Getting in the Right Lane for 2050 - Choisir une...

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Getting in the Right Lane for 2050 From vision to strategy for energyrelated issues Prof. Dr. Maarten Hajer Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

Transcript of Getting in the Right Lane for 2050 - Choisir une...

Page 1: Getting in the Right Lane for 2050 - Choisir une langueec.europa.eu/environment/archives/greenweek2009/sources/... · 2014. 4. 22. · (James Throgmorton) 29. Getting in the Right

Getting in the Right Lane for 2050

From vision to strategy for energy‐related issues

Prof. Dr. Maarten HajerNetherlands Environmental 

Assessment Agency

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Getting in the Right Lane for 2050

2050: Europe is a low carbon society

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Vision

2050: Europe as a low carbon society

Low carbon: important trade offs and synergies with:  Energy security

Competition for land and water:  i.e. food, bio‐energy and biodiversity  

Transport and mobility

Approach:Zooming in from global to EU 

Long‐term visions (2050) to near‐term strategic choices EU

EU key tools and global leverage: making it work

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Climate change as risk: 

the rationale of the two‐degrees target4

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Stabilizing climate change

Decrease of emissions worldwide 50%, Annex‐1 does 80‐95%Vision for EU: 80% less GHG emitted within EU itselfStrong diversification improves security of supply

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System inertia6

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The contours of a low carbon society in fours: 

1. an energy system emitting 80 % less greenhouse gases

85% of EU energy from carbon neutral sources. 

Example modelling shows that this is attainable 

with technologies  identifiable today.

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The contours of a low carbon society in fours: 

2. primary energy use8

One

option: focus on

CCS + 20% renewables.  

Cost‐efficient

on

the basis of current

expectations. 

Prudent to

maintain

diversity.

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The contours of a low carbon EU in fours: 

3. energy use of buildings12

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The contours of a low carbon EU in fours: 

4. transport13

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Vision 2050: Low‐carbon

European

transport systems

Carbon dioxide emissions from transport in 2050 are 80% less than in 1990 This includes aviation and shipping European transport systems:reliable

efficient

robust to fluctuations in fuel prices

optimally support the EU economy

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A route towards low carbon EU transport15

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Land resources, food, biodiversity16

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Biodiversity: trend is continued

decline17

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Biodiversity: trend is continued decline

Least decline in tundra, boreal forest, deserts

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Land and water resources, vision

2050

World: food for allwith minimal loss of biodiversity and an end to the loss in 2050

EU alsonurture diversity in European agricultural practices, as a buffer against ‘shocks’ in a very crowded world

Therefore, 

bio‐energy

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Estimates

for

bio‐energy

potential

2050

100 EJ/year

by

2050 

Impacts will need to be monitored. 

Amount is on the low end of the range. 

Seems implementable

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Targeted allocation of bio‐energy needed in EU

Limited, uncertain potential... Adds claim on agricultural resources…… but important ingredient

Vision: used where largest benefit  modest amount

Requires long‐term vision & purposive EU‐directive

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European electricity grid to capture full potential of  renewables: 

example off‐shore wind23

VIGO (PT)

TALIN (EE)

GDANSK (P)

ABERDEEN (S)

Wind Electricity Costs

in 2020

North

Sea

Capacity

> 100 GW

Grid

connection

is key

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A low‐carbon EU energy system: how to get there?24

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Now is the moment to get in the right lane

Opportunities economic crisisNeed for long‐term vision and frameworkWhile the EU is still an influential power

Picture the EU in the 

world of 2050

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Key notions in this study

Low carbon society requires systemic changeBe aware of system inertia

Interim solutions (typicaly 2020‐2030) may easily create lock‐in

New technologies require massive acceleration by 2020‐2030 to reach visions

Flexibility by 2050 requires planning now e.g. long‐term allocation of biofuels

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Key notions in this study (2)

EU predominantly an economic power; regulation and product standards its key tools

EU regulation has global leverage 

Leverage shrinks towards 2050

Solving upcoming global disputes on land resources, food and biodiversity: analogy with climate policy development over the past 25 years may help to find format, build alliances, save time

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From long‐term vision for the planet …

… to near‐term action for EU

EU leadership climate agreements

cofinancing action by non‐Annex I countries; 

push in aviation and marine

Role for EU indispensableE.g. electricity grid

Demand side needs to be balanced, too

Technology ‘supply side’ is not enough

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Planning for

2050

Planning is persuasive storytelling

About

the future (James Throgmorton)

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Getting in the Right Lane for 2050 – a primer for a debate

Comments welcome!

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Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 

Visit

us at www.pbl.nl