRATE

FIG 3 FIG 4

N EPI LAYER

P SUBSTRATE

FIG 5

Figure io Epitaxial Layers of Silicoli{a) and Silicon Dioxide (b) Depositedon Substrate that has been Polished and Etched in HCf Gas at 1200°C.

Figure 2o Window_ Cut Through SiO2 Layer Exposing Silicon

Figure 3° Pocket Etched into Silicon°

Figure Ao Pocket Refilled with Single Crystalline Silicon° Silicon is P Type.

Figure 5o Pocket Remaining After Removal of Silicon Dioxide and SpuriourSilicon Deposition°

AEROSPACEDIVISION .... ,UNCLASSIFIED

v w

1966006701-014

Page 15: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (___ _ u r _i m mm

m__I i n i

_'_ _ • ,Figure _. Photo Showing Pocket Etched Through

Oxide Mask Into N-TTpe Silicon°Pocket = 0o0,_" wide

')_%?,_;".

• ;. ', .

Figure 7 o Photo Showing Pocket Refilled With

P _ Silicon oPocket = 0°020" wide

3-5AEROSPACE DIVISION ..............

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-015

Page 16: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_I1| I

, ' r_cL!

Y_ ' ! .

: -_* ._.,. - _.

l_pn, e 8. Phot_o8_ Top 8u_soe of PooJa_Ret'_.l _ Depos_Lt_ton.(0.0_" x 0.0_0_')

AEROSPACE DIVISION - , -UNCLASSIFIED

-- - mm.,(*,lw_mm_m. ,,._mm_ Jim i m Jig m mmmm

1966006701-016

Page 17: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_)I I ii ilia i _

A.O CONCLUSIONS AND REC_ATIONS

It is feasible to provide pockets of "p" t_pe silicon in n-layers

of silicon such that the overall slice is capable of being used to make

complementaryMOS-FET devices. A wet chemical etch is considered to be

preferable to a high temperature HCf etching procedure.

A set of specifications for etching and epitaxial processes is

included as an appendix to this report.

A-IAEROSPACE DIVISION

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-017

Page 18: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED _ .....

5.0 NEWTECHNOLOGY

A _ethodand processfor providingmaterialfor monolithic

complimentaryMOS-FETstructurewith P-N Junctionisolationis defined

in this report.

5-1

AEROSPACE DIVISION ....UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-018

Page 19: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIEDI nlb

6.0 I__CES

i. First_terim Reoortfor .PhaseI _rooveEtchin_Stud_,Westinghouse

ElectricCoz10oration,ContractNo. NAS 5-3758,W. 0. No. 670-190-5,

January1965.

2. Y_nter_mPr_ogres0Reoortfor PhaseI_ Of GrQo_eEtchingStudy,Westinghouse

ElectricCorporation,ContractNo. NAS 5-3758,ProcurementNo. 670-W_637h

WestinghouseG. O. 51248-AQIA,1 April1965.

3o FinalRe_rt for Phase Ill.of GrooveEtchin_ Stud_y,C_ide Barrier

Isolation,WestinghouseElectricCorporation,ContractNo. NAS 5-3758,

ProcurementNo. 670-WA6712,WestinghouseG.0. 5i248-ANIA,1 June !965.

6-1AEROSPACEDIVISION - , .....

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-019

Page 20: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_i i i ii

Specification,,forEpitaxial Processes

I. Equipment

Ioi Gas control panel

1.2 Epitaxial reactor

1o3 RF generator

Io_ Optical pyrometer

1.5 _-point probe

1.6 Angle lapping equipment

1o7 Interference fringe apparatus

1.8 Surface hydrogen purifier

io9 Tweezers

2, Material

2°i Silicon tetrachloride

2o2 Diborane in H2(100 PPM)

203 Silane in H2 (i00 PPM)

2o& Arsine in H2 (IO0 PPM)

205 Hydrogen

2.6 Nitrogen

2°7 Carbon dioxide (Coleman grade)

2°8 Graphite susceptori-

', 2.9 Quartz envelope

_ AEROSPACEDIVISION iii I I i

UNCLASSIFIED¢

1966006701-020

Page 21: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED __ _)-- - I emmmmm

2.10 Quartz sled

2.11 Silicon slices (previously polished Lnd cleaned)

2o12 Petri dishe_ Pyrex

2.13 Lint free paper

2oI_ Trichloroethylene

2o15 _F

2.16 HN03.

2o17 HAc

2o18 Cotton balls

2.19 Anhydrous HCf

3. Procedure

3ol Cleaning Process

3.1.1 Place slices of silicon in petri dish.

3.1.2 Cover slices _ith Trichloroethylene (TCE). Note: Slices

must not be allowed to become exposed to air by Trichloro-

ethylene evaporation; must be kept covered until remo-,_l.

3ol.3 Remove a slice; place on at least three thicknesses of lint

free paper°

3olo_ With plastic squirt bottle apply a small amount of TCEo

3olo5 Swab slice with cotton swab or ball to physically remove

any trace of foreign particle.

3.1.6 Place slice in nlean petri dish (bottom of dish to be

covered by disc of lint free paper.)

3.1o? Repeat steps 3.1.3 thru 3olo6 until all s_Ices have been

cleanedo

2AEROSPACEDIVISION -- _ , _

U NCJLASSIFIED

1966006701-021

Page 22: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_i I Ul n __ n NI m

3.2 Loading Boa* and Reactor

302oi Assemble graphite susceptor into quartz envelope.

3.2.2 Place assembly on sledo

3o2.3 Place sl_ces of silicon on boat centered properly along

midline°

3 o2oA Introduce sled and boat assembly with slices in reactor

tube and center boat within axtremes of RF load co!!.

3°2°5 Replace end cap and _tart ptuogeof reactor tube with N2_

3.3 Epitaxial Processes

3.3.1 Vapor Etching by HCf

3.3.1.1 Purge reactor tube of all atmosphere by nitrogen

flow. (At least 3 minu_eS)o

3o3olo2 Purge reactor tvbe of all nitrogen by hydrogen.

(At least 3 minutes)°

3 o_olo3 Turn on RF generator and allow temperature to reach

12OO°Co Temperature is checked by Optical Pyrometer.

3o3olo6 Set H2 flow to desired rate°

3.3olo5 Start HC1 flow to desired rate and set ;:_imerto

desi_ed etch time; allow etch to proceed for this

time.

3.3.1o6 Step HCI flow after completion of time, allowing only

H2 to flow through r_actoro If HCI etch only desired,

move to sten 3°3°2.5°

3AFROSPACE DIVISION --

UNCLASSIFIEI_

1966006701-022

Page 23: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_

3.3°2 Epitaxial Deposition of Silicon

3.3.2.1 Set temperature to I150°Co

3.3.2.2 Set gas flow rates (according to desired doping levels)

for H2 flow through SiCI_ bottle (H2 bypasses SiCI_

bottle) and for doping ga_es as desired. (Arsine or

phosphorus for N type and diborane for p type) the

gas flows of doping gases are directed to exhaust.

3.3.2°3 Start flow of H2 thru SiCI_ bottle and dlr_ct doping

gas flow from _v_uat to reactor° (Set timer for

desired length of time.) Allow deposition to continue

for length of time necessary to deposit desired thick-

ness of layers.

3.3.2._ Stop H2 flow thru SiCIA and direct doping gas from

reactor to exhaust.

3.3.2.5 Allow reactants to purge from reactor by H_ flow.

(At lea_ 2 minutes).

3.3.2.6 Turn off RF generator and allow reactor to cool. Turn

off dopant supplies.

3.302.7 Purge H2 from reactor with nitrogen (at least 2

mlnates)o

3°3.2.8 Sllce_ may be removed from the reactor by remo_dmg

sled an_ boat assembly°

3.3°2.9 Place slices in clean petri dish on clean lint free

papero

4AEROSPACEDIVISION r,

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-023

Page 24: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_-- iii i i i

3.3.2.10 Evaluate test slices for layer thickness and resist-

ivity. By k-point probe and thickness evaluation

equipment°

3.3.3 C_de Deposition - If an oxide layer is desired for masking

or protection, follow procedure of epltaxial deposition 3.3.2

thru step 3.3°2.3, then proceed with the following:

3.3.3oi Allow H2 flow to continue through SiCl_ bottle;

divert doping gas from reactor to exhaust_ start

and set CO2 flow to reactor and start timer for

desired time _nd thickness.

3.3.3.2 Allow to proceed for desired time.

3.3.3.3 Stop H2 flow through SiCI_, stop CO2 flow to reactor,

maintain t_pm'ature (I150°C)

3.3o3._ Stop all H2 flow to reactor and introduce nitrogen

flowo

3o3o3.5 Allow nitrogen to flow for time required.

3.3°3.6 If this is final step, proceed according to the

follo_d.._:

3°3.3.7 Turn off RF generator and allow reactor to cool.

3.3.3.8 Remove slices per 3°3°2°8 thru 3.3.2.10.

3o3o_ Polycrystalline silicon deposition (one oxide). If a poly-

crystalline layer is desired over the oxide continue oxide

deposition (3°3.3) up to step 3o3.3o_ and then proceed with

the following o

5A£ROSPACEDIVISION .... _ .......

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-024

Page 25: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED ___

3.3._.i Continue nitrogen flow through the reactor for at

least three minutes minimum.

3.3._.2 Stop nitrogen flow; sta_ H2 flow and purge nitrogen

frc_ the z_actor.

3.3._.3 Start H2 flow thrcugh SiCI_ at the setting desired

to deposit silicon at the proper rate. Set timer.

3°3._.4 Allow deposition to proceed for time necessary.

3 o3._.5 Stop H2 flow through SiCI_.

3.3°_.6 Allow H2 to purge reactor. (At least 2 minutes)°

3.3._.7 Turn off RF generator.

3.3.4.8 Proceed to cool down and remove slices accordingto

steps 3.3.2.7 thru 3.3.2.9.

3._ Groove Cutting by Net Chemical Method

3°_.I Slices with windows cut through the second epitaxially grown

(thermal) oxide are mounted on a glass slide by apiezon wax

(black wax)o Care must be taken to keep wax frc_ face of the

wafer °

3._o2 A mixture of HNO3_ HF and HAc is prepared in the ratios of

8_:8:8 respectively.

3o_.3 The mounted slice is introduced to the acid mixbure and etched

(with constant agitation) until the original oxide layer is

sxposed. (This will be noted b_ bhe reflection being very

clear).

3 ._.A The slice is now removed fr _nthe acid mixture and cleaned in

D oIo water for at least 5 separate rinses°

6AEROSPACE DIVISION ....

UNCLASSIFIED

1966006701-025

Page 26: ghouse - NASA · ,o_ N_PiLAYE. N_PILAY_. P SUOSTRATE P SUBSTRATE I FqG F;G 2 SPURIOUS SILICON GROWTH \ I L, s,o2 _I s,o2 L °OCKET 1 _L_°. _EPI. REFII'I ,_ N EPI LAYER N EPI LAYER

UNCLASSIFIED (_• u' in

3.A.5 The s_Ices are submerged lu HF (_8%) unt_ _ the over-

hanging s_icon dioxide has been removed. (This also can

be detected visually).

3.4.6 SLices are removed from glass slide and cleaned by org_c

solvents prior to continuing subsequent operations.

AEROSPACEDIVISION:' UNCLASSIFIED,

.... . i ---- . _,*.... - j, , j, _j, _ . _mm,lm ,umam-_m m 1 _ _ i,_ mm

1966006701-026