Getting Creative with Grammar Teaching
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Transcript of Getting Creative with Grammar Teaching
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Getting creative with
grammar teaching
Jo Gakonga
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Why does teaching
grammar get a bad press?
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Illustrations from Jan, J.M. & Ollúa, R. (1950) El Inglés Práctico; Comercio, Exámenes y Viajes, Buenos Aires: Academias Pitman.
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Do we need to teach grammar
at all?
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http://iatefl.britishcouncil.org/2011/sites/iatefl/files/session/documents/walter_grammar_iatefl2011_handout.pdf
Catherine Walter
IATEFL Plenary 2011
Should we be planning to teach grammar?
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Krashen's Input Hypothesis (1977)
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"Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules”
Stephen Krashen
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"Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding."
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"The best methods are therefore those that supply 'comprehensible input' containing messages that students really want to hear.”
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"The best methods are therefore those that supply 'comprehensible input' containing messages that students really want to hear.”
i + 1
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Canadian project1965 onwards
French immersion schools
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“Practice" is replaced by "creative
construction”. Learners encouraged to experiment with linguistic forms.
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Errors are not seen as bad
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Canadian immersion studies (Swain 1985; Genesee 1987).
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The result?
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Immersion students often perform as
well as native French-speaking students
on tests of reading and listening
comprehension in French.
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However, they seldom achieve the same
high levels of competence in speaking
and writing as they achieve in comprehension.
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Three problems:
Grammar is less complex and less redundant
than that of native speakers.
Their grammar is influenced by English
grammar.
Their use of language is often non-idiomatic
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So, what…..
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Of significance for
ESOL learners
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Common ground
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Common ground
Significant amounts of exposure
A real need to communicate
(Paucity of opportunity to speak?)
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So, explicit teaching isnecessary….
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Do you agree?Why do you teach
grammar?
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Pretty much all course books based on it
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Learners’ expectations
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Seen as very traditional but…
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Different / less traditional approaches all include grammar
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Task Based Learning
Jane and Dave Willis
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Learners do task and rehearse their language to present to group
Learners present what they have practised
Teacher gives input on the ‘gap’.
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Dogme
Suggests emergent language but still doesn’t suggest no language teaching
Luke Meddings and Scott Thornberry
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Do we need to teach grammar?
YES!
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What I am NOT saying…..
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If we teach grammar, how
should we do it?
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What isn’t so helpful...
• Teacher: I found the book.
• Students: I found the book.
• Teacher: Pen.
• Students: I found the pen.
• Teacher: Bought.
• Students: I bought the pen.
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Example of a mindless gap fill..
Use the present perfect to complete these sentences:
1. I _______ ________ (see) the Eiffel Tower.
2. She ________ _________ (eat) snake.
3. They ________ __________ (swim) in the sea.
4. We ________ _________ (fill) in too many of these gap-fill
exercises………
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Creative Automaticity
Gatbonton, E. and Segalowitz, N. (1988) ‘Creative automatization: Principles for promoting fluency within a communicative framework’, TESOL Quarterly, 22, 3.
‘The techniques for this approach are designed to provide students with ample opportunities for repetition and practice within a wholly communicative context, without the shortcomings usually characteristic of pattern drills or other more traditional methods’
http://scottthornbury.wordpress.com/?s=A+is+for
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Activities that promote creative automaticity should be …
• genuinely communicative
• focused
• formulaic
• inherently repetitive
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Some common examples…
• A class photo…
• Find someone who…
• What’s my line?
• What kind of animal am I? (“Do you have four legs? Can you fly? Do you lay eggs?” etc).
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Creativity
Personalisation
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Jill Hadfield’s ‘Creativity in the language classroom’
Modern English Teacher
January 2012
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When I am old…When I’m an old woman, I will wear purple
And a red hat that doesn’t go and doesn’t suit me
And I will spend my pension on brandy and summer gloves and candles, and say we have no money for butter.
I will sit down on the pavement when I am tired
And gobble up samples in shops and press alarm bells
And run my stick along public railings
And make up for the sobriety of my youth.
I will go out in slippers in the rain
And pick the flowers in other people’s gardens
And learn to spit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr1RU4SM2L8
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I’ll definitely
I’ll probably
I might
I’ll
I definitely won’t
I probably won’t
I might not
I won’t
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When I am old, I won’t be quiet and I’ll bother my neighbours. I might have a toy-boy.
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When we are old we will definitely do many crazy and dangerous things,
We will wear full make up from morning and we will spend our money for a face lift.
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When I am old, I’ll be a honarable person.
I’ll definitely lede the people and I’ll be self-confident.
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• genuinely communicative
• focused
• formulaic
• inherently repetitive
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Creativity
Personalisation
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Present Perfect for experience
I’ve never been to India, I’ve never been to FranceI’ve never eaten frog’s legsAnd I’ve never learnt to dance.
I’ve always lived in BirminghamI’ve never been abroadI’ve always lived at homeI’m getting rather bored.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yv7-yCYnAg0
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Present Perfect for experience
I’ve never been to India, I’ve never been to FranceI’ve never eaten frog’s legsAnd I’ve never learnt to dance.
I’ve always lived in BirminghamI’ve never been abroadI’ve always lived at homeI’m getting rather bored.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbqXAwpAtLY
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Present Perfect for experience
I’ve never been to India, I’ve never been to FranceI’ve never eaten frog’s legsAnd I’ve never learnt to dance.
I’ve always lived in BirminghamI’ve never been abroadI’ve always lived at homeI’m getting rather bored.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbqXAwpAtLY
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Present Perfect for experience
Homework..
• Write your own….
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I've never been in Ireland.But I've been in love with Irish man.
He had a huge talant to gain women's favor, but he was so mean.
He inculcated in me a taste for art and love for adventure.
Our love story was bright and unforgettable, but it finished witha phrase "I'm sorry".
At parting he gave me a kiss with an fragrant of Irish legend.
I've never been in Italy.But I've been in love with Italian.
He's been very clever, he's known many languages, but he's been so nervous and so fault-finding person.Well, we let as part friends.
He gave me as a keepsake the 33 recipes for Italian pasta and one recipe for happiness.
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Alan Marsh’s article…
English Teaching Professional
March 2012
The Door to Spontaneity
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Simple past tense questions..
Dates game – Did you / Were you..
1952 1989
1999 2010
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Also makes a great card game…
1952 1989
1999 2010
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Simple present tense questions..
yes 7
Kenya Birmingham
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Present perfect questions..
For 2 years Since 2000
Since last night
For 15 years
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Creativity
Personalisation
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Thrill Drills
Milada Krejewska’s blog http://miladakrajewska.wordpress.com/
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A picture paints a thousand words….
few
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What is inside?
There is…There are…
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What’s happening inside?
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Someone is crying……
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Creativity
Personalisation
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It could be…
It might be..
It definitely isn’t…
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It looks like ….
..he has…
..he is -ing….
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It looks like ….
..it has… ..it is -ing….
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Sources of pictures….
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What’s the story?
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What are YOUR ideas for grammar practice?