Ghandruk village profile, a study of culture resource management

GHANDRUK VILLAGE PROFILE CULTURE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Submitted by:

Amit Pokhrel

Regd.No: 035-3-3-03881-2012

M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation (MSC06908)

Khwopa Engineering College, Bhaktapur

(Purbanchal University)

Batch: 2012-2014

Statuary Publication This document is the sole publication of the Author. Any misuse and the mis-interpretation of this

document by anyone, author does not take the responsibility for the same.

Submission date: 06/06/2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we offer our sincerest gratitude to our respected teacher, Dr. Ramesh raj

Kunwar, who have supported throughout our field trip.

We offer our sincerest gratitude to the Department of Urban design and Conservation,

Khwopa engineering college, for arranging our field trip.

We would like to express our gratitude to our friends for their possible support in team work and

their suggestion to complete this work in time.

Finally we offer our sincerest gratitude to the people of Ghandruk village and their support

which helped us to cross all the hurdles coming in our work.

Amit Pokhrel

Regd.No: 035-3-3-03881-2012

M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation



Batch: 2012-2014

Table of Contents

Village profile of Ghandruk

1. Historical Background

2. Geographical Condition

3. Development Pattern of Ghandruk

4. Caste System in Ghandruk

5. Social Status in Ghandruk

6. Cultural Heritage and situation of Conservation in Ghandruk

7. Traditions and Culture

8. Source of Income

9. Important aspect from the Tourism point of view

a. Traditional Settlement

b. ACAP-Himalayan range

c. Religion

d. Conservation Management and

e. Development

10. Situation of Hotels and Homestay

11. Situation of Tourist visiting yearly in Ghandruk VDCs

12. Behavior of local people in Ghandruk VDCs

13. Situation of accessibility of roads

14. Most important to do in Tourism development

15. Small and Cottage Indusries

16. Building Architecture

17. Formation of Committee’s in Ghandruk VDCs

a) School Management Committee

b) Health-post Management Committee

c) Electricity Management Committee

d) Mul Aama Samuha Committee

e) Hotel Management Committee

f) Mules Management Committee

g) Conservation Management Commitee

h) Youth and Rodi club Management Committee

i) Volunteer Management Committee

j) Saving and Loan group Management Committee

18. Household Survey (Questionnaire Input Survey)

19. Ghandruk village from the Urban design point of view

20. Ghandruk village from the Tourism point of view

21. Ghandruk Borders

22. Ethnic composition of Ghandruk’s inhabitants

23. Households and population by Village development committee’s

24. Households by ownership of house/housing unit in use

25. Households by foundation of house/housing unit.

26. Number of School in Ghandruk VDCs

27. Number of Hotels in Ghandruk VDCs

PRPARGOILBIB

PIRACRTO LIDIRLBDLIIB

LOCAL TERMINOLOGY

OTHERS

CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Village profile of Ghandruk

Ghandruk is a small and culturally rich village situated at the northwest of Pokhara city. It is the

entry‐point to both Annapurna and Machhapuchre mountains. It is a popular tourist destination,

stop‐over for trekkers and representative of Gurung culture with an old‐world charm. The

distance covered to reach the Ghandruk village development committee from Pokhara sub-

metroplitan city is 53 km north. It is at an altitude of 2050 meters above sea level. Though

mainly inhabited by the Gurungs, Ghandruk has a heterogeneous population ‐ Kamis, Magars,

Sarkis, Damais, Brahmins, Chhetris, Newars and Rais. In addition to tourism, other sources of

economy are agriculture, hotels & homestay and civil service like police and military.

The village has now been declared headquarters of Annapurna Conservation Project as it is

situated along the popular Annapurna Sanctuary Trekking Area. The village offers excellent

views of Annapurna South, Machhapuchre and Himalachuli peaks. It is accessible after a five

hours trek from Birethanti, which lies along Pokhara-Baglung road.

Ghandruk Village Development Committee Profile

1. Historical Background

The history shows that the Ghandruk village was first situated at Parbat districts which is

the remote village and now found to be in Kaski districts. It was found that the ancestors

of Ghandruk were arrived from Mongolia linking with Tibet to Kobang, Mustang to

Lamjung and settled in Ghandruk. The name Ghandruk is originated from Kon’raa

which means uphill settlement or nearby uphill. In Nepali language, it can be termed as

Daadanko Basti or Daanda Neri. The Ghandruk word is not of Gurung culture nor it is in

the dictionary of Gurungs. The word Ghandruk came from Nepali language as people

speaking Taada (far), Ghana (compact) and door (distance) and the terminology

converted into Ghandruk. Actually it is known as Kon’raama which means Daandako

basti known as Ghandruk. From ghana rukh (compact tree), the word is set as Ghandruk.

(Source: Local people of Ghandruk village)

At earlier years, there was a tradition of throwing mud liquid to Dalit people before

entering to the house.

The distance covered to reach the Ghandruk village development committee from

Pokhara sub-metroplitan city is 53 km north. It is at a high altitude of 2050 meters above

sea level or 6765 feet from sea level. It is accessible after a five hours trek from

Birethanti, which lies along Pokhara-Baglung road. At Northern side, Machhapuchre,

Hiuchuli, Gangapurna-Annapurna mountains are found. The administrative as well as the

geographical boundaries of Ghandruk VDC’s is Modi khola, whereas at West-Deurali

Rani Dandaa and Daangsing Sikh; at North-Annapurna mountain and at South- Maadi

Dovan, Saandi khola. The total area covered by Ghandruk is 109810-13-1-0. (Source:

Village profile of Ghandruk-2067 BS)

2. Geographical Condition

Location

The Ghandruk VDC’s lies at N 28° 22̍ 35.3̎ and E 83° 48̍ 28̎. It is at an altitude of 2050

meters above mean sea level. And it is counted as a most popular trekking destination

situated at the northwest of Pokhara, Annapurna Region.

The western slope of the Annapurna range on which the village is situated faces east and

extends toward the bank of the Modi River. The VDC area stretches north to the

Annapurna range and to Dansing and Sikha VDCs in the west, while Modi Dovan and

Sandi Khola lies in the south. The mountain tops from Ghandruk towards Ghorepani and

from Ghorepani to Ulleri are covered with dense forests. Ghandruk village consists of

seven small villages such as Kotgaun, Majhgaun, Dhyagoyargaun, Adbadaiyayargaun,

Tallogaun, Dandagaun and Gairigaun.

The geographical conditions of Ghandruk VDC’s is remote with fragile compositions,

stone paved, high hill, low hill with rivers, steep slope, rhododendron forest and

inaccessibilty of bitumen road provision. There was a provision of stone paved and a foot

trail, from the very begining from 1960 when tourist came for trekking from Pokhara. In

today’s condition, from Pokhara to Birenthati and Birenthati to Dhaamle, there is a

facility of transportation services like bus, jeep, car and mules. And for ACAP (Annapura

Conservation Area Project), there was a foot trail from the begining period. The

conditions is weak, with marginality and accessibility is very poor in these regions.

Eastern side: Lumle VDC’s-Laandruk, ward no.09

Southern side: Daakshin VDC’s

Western: Myagdi

North: Annapurna

3. Development Pattern of Ghandruk

At first there was no development in Ghandruk VDC’s. There was not any provisions of

basic services such as electricity, watersupply, secondary schools, health-post, police-

post. After Maoist revolution in 2052 B.S, police-post was established. To find the water

source, local people have to walk 15 minutes down at Ghendro to fill their buckets for the

purpose of drinking and other household purpose. Offices were in Kushma, at first

Ghandruk is in Parbat district and in today’s context Saandhi khola means the boundary

line of Ghandruk and Ghandruk was merged in Kaski districts.

The development pattern of Ghandruk has almost changed. There are many hotels and

homestay found in the Ghandruk village today. Schools, health-post, watersupply,

electrcity generated from Micro-Hydel plants and accessibilty of transportation from

Nayapool to Birenthati and from Birenthati to Dhaamle and from Dhaamle, Mules (Khachad) is also the means of transportation to reach Ghandruk village.

4. Caste System in Ghandruk

Though mainly inhabited by the Gurungs, Ghandruk has a heterogeneous population ‐

Kamis, Magars, Sarkis, Damais, Brahmins, Chhetris, Newars and Rais. 5. Social Status in Ghandruk

Mul Aama group (samuha), saving group, a socially active group especially working for

lower people to generate income source from skill development trainings and helping

poor people needs. Similarly ACAP has also played an important role to preserve the

society and encouraging the local people to take participate in the skill based trainings

and workshop to generate the income source and sustain their lives. Donors also support

few amounts to the local people. The social status of Ghandruk did not change in the

sense of gap between rich and poor. The upper village, mostly inhabited by Gurungs and

other castes and the lower village known as Kami tole, Sarki tole and Dalit village which

seems social discrimination is still presence in Ghandruk.

To preserve the social fabric of Ghandruk, government did not pay any attention.

Ghandruk is a A class village nominated from the International organization, but still

lacks few provisions from the government side. When Maoist came to peace process in

2006, the ACAP and the police post was re-established in the Ghandruk village and from

that period the local people made an agreement to ACAP and police post, if any problem

persist in their village, they will solve their matter with talks and resolve their problems.

To preserve the original fabric of Ghandruk village, local people have tried their best to

overcome such difficulties and from the conservation point of view too. The local people

are found to be socially active, kind, helpful and caring in nature. Due to failure of local

bodies from 15/16 years, VDC’s is inactive, and hence to manage this regions,

Conservation Management Committee (CMC) was formed. CMC deals not only with the

problems relating to the VDC’s and conservation isues, but deals and work for the

management of the total area.

6. Cultural Heritage and situation of Conservation in Ghandruk

A good model of community-based conservation practiced in the locality of the

Ghandruk village. The objects of cultural heritage are conserved in this area. The

traditional dress of male includes Bhangro, Kamlo, Kachhad, Bhoto,Raadi-Paakhi,

Istakot black, Black Vaadgaaule Topi, Khukuri and belt Sikgapuri are still conserved in

this area.

Figure: Traditional Gurung dress of man and woman

Traditional dress of the female includes a short blouse tied across the front and a short

skirt of several yards of white cotton material wrapped around the waist and held as if a

wide belt. The Gurung women wear cotton or velveteen blouse tied at the front and a sari

of printed material usually a dark reddish colour. Their ornaments include gold and coral

necklaces, gold earrings and nose rings and bangles. (The dress like Lungi Mugiya, Lungi

Mugiya with Jari, Patuka, Makhmali cholo, Majetro, Ghalek, White Pachari, Tikis,

Dhugri, Kanthasri, Jantar and Naugedi are still preserved in this area as one of their

traditions and customs in this locality). Similary, the instruments like Flute, Maadal,

Dhumpu, Girling, Jhurma, Sankha, Dhyangro, Karnaal and Damai Baja known as Nau-

Baja are still preserved as a cultural heritage in this area.

To preserve and conserve the tangible and intangible cultural heritage, the active body

known as Conservation Management Committee (CMC) is taking the responsibility of all

aspect including natural heritage in the Ghandruk village. To preserve the traditional

instruments of Damai Nau Baja, the CMC body is directly involved in historic

preservation and became a part to pass a conservation process in conservation council.

People are mostly active in this area to preserve their culture, traditions, customs and

natural heritage. People are mostly active to preserve their dress, instruments, their

village form, and their traditional society. To protect from extinct, local people are

mostly active to preserve their cultural heritage and tradition in Ghandruk village and in

Annapurna conservation area.

7. Traditions and Culture

The Gurungs are very colourful, happy and flirtatious people. A caste hierarchy divides

the Gurung community into “Char jaat” and “Sor Jaat”, group of four and twelve clans

respectively. They are distinctly endogamous groups, however are strictly exogamous

clans. Traditionally they prefer cross-cousins marriage. Among some Gurungs, a small

amount of compensation may be necessary if one wishes to avoid cross-cousins marriage.

The parallel cousins marriage is, however strictly prohibited.

Recently, however, the idea of romantic love has seeped into the mentality of youngsters.

This is a result of external influences, among them tourism and movies. The younger

generation collectively views arranged marriages as obsolete. They prefer love marriages,

where they can choose their own mates. Sometimes their own choosing results in inter-

caste and inter-community marriages.

They also have a tradition of “Rodi”, a club of boys and girls of similar group where

dancing and singing is performed. This institution give them ample opportunities to know

and understand each other and develop good communications. The environment in the

Rodi is very flirtatious. The whole function is guided and held in the supervision of

seniors. The Gurungs have very interesting dance tradition. They perform Sorathi,

Ghado, Ghatu and others on one or many occasions. The dancing season generally starts

on Shri Panchami day (On the fifth day of bright lunar fortnight some day in January or

February) till the day of Chandi Purnima (some day in May or April).

In the realm of religion, the villagers perform life rituals and practice northern Buddhism.

They have institutionalized the post of the Lama (priest), Dhami and Jhankri (shaman and

faith healer). Contact and advice seeking with the Brahmin-Chhetris are common,

indicating the villagers ‘reverence for Hindu gods and goddesses. Meshram Baraha is the

largest Baraha of the Gurung community and Mongolian community.

Compact settlement is the main characteristic of the Gurung society, reflected by their

housing construction. The traditional houses are built of stones slabs, mud and timber.

For roofing, slate is used. The houses are rectangular in shape and are often two-storied.

Inside, there is a simple arrangement of just a kitchen and a bedroom.

8. Source of Income

The income source of the Ghandruk village people are mainly based on agriculture,

animal husbandry, tourism, services in the police and military, and engaging in their own

proffesion to sustain their lives. Mostly over the total population, each one of the member

has joined British army, Nepalease army, Indian army, Nepal police force. And mostly

today, many people flew to the arabian countries for jobs for generating income source to

sustain and protect their people lives in village from marginality ie. poverty.

The another source of income comes from the small and cottage industries and local

merchandize run by the local people.

It has been estimated by the Trekking Agent Association of Nepal (TAAN) that out of

50,000 people involved in the tourism sector; about 10,000 are employed as porters in

the trekking route to Annapurna and Jomsom. Many of them carry tourist luggage, while

some work as guides. Apart from working as porters and guides, many people in the area

Run small tea shops, cold drink stalls, and especially lodges.

According to the Season, tourist play an important role for the income source for the local

people. If the number of tourist increases day by day , then its the better time to get the

source of income by booking hotels and homestay from the International tourists and the

local tourists.

There are two types of hotels which will help local people to generate the income source

to sustain their lives and take care of their families.

a. From Sinuwa to Annapurna Base Camp- Hotel of public places

b. From Sitkai to Deurali- Hotel of public places

c. From Chaamrung to Ghandruk village- Private hotels and homestay

They grow rice, wheat, maize, millet, green vegetables, potatoes and organic tea farming.

The terraced farming is the norms. They also derive their subsistence from sheep breeding

for meat and wool. Most of the Gurung families have, however, an important source of

income; the pensions and salaries of the family members who are in the army. Among them,

there still exist the legendary fighters of British Gorkha Regiment, who were honoured with

Victoria Crosses for their bravery. The Dalit people depends upon the farming and daily

labor and works as masons and the other people depends upon agriculture and in their

proffesion to generate income source; and Mul Aama Samuha is also an acting body to help

poor people specially for women who are lagging behind the societies and lacks skills and

trainings.

9. Important aspect from the Tourism point of view

There are mainly five things which are the most important aspects from the tourism point

of view. They are:-



c. Religion

d. Conservation Management and

e. Development


Ghandruk village is the traditional settlement composed of different caste but

inhabited mostly by Gurungs. It’s an oldest settlement found in the Kaski region.

The Compact settlement is the main characteristic of the Gurung society, reflected

by their housing construction. The traditional houses are built of stones slabs, mud

and timber. For roofing, slate is used.

The houses are rectangular in shape and are often two-storied. Inside, there is a

simple arrangement of just a kitchen and a bedroom. The village is a unique

combination of living arrangement of homestay and traditional hotels with

facilities. At earlier years, there was a oval shape building (Ghumaune ghar or

Gol ghar-made up of straw and wood) found in the Ghandruk village. Every

building posses large farming land, and people only used to depends upon

agriculture and civil service like military and police.

Due to lack of wooden material for their house purpose, people are choosing to

build RCC and concrete buildings inside the Ghandruk region.

Figure: Traditional Settlement of Ghandruk village


Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) is located in the Western

Development Region of Nepal. It was established in 1986 to protect the natural

environment and to promote tourism through community participation. ACAP is

Nepal’s biggest protected area, and includes some of the world’s highest peaks,

deepest gorge, most popular trekking destination, and rich biological, geographic,

socioeconomic and cultural diversity.

The Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) is the largest undertaking of

National Trust for Natural Conservation (NTNC) and also the first Conservation

Area and largest protected area in Nepal. It covers an area of 7,629 sq. km. and is

home to over 100,000 residents of different cultural and linguistic groups. ACAP

is rich in biodiversity and is a treasure house for 1,226 species of flowering plants,

102 mammals, 474 birds, 39 reptiles and 22 amphibians.

Other features that also make the Annapurna region a unique the country is due

to the fact that it has one of the deepest Kali Gandaki Gorge, which is 3 miles

long and 1.5 miles wide, a valley with fossils from the Tethys Sea dating 60

million years ago. The region contains the world’s largest rhododendron forest in

Ghorepani and the world’s highest lake, Tilicho in Manang, south of the

Annapurna massif.

The biological diversity of the Annapurna region is equally rivaled cultural

diversity. Gurung and Magar are the dominant groups in the south, whereas

Thakali, Manange and Loba are dominant in the north. Each of these groups

speaks their own dialect, and has unique cultures and traditions. Besides, there

are also Brahmin, Chhetris and other occupational castes although in

comparatively smaller numbers. Hindu, Buddhist and pre-Buddhist religions

along with a mixture of all these are prevalent across the region. The local people reside in the 5 districts of the 57 Village Development Committees

(VDCs) of the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA).

Detail Information

Annapurna Conservation Area Project, guest lecture by Mr.Shyam Gurung in

Ghandruk (Baisakh 15th 2071)

14 years of experience in conservation and preservation,ACA

Figure: ACAP, Ghandruk

The multifaceted problems of ACA have been addressed through an integrated,

community based conservation and development approach, an experimental

model which has been in the vanguard of promoting the concepts of “Conservation Area” through an “Integrated Conservation and Development

Programme” approach in the country and abroad.

Additionally, ACA is the first protected area that has allowed local resident to

live within the boundaries as well as on their private property and maintain their

traditional rights and access to the use of natural resources.

It is also the first protected area, which has refrained from using army assistance

to protect the dwindling natural resource base on which the region depends. Instead, it invests whatever financial resources available for community

development and social capital building in the region.

NTNC receives no regular funding support from the government for the

operation of ACAP, but has been granted the right to collect entry fees from

visiting trekkers. One hundred percent of the revenue is ploughed back to

implement conservation and development activities in ACA. Additional funds

are raised from national and international donors. This is an exemplary achievement of a Non-Government Institution ability to manage a signifi cant

portion of the protected area system in Nepal.

In Nepal, the concept of National Trust for Natural Conservation was started from

the concept brought from Yellow National Park in North to United States and

Canada in 1872. The idea is to preserve Biodiversity, which became a successful

model to create Royal Chitwan National Park as the protected area.

Historical Background

Compact jungles with no human settlement activities was there in 1950

AD in Nepal.

2027 BS, Foresty and land-conservation ministry look after it.

23% of land is declared as protected area from Nepal’s total area.

When declared to preserve the wild life and natural conservation, mostly

local people and army men confront each other at that times.

In 2039 BS, the Royal government established for the first time known as

National Trust for Natural Conservation (NTNC).

After that, King Birendra in 2042 BS went to western region to understand

the objectives of the surrounding area, and after analysing all the situation,

for the development, management and protection of the biodiversity, King

Birendra gave the suggestion and NTNC reacted as fast and send scholars

and researchers in this area to find actual reasons for the protection of

biodiversity, development and management of this area. Dr. Chandra

Prasad Gurung, Brown Covert and Mingma Norbu Sherpa visited the

Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) and works are carried out as

research and withdraw conclusion. ACAP was first tested as a pilot

Program in the Ghandruk Village Development Committee (VDC) in 1986. After being notified in the Gazette as a “Conservation Area” in

1992, ACAP’s Program covered the entire area.

The local people reside in the 5 districts of the 57 Village Development

Committees (VDCs) of the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA).

National level strategy was carried out for the protected area management.

In technical part, donors country like USA, UK, Canada, Japan, France,

Germany and Netherland helped for the preservation, conservation and

management.

Mission statement of National Trust for Natural Conservation (NTNC)

To promote, conserve and manage nature in all its diversity balancing human

needs with the environment on a sustainable basis for posterity - ensuring

maximum community participation with due cognizance of the linkages between

economics, environment and ethics through a process in which people are both

the principal actors and beneficiaries.

Figure: The guiding principle showing the management NTNC.

Total Sq. Km in area:7,629 from M.S.L

1000 to 8091 high altitude

Lowest altitude: Lamjung; highest Annapurna I-8029 M

Midpoint from East to West (Sangam sthal)

Less area but rich in Biodiversity, 12 protected area with Kaligandaki

gorge

Caste and ethnic groups: 10

In 2013, number of Tourist visited is 1,12,000 (International tourists)

60-65% people come in Annapurna region only for trekking and hiking

from the total tourist population

Annapurna Base Camp; 50,000 Tourist

In 5 districts, the total number of tourist visited is found to be 1,12,000,

whereas in 5 days number of tourist is 15,000

Extinct mammals in Nepal: 27; there are 12 protected area with rich in

biodivesity in 7,629 sq. km which is the largest conservation zone of

Nepal.

420 settlement, 10 caste, total population: 1,00,000 (decreasing).

To compare and to show the relation how industrialization has destroyed

the traditional core as well as the natural resource in Europe, the figure

gives the clear meaning and hence there should be an effort for preserving

natural resource and natural conservation.

NTNC’s mission of promoting, managing and conserving nature in all its

diversity in Nepal is supported by the following guiding principles:

Always ensure a balance between human needs and the environment to guarantee long-term sustainability;

Always ensure maximum community participation with people

recognized both as the actors and clients; and ensuring equity and

gender sensitivity in all its work

Always linking economic, environmental and ethical factors in

conservation activities;

Always managing operations based on sound business oriented principles (high quality work, efficiency, effectiveness, quick

decision making based on facts/evidence, client oriented,

responsive to environmental changes and requirements);

Always working towards fostering strong partnerships with various stakeholders (community, Government, civil society and

international stakeholders) so as to ensure quality in all its

activities and conforming to client requirements;

Always abiding by principles of good governance.

Balance Study

Conservation Development

Development program

Conservation program

Education Investigation

Institutional development

(Trainings/ vocational training/ seminar/ workshop)

(Formation of sub-committee, Aaama Samuha, Local development

strategy, capacity building program etc.)

Awareness

Higher education

Training/ seminar

Management/ Adult education

( Praud sikhsya)

Strategy to focus

Financial management, Tourism management, Unified foresty system,

Income source generation, Safer water, Micro-hydel power plants

Physical infrastructure provision: Road, Watersupply & Sanitation

Small bridge, rope way, schools, community centres, health-post

Program and Activities (NTNC Program Focus)

Natural Resources Conservation

Wildlife Conservation

Conservation Education and Communication

Alternative Energy

Sustainable Community Development

Eco-tourism Management

Women Development

Agriculture and Livestock Development

Research and Monitoring

Capacity Building

Climate Change

Urban Environment Conservation

Heritage Conservation

Historic Preservation of tangible and intangible artifacts

Equal Acess

Hospitality Management

Reproductive health and family life education

Cultural heritage preservation

National Resource Conservation Programme

Natural Resource Management

Open Land Vegetation

Wildlife Preservation

There are 15 members working under VDCs Secretary in Natural resource management committee.

Alternative source of energy (Renewable energy): Less use of wood, Solar energy,

Gobar gas, Electric gas stove, Gas cylinder, Stove etc., Micro-hydel project in Ghandruk

village (16/17 in number) which helped to sustained the local community as well as to

hotels for heating and lightning purpose.

Local people are more conscious and they are preserving the surrounding area by

plantation Tree and other vegetations.

Conservation education, Awareness and Communication

Green force foundation in schooling level.

Awareness program from class 6, 7 and 8 as a conservation management and

education.

In this area, there are 16 higher secondary school, 1 secondary school and 1

primary school

There is a scholarship awarded for Dalit students every year

Prinitng Pamphlets & Brocheres and distribution is done freely

Tourism Management Program

Establishment of check post in diferent destination in National and International

level.

Awareness of Tourism education and communication from local level.

Solid waste management.

Running encouragement program to promote the protected area.

Reducing negative impact and managing positive aspect in the conservation area

by community based centres.

Reuse of material like organic biodegradable substance (Mal) and sending back to

Pokhara for agriculture and farming.

Non-degradable substance like plastic bottle, can, glass, will be taken by the same

hotel member who will bring the tourist in ACA, and the hotel member will be

responsible for collecting all items and send back to the collection centre in

Ghorepani or the next address.

Community Development Program

Physical infrastructure development program as roads, sanitation, safer drinking

water etc., provision of basic services and facilities.

Community is more focus and active in alternative source of energy and ACAP is

also helping local people in that program.

Agriculture and Pasture Development Program

Unified forest preservation strategy

Hybrid farming

Small and cottage industries, local merchandize

Organic tea farming and chemical farming

Cashcrops

Tea estate

Equal Access and Development Program

Empowerment of women

Strategic planning focus for women

Sensitive analysis for targeted women group/ training/seminar

Adult literacy (Praud sikshya)

Cultural development program

Aama Samuha

Conservation and development: encouraging women in development field

Domestication of animals like goat , cow and buffalo farming

Skill development program like woolen carpeting, straw and bamboo products,

plastic arts, wooden crafts and cutting & finishing of cotton clothes etc.

Environment action planning measures

Equal access in representing the development program in the protected area and in

the locality in VDCs and Municipalities.

Heritage and Conservation Management Development Program

For example Upallo Mustang (upper mustang), Jharkot, Kaagbeni are those place

which needs packages and should be conserved in terms of cultural and heritage

conservation.

Trans-himalayan region: Mustang region, Manang region- desert arid system.

700 years ago, the Mustang traditional houses as well as temples are made from

large tree with single rounded material.

There is a temple found in that locality where a Vishnu statue is made from the

single hard stone.

If we all work together, then we can preserve our cultural and heritage to sustain it

for a long time.

If people participate and active in local development, then preservation and

conservation will be sustained which wil revive economic condition, social

condition and we can go for progressing our social structure of the society.

ACAP is active by 2053 BS ruling manual (niyamabali), 2057 BS guidelines

(nirdesika).

When Maoist revolution is there, ACAP was fully destroyed by blasting, after

2006 peace agreement between Maoist and the government, ACAP was rehab and

then active again to give services.

ACAP was undertaken by the community and if others committe needed for

welfare of the society then there is an agreement between local people to make

available of those committee’s in near future.

Additionally, ACA is the first protected area that has allowed local resident to

live within the boundaries as well as on their private property and maintain their

traditional rights and access to the use of natural resources.

In order to manage ACA more effectively, it has been divided into 7 unit

conservation offices - Jomsom, Manang and Lo-Manthang in the trans-Himalayan

region and Bhujung, Sikles, Ghandruk, and Lwang on the southern flank of the

Annapurna range.

Under the heritage conservation program, activities are geared to preserve the

existing culture arid heritage of the region. The activities include supporting

local level traditions and festivals, repair and maintenance of religious shrines

such as monasteries, temples and support for the operation of monastic schools.

Reproductive health and family life education

General and reproductive health program aims at delivering better approach to

health care for the local people. Activities include conducting health camps and

providing general health services to the local people in remote areas and where

no regular health services are available.

Agriculture and Livestock Development

Agriculture and livestock development program is an important feature as many

people in the region still depend on it. By the diversifying agriculture production

and livestock to enhance the agriculture based rural income, activities under this

program ranges from multipurpose nursery operation, introduction of fi eld tested

improved varieties of crops through conservation farmers, promoting cash crops

and fruit tree plantation at local level, improved breed selection and veterinary

services are carried out.

Others

Women development program (WD) focuses on bringing the women,

marginalized and socially outcast people in the conservation and development

mainstream through the gender empowerment activities to enhance their

participation in decision making and program implementation. Activities include

enhancing their skills in income generations, providing opportunity for better

education, capacity building and exposure tours and operation of daycare centers.

Conservation education and extension program (CEEP) aims at spreading the

conservation awareness message to every part of the ACA and beyond. Different

activities are organized to deliver the message of conservation and development

through formal school education at grade 6, 7 and 8 with special curriculum, and,

informal education such as, adult literacy classes and mobile awareness camps.

This is the backbone of ACAP program as it is based on the ethic that only

education can change the attitude of people and through this program local people

as well as visitors are given series of awareness on the different approaches and

programs undertaken in the Conservation Area.

The tourism management program aims to carefully balance between ecology,

local livelihood needs and visitors’ satisfaction. The program gives high priority

to reduce the negative impacts of tourism and enhance the positive impact. For

this, visitors’ information centers and tourism check posts and eco museums are

managed with different exhibits and information related to ACA, creating

awareness on the minimum impact code for visitors, preparation of audio-visuals,

sign posting and tourism related awareness camp conduction are some of the

activities of this program. At local level, capacity enhancement of local people in

managing tourism and tourism enterprise development activities are conducted.

Impact study is most to know the environmental issues and arrangement of

preventive measures. To protect ecology and environment, there should be study

and research.

Human settlement last station is Chomrung VDC’s

Mul Aama Samuha

Mul Aama Samuha is most active in Ghandruk VDC’s mostly in ward: 3, 4, 5, 6,

7 and 8. Mul Aama group (samuha), saving group, a socially active group

especially working for lower people to generate income source by giving skill

development trainings and helping poor people needs.

Mostly active for the preservation of the protected area, working together for

infrastructure provision and other environmental protection program.

Ghandruk: A model village, International award winning village; a win win project: eco-

tourism model

c. Religion

Religiously people of Ghandruk VDCs follow both Hinduism and Buddhism.

They worship the Hindu god and goddess as well as follow Buddhism too.

Meshram Baraha is one of the largest Baraha of the Gurung community and of the

Mongolian community. The interesting thing is that, these Baraha is worshipped

by most of the Hindu people in Ghandruk VDCs as well as nearby village people

too.

This Meshram Baraha is worshipped twice yearly and people get blessed by the

temple monk and by the seniors in that festival. Mostly people gather from

different mongolian community to visit Meshram Baraha festival. Local people

and the different tribal mongolian community believe in Meshram Baraha and

visit the Baraha and follow their traditions, customs and belief still today. Local

people are following their traditions and culture from their ancestors period till

today and passing their culture to the younger generation.

The Baraha is worshipped in a sacred day that is on any Tuesday of Chaitra or

Baishak. It is a commonplace phenomenon to offer the deity at least one sheep or

male goats accompanying with ten breads made from rice flour form each

household. Every house is smeared with the mixture of red clay and cow dung

and the person participating in the worship of deity has to wear new and sacred

dress on this occasion. One this day, ploughing of land is not done by general

consciousness and religious authority also prohibits ploughing of land on this day

and people do not start there long journey on this day. When the whole villagers

gather in the premise of Meshram Baraha deity, the spiritual leader of the village

begins chanting mantras and begins offering homage, which is believed to bring

goodness and opulence to the whole village of Ghandruk.

Actually Meshram Baraha Lake is situated at the high altitude of 10,000 feet, low

oxygen pressure, above the mean sea level and it takes 1 day to reach from

Ghandruk VDCs for local people and 1.5 days for visitors and tourists from

Ghandruk. Meshram Baraha’s soil was collected from its original place-temple

land and the soil was moved from its direction towards Ghandruk; after

worshipping from the Priest Lama for several days, the temple was newly

constructed in that locality (disha pahilaayera devsthal ko nirmaan).

By this way the Meshram Baraha temple was constructed and worshipped by the

people of Ghandruk. Inclusive society of Ghandruk believe in their religion and

respect each and every religion. Local people of Ghandruk celebrate different

kinds of festival including Dashain & Tihar, Shri Panchami, Teez, and mostly all

festivals of Hindu and Buddhism.

There is a belief that, at Meshram Baraha lake, when there is a storm comes and

leaf used to fall in lake, then the sacred birds visit there and all leaf will be carried

by the birds and not even a single piece of leaf will fall in that lake. Local people

has their belief that the power of god is presence in that lake and taking care of

the temple and lake. There is also a saying that if people go there for their wish by

walking with purity thoughts, then the wish will be granted and he/she will be

blessed by the god and he/she will be living their life happily together in their

family.

Religiously, the most important and worshipped Baraha of the community people.

And whenever people do any harm to the Meshram Baraha temple near Meshram

Baraha lake, then there is a saying that, village people of Ghandruk have to face

of Snow storm, rainfall and others climatic effect.

d. Conservation Management

Conservation education and extension program (CEEP) aims at spreading the

conservation awareness message to every part of the ACA and beyond. Different

activities are organized to deliver the message of conservation and development

through formal school education at grade 6, 7 and 8 with special curriculum, and,

informal education such as, adult literacy classes and mobile awareness camps.

To preserve the original fabric of Ghandruk village, local people have tried their

best to overcome such difficulties and from the conservation point of view too.

The local people are found to be socially active, kind, helpful and caring in

nature. Due to failure of local bodies from 15/16 years, VDC’s is inactive, and

hence to manage this regions, Conservation Management Committee (CMC) was

formed. CMC deals not only with the problems relating to the VDC’s and

conservation isues, but deals and work for the management of the total area

e. Development

Development works are carried out in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA)

and in the Ghandruk VDCs and nearby locality from Nayapool to Birenthati to

Dhaamle and nearby other village like Lumle, Chamrung etc. and near Sitkai and

Deurali.

There are different kinds of development works are possible, from the phsical

infrastructure to community development. In Ghandruk VDCs there are 17 micro-

hydel power plants are established for the purpose of electricity, safer drinking

water and solar panel fittings.

Under the community development program (CD), activities of community based infrastructures development works are carried out. Buildings ranging from school,

CAMC offices, community halls, community lodges, day-care centre buildings,

trails, railings, drinking water, irrigation canals, sanitation works are constructed

and developed with active participation of the local community. Introduction of

energy efficient community building using passive solar architecture technology

for demonstration and providing safe drinking water using ozonation technology along the trekking routes are innovative role played by ACAP in technology

dissemination and creating demonstration effects at the local level.


marginalized and socially outcast people in the conservation and development

mainstream through the gender empowerment activities to enhance their

participation in decision making and program implementation. Activities include

enhancing their skills in income generations, providing opportunity for better

education, capacity building and exposure tours and operation of daycare centers.

10. Situation of Hotels and Homestay

There is a Tourism Management Committe (TMC) actively working to manage the hotels

and homestay by applying equal rules and creating a same menu card for all hotels and

homestay in Ghandruk VDCs and in ACA (Annapurna Conservation Area).

11. Situation of Tourist visiting yearly in Ghandruk VDCs

There are mostly two season , tourist visiting to Ghandruk VDCs and Annapurna

Conservation Area (ACA). From the data available by ACAP office, Ghandruk, more

than 50,000 tourists visit Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) and only in Ghandruk,

17,000 tourist come here to see the model village Ghandruk and trekking from here to

Lumle, Chamrung, Sitkai, Deurali , Sinuwa to Annapurna Base Camp.

Two season: (In Nepalease Calendar)

Asoj, Kartik and Mangsir (September, October and November)

Falgun, Chaitra and Baisakh (February, March and April)

12. Behavior of local people in Ghandruk VDCs

There are two kinds of behavior local people posses in Ghandruk VDCs. Social behavior

and Cultural behavior. They follow their social system of fooding, drinking and dancing

behavior in their locality.

Local people are still following their food culture like “Dhindo, Chhyang, Tumba, Wine

(millet made or made up of damaged rice), Gundruk (drying green leafy vegetables) and

Vatta (pea seeds- sibi and vatmash)”.

They ( local people) follow their cultural behavior still today and preserving their culture

to pass to the next generation. First Tumba was in the wooden material, but due to

scarcity of the wooden craftsmen who used to manufactured all that material, now a days

Tumba is fill in copper material and they used to drink from that copper shape glass

specially made for that purpose only.

Famous for nepali dish and variety of food culture in this area. Local people are found to

be social, active, gentle, caring, helpful and they follow the same traditions as their

ancestors used to follow and mostly the Gurungs are flitartious in nature.

13. Situation of accessibility of roads

From Nayapool to Birenthati and from Birenthati to Dhaamle, there is a road provision

with fragility in most part of the area. The road is curvilinear and have to face many

difficulties travelling from Nayapool to Dhaamle. The situation of accessibilty of road is

very weak in terms of linking the remote village like Ghandruk and other parts of the

Annapurna Conservation Area.

There is a planning to make accessibilty of transportation services in the Ghandruk

village by arranging the provision of gravel road or may be bituminous road from the

local community of the Ghandruk VDCs. Managing the situation and understanding how

the route will be possible from which area, so that to attract internal tourist and sustained

their village in terms of development, income source, tourism, small and cottage

industries and from income source generation. Local people believe that, if the

transportation facility will be there, then their place will be more developed and all the

people of Ghandruk village including Dalit village will sustain their lives in more better

form, and all other development will reach their village.

14. Most important to do in Tourism development

There is a concept of Park evolving in the society of Ghandruk VDCs which will help the local people to collect income source and a source for revenue generation. The local

people are planning a park concept so that they can keep the tourist more than two days

in their area and they can generate more income source so that the money which will be

raised as revenue generation can be cashed into other developments like road provision,

hospitals, training centres, museums, and the necessary basic services and amenities in

their locality.

15. Small and Cottage Indusries

In Ghandruk, the majority of people are from Gurung community. They are famous for

their unique culture. They are now very much well aware and conscious of eco-tourism.

The local production are “Raadi, Paakhi, Alloko Bhangro, Ghoom”, woolen materials

from sheeps, carpets made from woolen and other locally available material. Agriculture

and foresty is also listed in Ghandruk VDCs.

Trade, Restaurant and hotels with homestay are actively in this village. The skills are in

extinct phase, to preserve the skills to make this kinds of material, it will be sustained if

the concerned parties will pay attention otherwise the trend will be lost and difficult to

make this dress in near future. At older days, the old people used to wear the clothes

made from the above material as Sisnaako Bhangra, underwear etc.

16. Building Architecture

In architecture people always use locally available materials. The people of Ghandruk

make their house with stone, rock, mud, wood, cow – dung etc. These houses were made

with slate and tin roofs and have two stories of which the upper storey is used for storage.

The courtyards are found in the front side of house and were found very clean.

There are water taps and sheds situated beside the house. Most of the houses have main

door and the windows of the upper storey faced east and the height of the main door will

be sort. Lightning rods, which look like Trishul (Trident), are also found on most houses

to protect them from the thunder. Every house has a parapet.

They use the parapet for various activities such as rest, meeting people and gossiping.

They also use it to carry their own a cottage Industry work and also use for dinning. In

the ancient time why did Gurung people make their main door of most of the houses very

low? According to Min Bahadur Gurung there is a story behind this. The Gurung in those

days believed in shamanism.

If the house entrance height is low then it would be difficult for anyone to enter the house

without bending or bowing the head and there by evils would not be capable of bending

their head and thus not enter the house from the gate while chasing people. Thus

population of the low height main entrance-door existed due to the influence of this story.

But these days the architecture has changed. But still one will find small main door

houses in Sikles village which has still been preserved

17. Formation of Committee’s in Ghandruk VDCs

There are different committee’s working actively in Ghandruk village for the welfare of

the society. They are:



c) Electricity Management Committee



f) Mules Management Committee

g) Conservation Management Commitee

h) Youth and Rodi club Management Committee

i) Volunteer Management Committee

j) Saving and Loan group Management Committee


Mr. Chak Bahadur Gurung is the President of School Management Committee in

Ghandruk VDCs. There are 18 members from all the wards. (wards 1 to 9). The

main duties and resposibilities of this management committee is to:

To ensure that the main activity of teaching and learning takes place

effectively in the institution

To ensure the rule of discipline within the institution

To plan and implement strategies for school improvement

To ensure the security and safety of all staff and students at school

To ensure the maintenance and upkeep of the school building and

premises

To manage and supervise the staff working under him, ensuring that they

are aware of and abide by official instructions

To act as the focal point for the school at large, including the close

community

Setting up different sub-committees, attending and chairing meetings,

attending to files and mail, organizing work, writing reports, supervising

staff and administration of personnel matters, administration of student

matters, including organization of examinations and enforcement of Rules

and Regulations, management of human, financial, material and

infrastructural resources, etc.

Promoting health standards, enhancing school environment, promoting

culture and social values at school, developing partnership with the

community


Mr. Shankar Bahadur Gurung is the President of Health-post Management

Committee in Ghandruk VDCs. There are 11 general members from the

Ghandruk VDCs. Good health is an important asset for every citizen to improve

living standard. Healthy human resources are essential for an overall

development. The health-post was established in 2025 BS. The main duties and

resposibilities of this committee is to:

Strengthening and expanding equitable delivery of the Essential Health

Care Services like first aids, accident injury and other effects.

Regional focus to support implementation, supervision and monitoring

Strengthen referral system with strengthening referral sites and linkage

with rural facilities and communities encompassing maternal, new born

and children

Advising and counselling to the heath-post users about different diseases

like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Jaundice, Black fever, Pnemonia etc. and

giving attention to the service users.

Synchronicity of health systems strengthening effort. eg. to follow

infrastructure improvement with human resource and supplies;

Support to strengthening management committees

Coordinate with respective councils/ institutions to integrate relevant

training curricula and regulate quality

Support to inform regional and district level on financial guideline; and

monitoring

Lack of big and well equipped hospitals in the Ghandruk VDCs, only few

nurses and health assistant and a doctor in the healthpost. Overall the

service provided by the health post is good and no bad comment was

received till today in the Ghandruk VDCs.

c) Electricity Management Comittee

Mr. Dhurba Gurung is the President of Electricity Management Committee in

Ghandruk VDCs. The committee was formed 24 years ago. Here are total 11

members from Ghandruk VDCs.

At first local people don’t know about what actually micro-hydel power plants is?

later on ACAP member Dr. Chandra Gurung et. al came here and study about

micro-hydel power plant. Canadian aid gave 9 hundred thousand rupees as a

grant, Agriculture development bank of Nepal supported 9 hundred thousand as a

loan, from community labour fund 4 hundred thousand rupees was collected and

ACAP supported 4 hundred thousand as a grant. This money were collected and

micro-hydel power plants was established. At the trial period of micro-hydel

power plants, the pipe got bursted.

The contractor who took the contracts of developing the micro-hydel power plant

paid Rs 35 hundred thousand as a compensation to manage the penstock pipe.

From the head race of Chaaney river (khola), the electricity was drawn. Later on

from power house to Siuro river approximately 3 km, more amount of money was

invested but successfully completed to bring penstock pipe from downstream.

Second phase was also completed after first phase.

For mobile tower, school and health-post, there is a scarcity of electricity, so to

fulfill the demand, second phase was produced. In today’s condition, there is less

water in the river. There is a planning to carry water from downstream

Bhainsekharka to upstream or from Simle to village the water can be pumped and

pull back up by pumping the water for electricity and safer drinking water.

Financial system for paying the electricity bill

Bill unit amount will be collected from the service user as per the unit fixed by the

electricity management committee. There are varying rates in the VDCs. Hotels

pay Rs 2 per watt and general local citizens pay Rs 1.50 per watt for electricity.

The main resposibilities of this management committee is to provide good

services to the local people and developed the society.


President: Uddisuwa Gurung

There are more than 500 members in Mul Aama Samuha from Ghandruk VDCs.

Rs.100 is collected from each member and the total amount is used for the

purpose of skill development program as well as other infrastructure provisions.

Saving of Rs.100 monthly can give a loan Rs 1,00,000.00 to Rs. 1, 50,000.00

looking the condition of the member. Saving and Loan group Management

Committee is under Mul Aama Samuha.

Main works of Mul Aama Samuha committee is to:

Provide trainings/ skill development program to the local women of

Ghandruk VDCs.


marginalized and socially outcast people in the conservation and

development mainstream through the gender empowerment activities to

enhance their participation in decision making and program implementation.

Activities include enhancing their skills in income generations, providing

opportunity for better education, capacity building and exposure tours and

operation of daycare centers.

Mul Aama group (samuha), saving group, a socially active group

especially working for lower people to generate income source from skill

development trainings and helping poor people needs. Work as a equal access to the local women for the development and

empowerment of women.

Inclusive, friendly with helping hands for all class of society specially for

women and women development program.

Work hand to hand for the environment action as well as for other

development works in the VDCs.


Mr. Kisam Gurung is the President of hotel management committee as well as of

tourism management committee. There is the same menu card which is same all

over the Ghandruk VDCs and have the same accomodation/prices for all the

hotels and homestay in Ghandruk VDCs.

History of Tourism

At earlier years, the menu card is different from each hotels and homestay. Later

when ACAP came in the protected area, once a year a menu card design was

made and it was distributed all over the ACA and nearby villages. But from the

5/6 years, not depending upon ACAP, hotel management committee was formed.

Total there are training/ counsellor in Ghorepani-Chamrung-Dhampus including

century tourism enterprise community/ committee system. After when century

tourism enterprise committee arrived at the ACA, they print their menu card

design and update and launch the card yearly and distribute in the ACA, specially

in the hotels and homestay in the way to the ACA and nearby villages.

Making the base for Birenthati and Dhampus, the design is made for Ghandruk

village, which follow the same menu card and targeted for hotels but found some

defects like, the people who are running their homestay, they give most

preferences to their homestay as well as they encourage their items relating the

traditional custom dress and jewellary. Committee’s work and responsibilities is

mostly focus for arranging accomodation, hotel and lodge for International

tourists and priority is only for International tourists, but fair condition is for local

tourists in Ghandruk village and mostly in ACA (Annapurna Conservation Area).

Nepali or local citizens of Nepal get discounted in hotels, homestay and other

items, but varies in amount from people to people. Century tourism enterprises

community established on 2008 AD. Openess in Ghandruk for tourism and

tourists in the sense that the local people who do business like hotels and

homestay, do not quarell each other to attract tourist-to visit their hotels or

homestay and respect each other with fair policies. Tourist can go anywhere to

live in the hotels and homestay in Ghandruk, there is not such provisions like

come here, look here and stay here. There is 100% satisfaction for tourist to

choose their own hotels and homestay.

No vision pollution for tourist in Annapurna Conservation Area, and mostly in

Ghandruk village. The vision pollution like signage, hoarding board cannot be

seen in the ACA and nearby villages. There is not only facilities provided for

hotels, but to the locals also. To preserve the traditional cultural conservation and

openess to the tourist, the local citizens have their rights to display their dress,

jewellary and ornaments and can take rate not more than Rs 100 for dress for

international tourists and Rs 50 for national tourists.

There is the decentralization system in Ghandruk village to do business and

management of market price. Every items like cash crops, agriculture

management, wine, milk and milk products and green vegetables were properly

managed in Ghandruk VDCs. Organic farming is given most priority for the

development of this area from trade and business.

There is a tent system camping from Ghorepani to Chamrung to Dhampus and in

Ghandruk. International tourist expense their amount 15,00-2,000 $ when they

visit in this ACA, but National tourist amount is double than International tourists.

Rate and price is focus to the national citizens and International tourist, but

mainly focus given only for International tourist. At first there is a homestay

system in tourism then only lodge and hotels and restaurants. Most of the people

in Ghandruk are associated with hospitality industry. It was only in 1960 AD that

entrepreneur and teacher Shankar Bahadur Gurung had established first hotel -

Fishtail Hotel in Ghandruk, later known as Hotel Milan.(Source: Shankar Bahadur

Gurung, Hotel Milan)

In Ghandruk village, the first priority is given for traditions, historic fabric,

cultural conservation and nature conservation. Some people are following modern

technology and destroying the village building architecture. In Ghandruk VDCs,

there is also a hotel which gives most priority for Nationals and locals rather than

International tourists. (Source: Kisam Gurung, owner of Gurung cottage and the

president of hotel management committee)

f. Mules Management Committee

The data was given by the wife of Mr. Sukbir Gurung, the head of the Mules

management committee. According to Maina kumari Gurung, the wife of Sukbir

Gurung, the mules used to carry sand, cement, stone, wire, metal pipe, rod, steel,

green vegetables, wooden materials and used as a transportation for carrying

people from one place to another. Material transportation from Dhamle to

Ghandruk and vice-versa. From the International tourist, they collect 2000 to

7000 Rs. and from the National citizens, they take a least amount Rs. 300 to Rs.

500 for carrying bags and luggage. For hauling and transportation of few lump

sum, then the amount varies from Rs. 250 to Rs. 1800 for locals or National

citizens and for International tourist the value ranges same as described above.

The mules belongs to different owner, but when comes in the committee, then

they have to follow the same rate as prescribed by committee’s.

The main purpose of the mules management commitee is to provide the ease of

access to everyone for hauling and transportation.

g. Conservation Management Commitee (CMC)

Due to failure of local bodies from 15/16 years, VDC’s is inactive, and hence to

manage this regions, Conservation Management Committee (CMC) was formed.

CMC deals not only with the problems relating to the VDC’s and conservation

isues, but deals and work for the management of the total area. (Source:

Secretary: Mr. Man prasad Gurung, CMC, owner of Ashish Aama hotel and

custom jewellary)

h. Youth and Rodi club Management Committee

Mr. Purna Prasad Gurung is the president of Youth and Rodi club management

committee. There are 13 members from ward 1 to ward 9 of the Ghandruk VDCs.

They all are the working committee member. It was established 20-22 years ago,

but when not renue by the member, it was dissolved and again new process was

carried out and new name was formed as Youth and Rodi club. At first it was

known as Rodhi ghar. The new formation date of this committee is 2062 BS. The

main duties and responsibilities of this committee is to:

Mobilizing youth for the local deveopment

Still lack of awareness, youth and people lack in collecting information,

hence to manage the situation, this committee was formed.

To be active for the protection of the local tradition and cultural heritage.

To be active for the preservation of ethnic tribe and customs and belief and

religious of the local people.

To preserve the Damai-Nau baja as well as to preserve social and cultural

behavior of this area.

The committee will be run by the financial system and donation given by

the local people as well as by the people who stay in abroad. There is a

welfare body which will give some amount as a donation from NGO’s and

INGO’s. Sometimes own salary is used for running the committee. 50%

Taxes from VDCs will be taken as to run youth and rodi club committee as

per described in the local self governance act.

i. Volunteer Management Committee

Mrs. Harimaya Gurung is the president of the Volunteer management committee

of Ghandruk VDCs. The main responsibilities of this volunteer management

committee is to provide aactivities’ include conducting health camps and

providing general health services to the local people in remote areas and where no

regular health services are available. Responsible for helping women’s and child

in reproductive health service as well as active for making village free from

pollution. Working as a volunteer to preserve the status of the village and

arranging the programs to attend weekly, bio-weekly, monthly for the

preservation of the Ghandruk village in terms of environment, ecology and equity.

j. Saving and Loan group Management Committee

This committee is the sub-committee of Mul Aama Samuha and it was described

earlier in Mul Aama Samuha committee above.

18. Household Survey (Questionnaire Input Survey)

a. Respondent’s Name: Bishnu bahadur Lamichhane

Male: 4; Female: 8

No. of families: 12

Religion: Hindu

Literate: 3, illiterate: 9

School: Meshram Baraha secondary school, Ghandruk-5, Kaski

Proffesion: Agriculture, Animal husbandary, Farmer

Agriculture production: Cashcrops, maize, millet, potatoes, organic farming,

green vegetables,

Monthly expenses: Rs.7000

Accesibility: Road provision till Dhaamle, bus should come in village

Ward no.: 06, Aarbey, Ghandruk

Building architecture: Nepali tradition house

b. Respondent’s Name: Gobi raj and durgalaxmi

Male: 1; Female: 1

No. of families: 2; Age: 86/80

Religion: Hindu

illiterate family

Agricultural production: Pea, green vegetables

Building architecture: Nepali tradition house with arts in door and windows

For wood: From CMC, ticket system can help to bring wood from upper jungle.

c. Respondent’s Name: Mankaji Gurung

Male: 3; Female: 4

No. of families: 7; Age: 84/69

Proffesion: Agriculture, Retired army (Laahure)

Religion: Buddhism,

Agriculture production: Cashcrops

Literate: 2 son- MA/BA; 3 daughter: BA

Source of Income: Pension

Monthly expenses: Rs. 12000

Land was rented for agriculture production and 50% production to the person who

do such farming in their lands

Accesibility: From Ghandruk to Dhaamle, walking and sometimes prefer mules

for luggage transportation

Old age allowances: Rs.500 per month

d. Respondent’s Name: Man bahadur Gurung

Age: 74; Male: 3; Female: 2

Proffesion: Agriculture, Retired army men

Religion: Buddhism

Meshram Baraha Temple was made by him in Ghandruk village

Source of Income: Pension, agriculture

Monthly expense: Rs. 6000

Weak in health condition, deaf and his son live in pokhara and never want to visit

to his dad there in Ghandruk, according to his saying.

Bus should come to Ghandruk village so that he can go for his son’s home in

Pokhara and the village will be developed.

e. Respondent’s Name: Chabi Rana Magar, ward no.:5

No. of families: 3; Male: 1; Female:1; child: 1 (2 months old)

Proffesion: Agriculture; Meat shops (Meat from Pokhara), small scale poultry

farming

stay as rent in the house of Sakura hotel owner Chak bahadur gurung

Literate: Class 10 only and left, wife literate only upto class 6

Religion: Hindu

Transportation: Mules, they have their 2 mules in mules management committee.

Agriculture production: Maize, millet

Monthly expenses: Rs.13,000

f. Respondent’s Name: Pabitra Sunwar

Religion: Hindu

Proffesion: Agriculture, daily labor, land lease agreement and farming for

production ( Adhiya)

Source of Income: Selling the vegetables, maize, millet, potatoes

Literate person: 2, studying in class 3 and 4

Worship meshram baraha and other festivals like dashain, tihar, panchami, teej,

and lohsaar and other festival of Nepal

Accesibilty: When maoist president Prachanda visit to Ghandruk, he became the

leader to provide the provision of roads from Nayapool to Dhaamle, but every

people from Ghandruk village gave certain amount as Rs. 5,00,000 for

excavating the land for road purpose by dozers, excavators, and government also

helped there for to arrange such provision and maoist party gave 4,00,000 rupees

as a grant there, acoording to her. Transportation should be till Ghandruk village

g. Respondent’s Name: Sam bahadur Bika (Sunuwar)

Religion: Hindu

Proffesion: Farmer

Source of Income: few only, daily basis labor

Male: 1; Female: 3

Literate: upto class 7, wife upto class 6, other 2 children studying in Meshram

Baraha secondary school

Accesibiltiy: Bus from Pokhara to Dhaamle helped to travel,

Health post is doing their job in best way

According to him, Ghandruk village is a discrimination society. Gurungs

discriminate us in many aspects, as well as ACAP and CMC also discriminate us

and disrespect us, specially for women, ACAP and CMC want to treat as womens

are their private means. The grant which used to come for lower people like us,

the grant never come in full fledge to us, CMC member and Ghandruk VDCs

person don’t posses equal access program here in Ghandruk. Local people,

mostly Gurungs, still posses exclusive society here, not inclusive society and its

the bad luck and a black day for we people here.

Earnings: Rs.500 daily as a labor basis

Area of living: Ward:07, Tallo Gaun, Kaami tole

h. Respondent’s Name: Sumitra Bika (Sunuwar)

Age: 55; Male: 1; Female:3; Religion: Hindu, but worship Meshram Baraha too

and other hindu festivals of Nepal.

Proffesion: Agriculture, farming, daily labor work

Social work: Zero, Mul Aama Samuha is not active in lower village, discriminated

society

When maoist revolution took place, they did not attack lower village, but attacked

to the rich people who used to threat lower people to work on their lands and as

well as after maoist settlement in peace, maoist helped for accesibilty of roads

from Nayapool to Dhaamle, according to her.

Source of Income: difficult to arrange,

Citizenship card took by the daughter in law, that’s why she is not getting her old

age allowance, which was distributed by the government; and her daughter in law

used to hit her every time when she asked about her citizen’s card to give to her.

Health condition: Too weak,

i. Respondent’s Name: Mani Bika.


School first established: Meshram Baraha secondary school, 2006 BS

Proffesion: Agriculture, animal husbandary, farmer, small scale poultry(12

chikens, 1 hen)

Ghandruk village developed when people came to settled here and became a

tourist destination to reach Annapurna Base Camp from here.

Local people has focussed to preserve the local traditions and culture here in

Ghandruk society. Source of income of people of Ghandruk mostly is agriculture,

animal husbandary, poultry, tourism, hotels, homestay, retail shops, museums,

farmings, small cottage industries, and farming. For the development of

infrastructure provisions like roads, watersupply, sanitation, tourism, schools

formation, police, healthpost, electricity, and others source, local people have

played an important role to preserve this society as free plastics and bottles area as

well as the local people has sucess to save this place from the environment point

of view. In this village no pollution like wastes, mineral water bottle and others.

Religion: Hindu, but worship Meshram baraha too and respect every culture of

Hindu and buddhism culture.

Famous Instruments: Damais ‘Nau Baja’, Dhumpu, Girling, Jhurma, Karnal

Grants from British welfare and people living abroad for the development of

Ghandruk village.

j. Respondent’s Name: Dam bahadur Pariyar


Literacy: 100%

Proffession: Agriculture, farmer

Religion: Hindu

Ancestors are from Ghandruk village

Maoist party is supporting us by providing grants as well as loan for survival and

we used to do goat farming as well as poultry in very small scale.

Social work is zero by Mul aama samuha in lower village as kaami tole, damai

tole and sarki tole.

Source of Income: Daily basis labor, Rs. 500 per day

k. Respondent’s Name: Rom bahadur Pariyar


Religion: Hindu

Literacy rate: 4 son and daughter studying in Meshram barha secondary school at

class 2, 3 and 5.

Source of Income: Daily basis labor, Rs. 500 per day, wooden work to cut from

jungle.

l. Respondent’s Name: Buddhi bahadur Pariyar

Age: 36; Male: 4; Female:2

Religion: Hindu

Lieracy: 3 son and daughter studying in Meshram barha secondary school at class

1 and 2

Monthly expenses: difficult but working hard to survive and taking care of

families.

Source of Income: Daily labor basis, farming, small scale poultry farming

Ghandruk village don’t give respect for we lower people. No provision of services

here for lower people and families.

m. Respondent’s Name: Kul bahadur Sunar

Age: 28; Religion: Hindu

Male: 5; Female: 3

Main owner: Mir bahadur Sunar, father

Proffesion: Animal husbandary, very small scale poultry farming, agriculture

Ghandruk is the inclusive society.

There was a training, skill development program found to be active years ago, but

no such things are here in Ghandruk. To get trainings and skill development

program, now we have to go Pokhara. Mul aama Samuha posses discriminating

nature.

There is not any work done by Gurungs for low income people neither by Village

development committees members.

Many years ago, the daily basis income is very low in comparison in today’s

context. At first the daily basis Rs. is 25 for each labour, and today there is a

different rate for male and female. For female there is a amount fixed as 300 Rs.

and for male Rs. 500

Literacy rate of Ghandruk is overall 61% now in comparison to older days. The

older days literacy rate is 32.7%.

For small children, there is a children hospitality management as like Montessori,

near Buddha hotel , ward no.:06, Arbey

Meshram barha secondary school was established in 2006 BS.

n. Respondent’s Name: Pradip Sunar

Religion: Hindu; Male: 2; Female: 2; Age: 49

Source of Income: Daily basis Rs.500, agriculture, farming

Agriculture Production: Cashcrops, maize, millet, potatoes

Literate: Two children studying at Meshram baraha secondary school,

Social activities: Mul Aama samuha is active for preservation of culture in

Ghandruk village. Social discrimination still present in this village.

o. Respondent’s Name: Sita Pariyar


Religion: Hindu, also worship meshram baraha

Source of Income: Agriculture, Rs.300 daily basis labor in farming, small scale

poultry farming

Agricultural production: Potatoes, green vegetables, maize

Ghandruk village is known as Koraan’maa, which means dandamaa

Literate: 100%, 2 study in Meshram baraha secondary school

Society: Inclusive society, but discrimination here for us from Gurung community

p. Respondent’s Name: Raju Sunar


Religion: Hindu

Proffesion: Agriculture, farming, daily basis labor

Agricultural production: Maize, millet, organic farming, green vegetables

Source of Income: Farming, small scale poultry, Adhiya etc

Social status: Inclusive society from Maoist period

Literate: 3 children studying in meshram baraha school

Accessibility: Bus facilities from Pokhara to Dhaamle, and transportation should

be in Ghandruk village.

q. Respondent’s Name: Bijay Sunar

Age: 47; Male: 3; Female: 2; Religion: Hindu

Proffesion: Agriculture, farming,

Agriculture production: Potatoes, green vegetables, maize, rice

Source of Income: Money sent from son from Qatar, farming

Literate: Son staying at Qatar studied BA, his mother class 9 passed, his daughter

in law passed class 11

Accesibility: Bus facilities should reach Ghandruk

Society of Ghandruk: Exclusive society

r. Respondent’s Name: Hira Bika


Religion: Hindu

Literate: 1 child studying at meshram baraha school

Proffesion: Agriculture, farming, Adhiya

Source of Income: Adhiya, farming, daily basis Rs.500

Accessibility: Bus should reach in Ghandruk

Society of Ghandruk: Exclusive society

s. Respondent’s Name: Prem Bika

Age: 54; Male: 2; Female: 2; Religion: Hindu

Proffesion: Farming, Adhiya, Rs.500 daily basis

Source of Income: Adhiya, selling green vegetables

Accesibility: Transportation from Pokhara to Dhaamle

Literate: 100%

Society of Ghandruk: Discriminated society

Mul aama samuha, is not active for lower people, gurungs dominated society.

t. Respondent’s Name: Ram bahadur Gurung

Age: 70; Male: 2; Female: 2; Religion: Buddhism

Proffesion: Farming, agriculture, Retired army

Source of Income: Pension, agriculture

Accesibility: Mules and bus transportation has changed the image of village

Literate: class 8 passed

Society of Ghandruk: Inclusive society, Aama samuha active for the preservation

of culture and traditions, damai baja, and environment of Ghandruk village.

u. Respondent’s Name: Madan bahadur Gurung

Age: 80; Male: 1; Female: 1; Religion: Hindu, worship meshram baraha

Proffesion: Retired army

Source of Income: Pension, agriculture, land given as Adhiya

Agricultural production: Maize, millet, potatoes, green vegetables, organic

farming

Accesibility: Mules and bus transportation

Society of Ghandruk: Inclusive society

ACAP helped local people for wooden material by ticket system in Ghandruk

whole ward 1 to 9, for household purpose.

v. Respondent’s Name: Lila Gurung

Age: 43; Male: 2; Female:2; Religion: Hindu

Source of Income: Pension, organic farming

Agricultural Production: Maize, millet, organic farming, green vegetables,

potatoes; Society: Inclusive society now a days when after maoist attack this

village. Accesibilty: Mules and bus, jeep facilities from Pokhara to Dhaamle, and

mules from Dhaamle to Ghandruk

Health post and police post are doing their duty positively and arranged properly,

ACAP also working fair in this village.

Literate: son studying in Pokhara in class 12, daughter studying in class BA 1st

year in Pokhara

w. Respondent’s Name: Devi maya Gurung

Age: 68; Male: 2; Female: 3; Religion: Hindu; Ward:04,

Source of Income: Pension, agriculture and son will help them

Monthly expenses: Rs. 10,000

Agricultural production: Maize, millet and green vegetables

Accesibility: Mules and other transportation ike bus, car and jeep from Pokhara to

Dhaamle. Transportation facilities needed in Ghandruk village for we people

Literate: Son studied BA, daughter in law studied 12, grand daughter studying in

class nursery at Pokhara and husband class 4.

x. Respondent’s Name: Kisam Gurung

Age: 48; Male: 3; Female:4; Religion: Hindu

Literate in family: 5 children studying in Pokhara, Wife studied upto Bachelor

degree, himself studied to Bachelor degree with trainings. First he was teacher,

after that he had joined in hotel line due to tourism importance in Ghandruk

village.

Source of income: Gurung Cottage, agriculture and small scale poultry farming,

tourist guide, and tourism.

Monthly expenses: Rs.25,000

Agriculture production in this area: Rice, maize, millet, potatoes, organic farming-

Tea, and other green vegetables

In my opinion, Ghandruk village is a tourism village and a source of income from

tourist to preserve our cultural heritage and our society. Inclusive society.

Preservation of culture, traditions and specially the Damais ‘Nau Baja’ is

protected here and our Gurung’s culture too.

Accesibility: Planning of road provision within 5 years in Ghandruk village,

community participation in Ghandruk is 100%, no discrimination is here. At

earlier years there was a discrimination between rich and poor, but today equal

access for everyone in this village and we people are working together to preserve

Ghandruk status and environment. Mul aama samuha is the powerful body acting

here for the preservation and protection of area, culture, traditions, environment

and overall development of this village.The two season will help us to survive and

take care of our familes with good financial incomes here in Ghandruk.

y. Respondent’s Name: Hari maya Gurung

Age: 49; Religion: Meshram baraha; Hinduism and Buddhism

Proffesion: Tourism business, agriculture, farming

Source of Income: Aashis aama homestay and culture & traditional jewellary,

Pension of husband, small scale poultry farming and agriculture.

Agriculture production in village: Rice, maize, millet, potatoes, green leafy

vegetables, organic farming

Monthly expenses: 60% of the Income

Literacy rate: Sons are educated, one studying bachelor in Australia , next one

studying in Kathmandu at class 12.

Ghandruk village is the inclusive society with its great importance of traditional

settlements.

z. Respondent’s Name: Man prasad Gurung

Proffesion: Secretary of Conservation Management Committee, farmer

Source of Income: Pension, agriculture and homestay

Monthly expenses: 60% of the Income

Ghandruk village is the Inclusive society. There should be the provision of roads

to Ghandruk village and bus and other means of transportation should arrive in

this village for the development and attract national tourist for our community to

be developed by infrastructure provisions with financial develoment in these

societies.

19. Ghandruk village from the Urban design point of view

Growing prosperity and wealth and increasing demands for an improved quality

of life are reflected in the increasing consumption of land and space, demand

for privacy and better living conditions and access to green space. Demographic

trends, including an ageing population and the growth of smaller and single

person households, are adding to the demands for new housing and to the

pressures for suburbanization in rural areas (as well as for improvements to the

quality of the environment and everyday life in inner city areas). Valuable

agricultural land, amenity space and natural reserves of biodiversity are being

lost. At the same, increasing land values and property prices in cities make

housing in locations that are accessible to livelihood opportunities and services

increasingly unaffordable for many sections of the population. The relationship

between the housing market and public land and housing policies and urban

design is critical. Urban design can provide the framework for achieving a good

quality of life when the attempt to meet these challenges may require higher

densities and better mixes of development.

Ghandruk village creates beautiful, distinctive, secure, healthy and high quality

places for people to live and work in that foster a strong sense of community

pride, social equity, cohesion, integration and identity at the local and wide

scale. Supports a vibrant, balanced, inclusive and equitable economy and

promotes effective urban regeneration.

Applying the guidelines to agricultural subsidies to promote positive urban-

rural relations.

Ghandruk village structure is properly managed in the sense of rural planning

which gives a direct image of design of green structures and rural landscape

designing green structures to be sustainable in meeting both ecological and

amenity needs; securing land for agricultural production and urban farming as

an integrated part of the green structure on a long term basis.

Figure: Stone paved road Figure: Village settlement

Figure: Traditional house Figure: Crop harvesting

Figure: Concrete building Figure: Stone tap (Dhungedhara)

Figure: Landscape Figure: Gurung house

Figure: Room arrangement Figure: Culture and tradition dress & jewellary

20. Ghandruk village from the Tourism point of view

Endowed as it is with immense natural beauty, this village is well-known both inside and

outside the country as a tourist destination. Ghandruk is well known as a model village

even in south Asia. The specific features of the Ghandruk village is the Annapurna

Circuit Trek. Annapurna Circuit Trek is a classic trek around the world's tenth highest

mountain, cross the classic Throng La Pass (5,416m/17,769ft) from Manang to

Muktinath, take in fabulous mountain views from the summit of Poon Hill at 3,210m.

/10,531ft. This is truly an extraordinary path of Nepal.

It is near impossible to give an account of the allures of Ghandruk that lies on the

Annapurna trekking trail, considered one of the world’s ten best. Its natural beauty is

such that it brings peace and delight to everyone. The Annapurna Himalayan range apart,

Ghandruk affords scenery of the greenary of Lumle’s Landruk, Bichuk and Tolka. To

Ghandruk’s east lies Lumle, to the west Myagdi, to the north Annapurna mountains and

to the south Dangsing VDC. It borders the Modi Khola to the east, Deurali, Rani Daanda

and Dangsing to the west, Annapurna Himalayan range to the north and Modi confluence

and Saandhi Khola to the south. From the tourism angle, Ghandruk village is inhabited by

the old settlement, and it links to the Annapurna circuit trek which gives a clear meaning

of the traditional and cultural important featurs of the model village which is known

around the world by its speciality and its structures.

21. Ghandruk Borders

The Modi Khola River borders Ghandruk VDC to the east, Deurali, Rani Danda Shikh

and Dangsing to the west, Annapurna Himalayan range to the north and Modi confluence

and Sandhi Khola to the south. Ghandruk has an area of 2,141,297.7 million hectares, or

109,810 ropanies, 13 annas and 1 paisa. The following table shows the land use and

topography of Ghandruk:

S.No. Topography Area (ropanies) Percent

1 Forest cover 25,038 22.50

2 Area under snow cover 20,000 18.50

3 Agricultural Land 30,000 27.50

4 Total area under agriculture 24,372-13-1-0 22.0

5 Irrigated land 1,000 .80

6 Barren, uncultivated and grazing land 3,000 2.60

7 Rocks, cliffs and naked areas 6,000 5.60

8 Residential area 4,000 0.30

Total Land Area 109810-13-1-0 100

22. Ethnic composition of Ghandruk’s inhabitants

23. Households and population by Village development committee’s

VDCs

Households

Population

Total Male Female

Ghandruk

1,102

4265

2,054

2,211

24. Households by ownership of house/housing unit in use

VDCs

Households

Ownership of house/housing unit

Owned Rented Institutional Others

Ghandruk

1,102 874

131 0

97

S.No. Ethnic group Percent

1 Gurung 61.95

2 Magar 05.71

3 Brahmin 04.68

4 Sarkis 5.70

5 Kamis 5.70

6 Damais 04.71

7 Chhetris 04.09

8 Others 00.36

Total 100

25. Households by foundation of house/housing unit.

VDCs

Households

Type of foundation of house

Mud

bonded

bricks/stone

Cement

bonded

bricks/stone

RCC

with

pillar

Wooden

pillar

Others Not

Stated

Ghandruk

1,102

1,030

35

2

31

0

4

26. Number of School in Ghandruk VDCs

Meshram Baraha secondary school, Ghandruk-5, Kotmaidan, established in 2006

BS

Sarswoti primary school, Ghandruk-7, Uri, established in 2032 BS

Phumukhra Prastibit Ni. Maa. Vi, Ghandruk-1, Kliu, established in 2019 BS

Kurlung Baraha primary school, Ghandruk-1, Tikhyaan, established in 2047 BS

Jansewa primary school, Ghandruk-2, Phulibaang, established in 2046 BS

27. Number of Hotels in Ghandruk VDCs

Hotel Sherpa

Hotel Laligurans

Bishal Camping

Shakti Guest House

Namaste Hotel

Buddha Hotel

Satkar Guest House

Hotel Sakura

Manisha Hotel and Restaurant

Mountain View Lodge

Gurung Museum and Pool House

Hotel Everest

Milan Hotel

Hotel Trekkers Inn

Peaceful Lodge

Sunrise Camping

Gurung Cottage

Breeze Guest House

Annapurna Guest hHouse

Ghandruk Guest House

Hill Top lodge

Himalayan hotel

Snow land lodge

Shangri- La Guest House

Excellent View Lodge

Eco Camping

Aama Carpet

Open Guest House

Dipika Lodge

Ashish Aama Hotel and Tradition Jewellary

Muna Hotel

Hotel Mountain view and Restaurant

Panoroma Hotel & Restaurant

BIBLIOGRAPHY

o Kaski VDCs level report-2014

o www.wikipedia.org/Nepal

o www.google.com/Nepal/acap//doc

o Census-2013, Government of Nepal

o Annapurna Conservation Area or Protected Area documents

o Krishna Gauchan, Hotel Sunrise and Thakali Restaurant, Birenthanti-05, Kaski

o Man Prasad Gurung, Secretary-Conservation Management Committee (CMC),

Ghandruk VDCs

o Hari Maya Gurung, President of Loan and saving group under Mul Aama

Samuha; Aashis Aama Hotel, Ghandruk VDCs

o Kisam Gurung, President of Hotel Management Committee, Ghandruk VDCs

o Til Bahadur Gurung, President of CMC, owner of Peaceful hotel and Lodge

o Purna Prasad Gurung, President of Youth and Rodi club Management

Committee

o Dhruba Gurung, President of Electricity Management Committee

o Shyam Gurung, staff member of ACAP office , Ghandruk VDCs

o Maina Kumari Gurung, Mules Management Committee member, wife of

Sukbir Gurung, the President of Mules Management Committee, Ghandruk VDCs

o Shankar Bahadur Gurung, owner of Milan Hotel, Ghandruk VDCs

o Local people of Ghandruk VDCs

o Pokhara, Kaski VDCs/Municipality Profile report-2013

o Google earth for elevation, exact point, variation of altitude study

o Learning from Community Participation in Conservation Area Management:

Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya*, Gehendra Bahadur Gurung** and Khadga

Basnet*

o Gurung costumes and traditional jewellary level report, cultures report.

http://www.wikipedia.org/Nepal

http://www.google.com/Nepal/acap/doc

BUILDING ARCHITECTURE

Figure: Site Plan

For local terminology and others data, please refer original document.

AND

THANK YOU FOR YOUR READING

This is the original document published by Amit Pokhrel, student of Postgraduate of Urban

design and conservation, IIIrd semester student, Khwopa Engineering College, Bhaktapur.

The document clarifies about the data taken from 13th Baisakh 2071 to 17th Baisakh 2071 BS

(26th April 2014 to 30th April 2014) in Ghandruk village, where the household survey was

carried out for the real data and many interview were conducted to know the actual information

about Ghandruk village development committees and other committees. For data collection,

team work was there for one day, and after that, the household survey and interview was carried

out individually. For the actual information many site were taken into account like “village

development level report profile”, 2014 and other site address presented clear into Bibliography

above.

Statuary Publication This document is the sole publication of the Author. Any misuse and the mis-interpretation of this

document by anyone, author does not take the responsibility for the same.

Amit Pokhrel

Regd.No: 035-3-3-03881-2012

M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation



Batch: 2012-2014

Ghandruk village profile, a study of culture resource management

Design

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