Carbon Cycle – Combustion Carbon Cycle – Decomposition & Respiration.
GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle 28 September 2010 JH Butler, NOAA CAS Management Group Meeting...
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Page 1 GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle 28 September 2010 JH Butler, NOAA CAS Management Group Meeting Global Monitoring, Carbon Cycle Science, and Emission Verification James H. Butler with Pieter Tans, Colm Sweeney, Arlyn Andrews, John B. Miller NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory 28 September 2010
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Transcript of GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle 28 September 2010 JH Butler, NOAA CAS Management Group Meeting...
Page 1GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Global Monitoring, Carbon Cycle Science, and Emission Verification
James H. Butlerwith Pieter Tans, Colm Sweeney,
Arlyn Andrews, John B. Miller
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory28 September 2010
Page 2GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
A challenge for the U.S. and the world
• Global society is advancing efforts to reduce CO2 emissions now – in the U.S., voluntary efforts are underway and some regulatory efforts are in place
• Mitigation efforts will vary by nation, region, & emission sector (energy, industry, etc.), and will be diverse in their approach
• The complexity & variability of the carbon cycle, the scale of problem, and the number of GHGs are challenging, but surmountable
• Large-scale emission reduction approaches (e.g., international, national, state) require independent, scientific monitoring to support verification and policy decisions Stratospheric Ozone Air Quality, Acid Rain, et al.
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Page 3GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
100
50
20
Develop System
Establish Baselines
Critical Verif ication Period
Fine Grid, Robust Verification
Enhance System Maintain System
Per
cent
of
2010
Em
issi
ons
Time
How will Society Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions??We don’t know . . . but . .
2010 2020 2050 2100
Page 4GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Carbon Crucible – The Future Demands New and Expanded
Approaches
• Increased Observations
• Improved Transport Models
• Enhanced Reanalysis
Page 5GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Surface-based Networks
CarboEurope
WMO Global Atmospheric Watch FluxNet
TCCON
NOAA
AGAGE
Page 6GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Globalview,(annual)
Data sets &Visual displays
(variable)
Interactive Data Visualization (daily)
NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index
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Ra
dia
tive
Fo
rcin
g (
W m
-2)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0CO2
CH4
N2O
CFC12CFC1110 Minor
An
nu
al
Gre
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ho
us
e G
as
In
de
x (
AG
GI)
0.0
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0.4
0.6
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1.0
1.2
1.4
Greenhouse Gas Index (annual)
CarbonTracker(annual)
Global trends (monthly)
DATA Products Services
Page 7GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
How Surface and Air-based Measurements Contribute
Page 8GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Tall Tower Measurements
• 1000-1500 ft high• “Continuous” sampling at 3-6 levels• Additional flask samples for ~50 tracers
Page 9GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
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Car
bon
Dio
xide
, ppm
7/15/2007 7/17/2007 7/19/2007
Intake:11m30m76m122m244m396m
Quantitative signatures of biological CO2 uptake and release
LEF: July 2007
Large diurnal cycle at lowest levels results from combination of nighttime respiration and shallow boundary layers.
Park Falls, WI, July
Page 10GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
tropopause
ground
Atmospheric Vertical Profiles
Page 11GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
AirCore profileAirCore meanAIRS retrievalOCO retrievalFTS retrieval
In-situ Measurements Help Understand Remote Signals
Page 12GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Atmospheric Measurements “Land” exchange
Oceanic Measurements
Surface Ocean Biosphere Inventories & Fluxes
Emission Inventories
Deep Ocean
Surface Based
Satellite
Aircraft
Satellite Mapping
Data Integration ProductsCO2 and Other GHGs
Page 13GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Summary• A comprehensive GHG information system is needed to
inform policy and strategies of GHG emissions.• Such a system includes increased observations, higher
resolution modeling, and ensemble analysis. Observations include in situ and remotely sensed data.
• Surface and airborne measurements are useful, and in some cases essential, to Provide reliable, accurate global trends and distributions Understand trends in biospheric contributions Improve inventories, especially of gases with biospheric
interactions Interpret and understand satellite retrievals Separate biospheric from fossil fuel contributions Attribute emissions reductions to sectors of the economy Improve transport modeling
Page 14GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle28 September 2010
JH Butler, NOAACAS Management Group Meeting
Questions?“Carbon Weather”
January(net CO2emission)
July(net CO2 uptake)
Long-termObservations
CarbonTracker™
