Getting the full picture !Using different sources to get

information

Asstt. Librarian

SKUAST of Jammu

USING THE INTERNET

The usage of the Internet requires :

1. Preparing a set of keywords

2. Choosing a search tool

3. Evaluating sites and information

1. Preparing a set of keywords

• Analyse your topic to find keywords

– The major difference between a search in a catalogue and a search on the Internet is that Internet requests are made with natural language keywords

2. Choosing a search tool

On the Internet, there are different tools to find information :

• General tools, that allow a broad search, such as Search engines (e.g. Google, Yahoo)

• Specialised tools, that allow a narrower search:– Specialised search engines (e.g. Google

Scholar)– Subject gateways

Search Engine

• Characteristics of a search engine:– You make requests by typing words and/or

keywords for precise searches– The engine returns answers when you make

the request : dynamic search and dynamic answers

Function of search engine

• How does a search engine function ?– A web crawler visits the world wide web

at regular times

– It captures all the sites it finds

– The pages of these sites are indexed (more than 20 billion pages for Google)

How does a search engine gather and present return results?

A few questions

• The example of GOOGLE : Is the capture of a site linked to the payment of a fee ? No

• Are sponsored links differentiated from other links ? Yes

• In what order do results appear on the screen ? They appear by order of popularity …

• Is the position of a link among return results linked to the payment of a fee ? No, but there can be commercial links between search engines and companies. Results can be biased.

Google : Basic Search

Google functionalities : Basic Search

• Type a keyword or several keywords using the Boolean Strategy

• Remember that Google does not take into account capital/small letters, singular/plural, accents

• To enter an expression put it in quotes e.g. « expression »

Google : Advanced Search

Limiters

Google functionalities : Advanced Search and functions

• Advanced search :

– Keywords to type in fields

– Limiters : language, file formats (pdf, html …), domains (.org, .edu,com …)

• Specific functions :

– Similar pages

– Cached pages

More options to display the results of your search :

- Narrowing search to sites indexed at a particular time or a particular range of dates

- Showing fewer or more commercial links- Choosing your sources : forums, blogs, videos,

reviews- Displaying related searches in different modes (by

year, as a diagram …)- Something different: suggestions of expressions or

words related to the words you typed

.

3. Evaluating sites and information

Criteria to apply to references returned by search engines : are they relevant ?

1. Authority / Reliability• Are the editor and contributors of the site qualified ?• First checks can be made by watching the URL and

the domain :– Is there the name of an institution (ministry, University,

reasearch organisation …), of a research center, of any producer of official information within ? In this case, the information is reliable

• The domain gives indications about the origin of the site :.com, .edu, .org, .ac.in …

• Always look for the names and qualifications of the contributors

2. Currency

• Is the information dated ? Is it updated ?

• Find when the page which contains the information has last been updated

3. Relevance to your topic

• Does it give you the information you are looking for ?

Different types of sources on the Internet (1)

Source of information How reliable is it ?Commercial databases YES. Academic data, but NO

free access TRIAL.

Accessible in your university library (SKUAST of Jammu).

Institutional sites YES. Official sites (ministries, research centers …) containing authorized information.

Free access.

Different types of sources on the Internet (2)

Source of information How reliable is it ?

Companies sites POSSIBLY. Annual reports and often a sustainable development section can be found

Newspapers sites POSSIBLY. To get current information Don’t prefer obsolete information.

Personal sites, weblogs, social networking sites.

CAUTION ! Expression is free on these sites. So ALWAYS check information before using it. Sometimes gives useful links.

A few sites to find information about sustainable development …

• Academic studies, journal articles on the Internet– An academic search engine: Google Scholar– Open Archive databases: Economists Online

(totally open), REPEC (partially open)

• Institutional sites– Official site : Ministry of Agriculture,

Environment, Forestry, NDRI,ICAR.– Academic site : Agora21

• Company sitesAgroTech …

Google Scholar

• A specialised search engine, which searches only in academic documents : articles, thesis, preprints, books, technical reports …

• A useful tool to find BIbliographical references and articles

• References are ranked according to a combination of the number of citations, the publication, the author, the full text

• CAUTION : Access to the full text of the document may or may not be free, and sometimes does not exist [citation].

Google Scholar : Basic Search

Google Scholar : Advanced Search

keywords

Google Scholar : an example

Articles

Economists Online

• Economists Online presents the academic publications of the researchers of 22 higher education mainly European institutions

• Contains around 900 000 references, among them numerous full text documents

• Presents publication lists for the most eminent researchers of the participating institutions

• Multilingual search (keywords translated into 4 languages: French, English, German, Spanish)

RePEc (Research Papers in Economics)

• RePEc is a major bibliographical database of 955 000 working papers, journal articles dealing with economics, providing links to the full text of 825 000 of them

• CAUTION : Access to the full text is not always free

• It provides also a directory of research centres in economics including Agricultural Economics

RePEc : example of a reference (1)

Downloading allowed

RePEc : example of a reference (2)

NEP Reports are lists of papers rankedby subject (see the list of available reports), linked to an e-mail alert service

Citations

RePEc : Link to a citation

Here, downloading is linked to a subscription

Company sites

Companies often dedicate a section of their site to sustainable development matters

e.g.

PSA : http://www.developpement-durable.psa.fr/fr/homepage.php

Danone : http://www.danone.com/fr/developpement-durable.html

Using quotation marks

• When a phrase is enclosed by double quotation marks, the exact phrase is searched

• « sustainable development »

• sustainable development

GreenFILE

• 295 000 records, 4 600 full text records• A freely accessible research database focusing

on the relationship between human beings, agriculture and the environment

• Scholarly and general interest titles, as well as government documents and reports

• Multidisciplinary (agriculture including Veterinary science, education, and technology)

• http://www.greeninfoonline.com/

World Bank E Library

• More than 5 000 e-books, journal articles and working papers– World Bank publications – Policy Research Working Papers

Search by topic : Education, Energy, Environment, Law and development, Poverty reduction, etc.

World Bank Databases

http://data.worldbank.org/By CountryBy TopicIndicators

See : DATABANK

If you are working on OECD countries

SourceOECD : OECD iLibrary • Publications and datasets released by OECD (Organisation for

Economic Cooperation and Development), International Energy Agency (IEA), Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), OECD Development Centre, PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), and International Transport Forum (ITF) since 1998 - currently (October 2010)

• 1 000 journal issues, 2 900 working papers, 2 500 multi-lingual summaries, 6 200 e-book titles, 14 000 tables and graphs, 21 000 chapters and articles, and 390 complete databases with more than 4 billion data points.

OECD iLibrary

• Different content types : BOOKS by theme, annuals & outlooks, series

PAPERS : journals by title, working papers

STATISTICS : databases, key tables, statistical publications, sources & methods publications

FACTBOOKS

GLOSSARIES : OECD reference and glossary publications

• Search by title, abstracts, authors, ISBNs, tables of contents or countries

• Browse function from a drop-down menu : 17 theme collections, access by country for all the relevant content

IT Plan of SKUAST-J for Agriculture

• To strengthen IT in Agriculture and creation of Databases & Information Network for Agriculture Sector :-

• The plan was divided into two schemes by SKUAST

FVSc & AH

SKUASTNET

Attached , Subordinate, Autonomous, Field Offices

State, District & Block Agricultural Research Stations

Mail Server

Internet Server

Database Server

Data Ware housing

GIS Server

W

orkgrou

ps

“Agriculture On-line”

APD J & K Govt.

SKUAST-J

Central Library

FOA

Admn. Division

Finance Div.

Directorates

Information Flow from Faculties in SKUAST (SKUASTNET)

Proposed Central Databases of SKUAST

Census Mach.Marketing

Coop.

Credit

Crops Exten.Fert

HortNDM

Plan-Co

PPQ

PP

RFS

SWCTMOP

IC&Trade

APD JK Govt.

Faculty databases

BoS, AC, BoM, UC

(Decision Makers)

AGRISNET ARISNET

SKUASTNET

SKUAST-K Portals

AgRIS

Census Mach.Marketing

Coop.

Credit

Crops Exten.Fert

HortDM

PPQ

PP

RFS

IRSTMOP

States / Uts / Districts

ICAR Institutes

Resource Information

Attached/subordinate offices

FARMER

Ministry of Agriculture

Using other people’s work

• Whatever information you use in your work, you MUST :– Mention the source you take it from– Put in quotation marks the sentences you use

as such in your work. This citation must be «brief ».

• Plagiarism can induce penal sanctions,Copyright violations

Indian legislation

CONCLUSION

All the documentary sources are complementary