Getting to California Great Migration – move of African-Americans from the rural South to the...

• Great Migration – move of African-Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North with available jobs during World War I and continued through the 1920s and 30s

• Harlem Renaissance – racial pride, artistic development, political organization and sense of community among blacks

• jazz – improvised style of music that combined Dixieland and ragtime that became a central part of the Harlem music scene

• blues – soulful style of music with roots in St. Louis and Chicago that was based on gospel spiritual songs.

• Negro Nationalism - glorified black culture and traditions of the past led by Marcus Garvey.

• “Back to Africa” – a response by some blacks in America to move to Africa (Liberia) and establish a nation in which they were in the majority.

Ch 15 Sec 3: African-American Culture

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Chapter ObjectivesSection 3: African American Culture

• Describe the Harlem Renaissance and the rediscovery of African American cultural roots.

• Explain the increase in African American political activism.


Guide to Reading

During World War I, the prospect of employment and greater freedoms spurred the “Great Migration” of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities in the North.

• Great Migration

Main Idea

Key Terms and Names

• Harlem Renaissance

• Claude McKay • Langston Hughes

• jazz • Cotton Club • blues • Marcus Garvey

Guide to Reading (cont.)

Section Theme

Groups and Institutions African Americans played stronger political and cultural roles in the 1920s than they had in previous decades.

The Harlem Renaissance• The Great Migration occurred when hundreds of

thousands of African Americans from the rural South headed to industrial cities in the North with the hope of a better life.

(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

• In large northern cities, particularly New York City’s neighborhood of Harlem, African Americans created environments that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, a sense of community, and political organization, which led to a massive creative outpouring of African American arts.

The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)


(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)


• This became known as the Harlem Renaissance.


(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

• Writer Claude McKay became the first important writer of the Harlem Renaissance.

• His work expressed defiance and contempt of racism, which were very strong writing characteristics of this time.



(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

• Langston Hughes became the leading voice of the African American experience in the United States.



(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

• Louis Armstrong introduced jazz, a style of music influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime.

• He became the first great cornet and trumpet soloist in jazz music.



(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

• A famous Harlem nightspot, the Cotton Club, was where some famous African American musicians, such as Duke Ellington, got their start.



(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

• Bessie Smith sang about unrequited love, poverty, and oppression, which were classic themes in blues style music.

• This soulful style of music evolved from African American spirituals.



(pages 498–500)(pages 498–500)

African American Politics


• After World War I, many African Americans wanted a new role in life and in politics.

• The Great Migration led to African Americans becoming powerful voting blocs, which influenced election outcomes in the North.

(pages 501–502)(pages 501–502)

African American Politics


• Oscar DePriest was elected as the first African American representative in Congress from a Northern state after African Americans voted as a block.

(pages 501–502)(pages 501–502)

• The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) battled against segregation

and discrimination.• The NAACP’s efforts led to the passage of anti-lynching legislation in the House of Representatives, but the Senate defeated the bill.

African American Politics (cont.)


(pages 501–502)(pages 501–502)

• Jamaican black leader Marcus Garvey’s idea of “Negro Nationalism” glorified black culture and traditions.

• He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which promoted black pride and unity.

• Garvey encouraged education as the way for African Americans to gain economic and political power; but he also voiced the need for separation and independence from whites.



(pages 501–502)(pages 501–502)

• Garvey’s plan to create a settlement in Liberia in Africa for African Americans caused middle class African Americans to distance themselves from Garvey.



(pages 501–502)(pages 501–502)

• Garvey was convicted of mail fraud in 1923 and deported back to Jamaica later that decade. Attempts to revitalize his movement failed.

• His ideas, however, led to a sense of pride and hope in African Americans that resurfaced during the civil rights movement in the 1960s.



(pages 501–502)(pages 501–502)

All That Jazz The origin of the term jazz is one notable dispute in American English. It may have come from the word Chaz, the nickname of an early ragtime drummer named Charles Washington, or from chasse, a kind of dance step. African and Creole sources are also possibilities.

Getting to California Great Migration – move of African-Americans from the rural South to the...

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