Ghetto’s In Canada?

Research Methods

• All of their statistical information comes from the 1991 and 2001 census

• They took the information from the census and did their own statistical analysis

• They use the “Johnson” method when defining what a Ghetto is

What they define a Ghetto to be

• 60% of the cities population made up of one minority group

• 70% of the cities population minority makes is an enclave

IMMIGRATION

• 1. Population of Asians, Africans, and Latinos has risen from 1.7% to 10.4% from 71’ to 01’

• 2. Visible minority population rose from 4.7% to 13.4% from 71’ to 01’

• 3. Largest amount of Chinese located in Vancouver

• 4. Largest amount of African population located in Toronto

• 5. Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal considered gateway cities

Evidence of Racial Division

• African homeownership rates are significantly lower than other races

• Immigrants more reliant on social housing, public transportation, and public schools

• Significant income differences between Ghetto and Suburban occupants

• According to the census minorities have clustered around major Ghetto area’s

Reason for Concentration

• Lack of assimilation into Canadian culture

• Racial discrimination in housing market

• Racial discrimination in labor market

• Lack of mobility

• Lack of social networks

• Low income housing located in low income Ghetto area’s

• Ghetto’s have been known to have:– Higher crime rates– Lower school funding– Disproportionate # of minorities– Lower health care– Lack of employment opportunities– Lack of assimilation– Lower social networks– Higher concentrations of unemployment

Consequences

Conclusion

• There is an increase and segregation among many minorities

• They do have less income

• They wouldn’t classify them as Ghetto’s yet because the amount of segregation isn’t as high as other industrialized nations

Discussion ?’s

• How do you think Ghetto’s effect nearby suburbs?

• Do you think concentration of poverty is bad?

• Is assimilation and education an effective tool to deconcentrate the poor?

• Do you think the government should be involved in deconcentration?