Getting To Know Computers

COMPUTER BASICS

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or “data.” It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

HARDWARE

•Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer monitor or keyboard.

SOFTWARE

• Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some examples include web browsers, games, and word processors.

DESKTOP COMPUTER

LAPTOP

TABLETS

SERVERS

• A server is a computer that “serves up” information to other computers on a network.

• Servers also play an important role in making the internet work: They are where webpages are stored. When you use your browser to click a link, a web server delivers the page you requested.

SERVERS

The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case, monitor, keyboard, mouse,

and power cord. Each part plays an important role whenever you use a computer.

BASIC PARTS OF THE DESKTOP COMPUTER

COMPUTER CASE

• The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer. It houses the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), the power supply, and more.

MONITOR

• The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays.

POWER CORD, MOUSE, KEYBOARD

INSIDE A COMPUTER

CPU

• Central Processing Unit

• The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer case on the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to carry out commands. Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you're sending instructions to the CPU.

MOTHERBOARD

• The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU,memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, as well as connections to your computer's ports (such as the USB ports). Themotherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.

RAM

• Random Access Memory• RAMis your system's short-term memory.Whenever your

computer performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.

• This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off. If you're working on a document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it.When you save a file, the data is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.

• RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB).

HARD DRIVE

• The hard drive is the data center of the computer. This is where the software is installed, and it's also where your documents and other files are stored. The hard drive is long-termstorage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.

• When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of the data from the hard drive onto the RAM so that it can access the data more easily.When you save a file, the data is copied back to the hard drive. The faster the hard drive is, the faster your computer can start up and load programs.

• Most hard drives are hard disk drives, which store data on a magnetic platter. Some computers now use solid-state drives (also called flash hard drives). These are faster andmore durable than hard disk drives, but they are alsomore expensive.

OPERATING SYSTEMS

OS

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer’s memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s “language.” Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

• iOS

• Mac OSX

• Windows

• Windows Phone

• Android

• Linux

BOOTING

Booting is the process that occurs when you press the power button to turn your computer on. During this process the computer does several things:

• It runs tests to make sure everyting is working correctly

• It checks for new hardware

• It then starts up the operating system

UNDERSTANDING APPLICATIONS

WHAT IS AN APPLICATION?

• An app is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop applications, and those for mobile devices are called mobile apps. When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Much of the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, and this is known as multitasking.

TYPES OF APPS

• Productivity

• Entertainment

• Internet

• Word Processors: Microsoft Word

• Personal Finance: Quicken

• Web Browsers: Chrome, internet explorer, Firefox

WEB APPS AND THE CLOUD

THE CLOUD

• The cloud is the internet - more specifically, it’s all of the things that you can access remotely over the internet. When something is in the cloud, that means it is stored on servers on the internet, instead of on your computer.

WHY USE THE CLOUD?- With a partner discuss the importance of using

the cloud.

WEB APPS

• Web Apps run in the cloud and do not need to be installed on your computer. These are sometimes called cloud apps. • Online email• Google Docs• Facebook