Getting Started with Robotics
Transcript of Getting Started with Robotics
A Crash Course in LEGO NXT Robotics - Getting Started
Why Study Robotics?
Robotics is an excellent way to introduce the students to integrated STEM areas (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)
Students participating in robotics learn about STEM careers and experience the same activities as professionals solving real-world problems
Everyone – girls and boys alike – should get a chance to see how much fun it is learning engineering skills this way!
The Least You Need One computer (ideally, a school computer
lab with LEGO MINDSTORMS Education Software installed)
One robotics kit, LEGO MINDSTORMS Education Base Set, per 2-10 youth - I recommend you start with a small group (e.g., 4 students) – 1 kit per 2 students is perfect – you might also want several Education Resource sets (spare parts)
LEGO MINDSTORMS Education Software to program the robot
The Least You Need (cont’d)
One Mindstorms NXT Base Set and one computer (ideally, a school computer lab with NXT ROBOLAB installed and one base set per two students). The kit comes with software and Robolab is an added cost that is not necessary but it does simplify the program and make it easier for younger students to use.
The Least You Need (cont’d)
Instructional materials –
Robotics kits can be shared in your school, Central Queensland University in Bundaberg even offers Student Teachers to teach the Robotics Program initially and provides kits and laptops (it is hoped the school will see the benefits and budget for their own kits) – they can be used all day for different school and afterschool activities
After you’ve learned the basics, then what? There are lots of robotics competitions kids
can participate in some are local, some statewide, some are regional.
The tournaments tend to include multipart, real-world problems and research and occur over specific time periods - for instance, the Bundaberg Robotics challenge asks children to design their robots for specific climates or purposes and incorporates Literacy in their task criteria.
The Problem-solving Process What is the robot’s task? What behaviors are needed to accomplish it? Create the program – debug then download. Run the program. Is the NXT behaving badly (doesn’t do task)?
Check the robot first. If there’s a problem, can you fix it?
Next, check the program. Problem? Can you fix it?
Last, go back to the beginning and reread the task. Does your program really tell the robot what it’s supposed to do?
Challenge 1: Line ProgramCreate and test a program to make the
robot go forward in a straight line for exactly 1 second
Save your program as your first name and Line (e.g., FileSave as
Maria LineEnter)
Challenge 2: Square ProgramCreate and test a program to make the
robot go in a squareSave your program as your first name
and Square
Challenge 3: Light Dark ProgramCreate and test a program to make the
robot: Go forward until it finds a dark line Stop for 1 second Go forward until it finds light Stop for 1 second Reverse for 4 seconds Save your program as your first name
and Light Dark
Challenge 4: Tracker Program
Create a program to make the robot:Go forward until it finds a dark lineMove forward along the edge of the lineSave your program as your first name
and Tracker
Hints: You need a loop, and it’s easier if the robot starts at less than a 90 angle
Challenge 5 – Bump Program
Create a program to make the robot:Go forward until it finds a wallTurn moving backward for 2 secondsRepeat these behaviors for 5 “wall
bumps”Save your program as your first name
and Bump
Hint: You’ll need to use wait until Touch in for the first step.
Bonus Beep Challenge
Create a program to make the robot:Go forward until it finds a lineStop for 1 second and beepRepeat for 5 linesFor fun, end with a different soundSave your program as your first name
and Beep
ROBOLAB Video Trainer ROBOLAB Video Trainer CD has lots of video
sequences showing you how to program ROBOLAB and how the robot responds to the program
LEGO Mindstorms Education Base Set and ROBOLAB and ROBOLAB Video Trainer software are available from LEGO education (www.legoeducation.com under LEGO Mindstorms)
LEGO MINDSTORMS Education software has a built-in reference tool – Robot Educator, that walks you through simple challenges
Additional software can be found at the Robotics Academy (http://www-education.rec.ri.cmu.edu/ )
Robotics Web Sites NASA Robotics Alliance Project
http://robotics.nasa.gov/home.php NASA Robotics Curriculum Clearinghouse
http://robotics.nasa.gov/rcc/ Mars Exploration Rover Mission
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
Robotics Academy http://www-education.rec.ri.cmu.edu/ FIRST LEGO League
http://www.firstlegoleague.org Botball http://www.botball.org/ BEST Robotics http://www.bestinc.org/MVC/
Sample ROBOLAB Programs
Sample NXT Programs
Challenge 2 – Square with a sound
Challenge 1 – Forward for 1 second
Challenge 3 – Detecting Light/Dark
NXT Programming DetailsSelect a motor icon (you’ll see a blue border around it) to open its control panel - displayed at the bottom of the screen
Additional control panels for sensors and wait for
icons have similar displays
Due to the limited amount of memory available for the NXT, all currently installed sound files should be deleted
Sound files take up a lot of space and should be used selectively
Use the same sound file repeatedly in stored programs to cut down on memory usage
NXT Programming Details (cont’d)
Hands-on: Your Turn!Use LEGO MINDSTORMS Educator to
program the NXT robot to move in a square
Think about the robot’s required behaviors to move in a square
What motors have to do what for each behavior?
Which behaviors repeat? You can loop them!
ROBOLAB Basics (if you do decide to use it) Go to RCX settings in Administrator to unlock
programs 1 and 2. Single-click the silver Programmer button Double-click the Inventor 4 button. Maximize the lower Block Diagram window. Drag the Function bar to move the Functions
palette to the lower right of the window. If the Block Diagram window is accidentally
closed, open it by hitting Window -> Show Block Diagram.
Hit Tab key to switch from hand to cursor tool.
ROBOLAB Basics (cont’d) Hit spacebar to toggle between cursor and
wiring tool. Hit Esc to escape sticky wires. Click on a wire or icon and hit Del to remove it. Drag an icon within a cm of another, then with
the mouse still down, tap the spacebar to shoot a wire between the icons.
Ctrl + B removes broken or partially deleted wires.
Right-click an icon to replace it with another using a new popup Functions Palette.
ROBOLAB Basics (cont’d)
Always break a wire instead of placing a new icon on top of the wire; otherwise, the icon looks wired when it isn’t.
Click on Help-Show context help, then on the icon itself in the block diagram to learn more about a ROBOLAB icon, including seeing what modifiers each icon requires and where to attach them and to see the icon in a sample program.
If the white download arrow under Edit is broken, click on the broken arrow for information about where the program is miswired.