Get books again today…

Get books again today…Get books again today…

Journal Entry #9Journal Entry #9In music, art, etc., do you enjoy a In music, art, etc., do you enjoy a simple, pure style like that of the simple, pure style like that of the Renaissance, or do you enjoy the Renaissance, or do you enjoy the over-the-top, dramatic style of the over-the-top, dramatic style of the Baroque? Why?Baroque? Why?

BAROQUE MUSIC (SHMRFT)BAROQUE MUSIC (SHMRFT)

SoundSoundUnity of MoodUnity of Mood

Usually expresses one basic mood Usually expresses one basic mood throughout (but not in vocal music)throughout (but not in vocal music)

Emotional states represented – joy, Emotional states represented – joy, grief, agitation, called grief, agitation, called affectionsaffections

Specific rhythm/melodic patterns Specific rhythm/melodic patterns became associated with specific moodsbecame associated with specific moods

(SHMRFT) cont…(SHMRFT) cont…

HarmonyHarmony Chords Chords increasingly importantincreasingly important Chords gave prominence to the Chords gave prominence to the bassbass, ,

which is the foundation of a chordwhich is the foundation of a chord Basso continuoBasso continuo – accompaniment made – accompaniment made

up of a bass part usually played by two up of a bass part usually played by two instrumentsinstruments a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument like a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument like

cello or bassooncello or bassoon

Harmony, cont…Harmony, cont…Basso continuo played in left hand, Basso continuo played in left hand,

while right hand creates chords while right hand creates chords based on numbers written in the based on numbers written in the music, called music, called figured bassfigured bass

Example: pg. 129Example: pg. 129


Filling in chords according to figured Filling in chords according to figured bass is called bass is called realizationrealization

Figured bass only specifies basic Figured bass only specifies basic chordschords

Performer has great freedomPerformer has great freedomAlso saved time for busy Baroque Also saved time for busy Baroque

composerscomposersAlso saved paper, which was very Also saved paper, which was very

expensiveexpensive


Figured bass is the shorthand system Figured bass is the shorthand system that leads to song lead sheets and that leads to song lead sheets and jazz improvisation of todayjazz improvisation of today


RhythmRhythmPatterns repeat throughout piecePatterns repeat throughout piece

Created Created forward momentumforward momentumForward motion rarely interruptedForward motion rarely interrupted

BeatBeat emphasized more than emphasized more than RenaissanceRenaissance


MelodyMelodyRepeated throughout pieceRepeated throughout piece, melodies , melodies

heard again and again throughoutheard again and again throughoutCharacter of the melody remains Character of the melody remains

constantconstantContinuous expanding, unfolding, and Continuous expanding, unfolding, and

unwinding of melodyunwinding of melodySequencesSequences used usedOrnamentationOrnamentation

Hard to sing and rememberHard to sing and remember

LISTENING FOR ORNMENTATIONLISTENING FOR ORNMENTATION

Sonata da chiesa, Op. 5, No. 1Sonata da chiesa, Op. 5, No. 1Arcangelo CorelliArcangelo CorelliAlso listen for harpsichordAlso listen for harpsichord

(SHMRFT) cont… (SHMRFT) cont…

DynamicsDynamics Volume level stays constant for long timeVolume level stays constant for long time Terraced dynamicsTerraced dynamics – sudden shifts in – sudden shifts in

dynamicsdynamics Organ, harpsichord, clavichord: narrow Organ, harpsichord, clavichord: narrow

dynamic changesdynamic changes Organ and harpsichord – incapable of gradual Organ and harpsichord – incapable of gradual

dynamic changesdynamic changes Clavichord – very small piano-like instrumentClavichord – very small piano-like instrument

Capable of gradual dynamic changes, but only Capable of gradual dynamic changes, but only within small range (within small range (ppp-mpppp-mp))

LISTENING FOR TERRACED LISTENING FOR TERRACED DYNAMICSDYNAMICS

Hallelujah ChorusHallelujah Chorus from from MessiahMessiahGeorge Frederic HandelGeorge Frederic HandelListen for trumpet and timpaniListen for trumpet and timpani


TextureTextureEarly Baroque: homophonicEarly Baroque: homophonicLate Baroque: usually polyphonicLate Baroque: usually polyphonicSoprano and BassSoprano and Bass: most important: most importantImitationImitationSome vocal pieces may switch Some vocal pieces may switch

texture for change of moodtexture for change of mood

SHMRFT, cont…SHMRFT, cont…

Texture, cont…Texture, cont… Music depicts specific meanings (word Music depicts specific meanings (word

painting) painting) ““heaven” – high, “hell” – low, “grief” – heaven” – high, “hell” – low, “grief” –

descending chromatic scaledescending chromatic scale Words emphasized by writing many rapid Words emphasized by writing many rapid

notes for a single syllable of text - notes for a single syllable of text - mellismasmellismas Technique also demonstrated singer’s Technique also demonstrated singer’s

virtuosityvirtuosity

LISTENING TO MELLISMASLISTENING TO MELLISMAS

Ev’ry Valley Shall Be ExaltedEv’ry Valley Shall Be Exalted from from MessiahMessiahGeorge Frederic HandelGeorge Frederic Handel

THE BAROQUE ORCHESTRATHE BAROQUE ORCHESTRA

10-40 players10-40 playersBased on instruments of violin familyBased on instruments of violin familyMain partsMain parts

Basso continuo – harpsichord & cello or Basso continuo – harpsichord & cello or bass & bassoonbass & bassoon

Upper strings – 1Upper strings – 1stst and 2 and 2ndnd violins & violins & violasviolas

Use of woodwind, brass, percussion Use of woodwind, brass, percussion variedvaried

Other instruments could be added – Other instruments could be added – recorder, flute, oboe, trumpet, horns, recorder, flute, oboe, trumpet, horns, trombone, timpanitrombone, timpani

Trumpet & timpani joined in for Trumpet & timpani joined in for festive musicfestive music

LISTENING FOR FESTIVE LISTENING FOR FESTIVE TRUMPETTRUMPET

Gloria Gloria from Gloria in D Majorfrom Gloria in D MajorAntonio VivaldiAntonio Vivaldi

Different than modern orchestra:Different than modern orchestra:4 groups of instruments4 groups of instruments

Trumpet was different, no valvesTrumpet was different, no valvesDifficult to play, associated with royaltyDifficult to play, associated with royaltyTrumpeters were the top of the Trumpeters were the top of the

orchestra ladderorchestra ladderTreated like military officersTreated like military officers

BAROQUE FORMSBAROQUE FORMS

movementmovement – a piece that sounds – a piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger compositionis part of a larger compositioneach movement:each movement:

has its own themeshas its own themescomes to a definite endcomes to a definite endis separated from the next movement by a is separated from the next movement by a

brief pausebrief pause

3-Part: ABA3-Part: ABA2-Part: AB2-Part: ABThrough-composedThrough-composedAlways contrast between bodies Always contrast between bodies

of soundof soundExamples: Examples:

alteration between small and large alteration between small and large groups of instrumentsgroups of instruments

Voices and instrumentsVoices and instruments

CHAPTER 2: MUSIC IN BAROQUE CHAPTER 2: MUSIC IN BAROQUE SOCIETYSOCIETY

Before 1800: music Before 1800: music written to orderwritten to order for forChurches, aristocratic courts, opera housesChurches, aristocratic courts, opera houses

All newAll new; no one wanted “old-fashioned”; no one wanted “old-fashioned”Music was main source of entertainmentMusic was main source of entertainment

One court might employ an orchestra, chapel One court might employ an orchestra, chapel choir, opera singerschoir, opera singers

Large court might have 80+ performers, Large court might have 80+ performers, including best opera singers of the dayincluding best opera singers of the day

Court Music DirectorsCourt Music DirectorsSupervised/composed performancesSupervised/composed performances

Operas, church music, dinner music, concertsOperas, church music, dinner music, concertsDiscipline of other musiciansDiscipline of other musiciansUpkeep of instruments and music libraryUpkeep of instruments and music libraryJob: good and badJob: good and bad

Pay and prestige very highPay and prestige very highAnything they wrote got performedAnything they wrote got performedMost were slaves to their employerMost were slaves to their employer

Church Church music very music very grandgrandMost churches had organ, choir, Most churches had organ, choir,

orchestra every serviceorchestra every serviceMost ordinary citizens heard music in Most ordinary citizens heard music in

churchchurchFine church music increased prestige Fine church music increased prestige

of each cityof each cityCities competed to attract best Cities competed to attract best

musiciansmusicians

Church Music DirectorsChurch Music DirectorsAlso had to produce steady flow of new Also had to produce steady flow of new

musicmusicTrained choristersTrained choristersUpkeep of instruments and libraryUpkeep of instruments and libraryEarned less, lower status than court Earned less, lower status than court

directorsdirectorsLow income was often supplemented by Low income was often supplemented by

firewood, grain, irregular fees for firewood, grain, irregular fees for weddings/funeralsweddings/funerals

Other MusiciansOther MusiciansSome town musicians also employedSome town musicians also employedSome earned money writing operas for Some earned money writing operas for

commercial opera housescommercial opera housesVenice: city of 125,000 people, 6 opera Venice: city of 125,000 people, 6 opera

houses between 1680-1700houses between 1680-1700Handel worked for a London opera house Handel worked for a London opera house

1719-1728. When it went bankrupt, Handel 1719-1728. When it went bankrupt, Handel started his own, working as composer, started his own, working as composer, conductor, manager. Handel: one of the first conductor, manager. Handel: one of the first great great freelancefreelance musicians. musicians.

How to become a musician in the How to become a musician in the BaroqueBaroqueOften passed from father to son (Bach, Often passed from father to son (Bach,

Vivialdi, Purcell, etc.)Vivialdi, Purcell, etc.)Apprenticeships for young boysApprenticeships for young boysStarting as choirboysStarting as choirboysOrphanagesOrphanages

Many orphans and poor children received the Many orphans and poor children received the best musical training in orphanage schoolsbest musical training in orphanage schools

Women not allowed to be music Women not allowed to be music directors or court instrumentalists, many directors or court instrumentalists, many succeeded in composingsucceeded in composing

To get a job, musicians had to pass To get a job, musicians had to pass difficult exams, auditions, and difficult exams, auditions, and composition submissionscomposition submissionsAlso nonmusical requirements:Also nonmusical requirements:

Donations to town treasuryDonations to town treasuryMarrying the daughter of retiring musician (Bach Marrying the daughter of retiring musician (Bach

and Handel turned down same job because they and Handel turned down same job because they didn’t want to marry the organists daughter)didn’t want to marry the organists daughter)

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

GalileoGalileo NewtonNewton BaroqueBaroque OrnamentationOrnamentation OperaOpera AffectionsAffections Basso continuoBasso continuo Figured BassFigured Bass RealizationRealization

Terraced DynamicsTerraced Dynamics SequencesSequences ClavichordClavichord OrchestraOrchestra Written-to-Order Written-to-Order

musicmusic Court Music DirectorCourt Music Director Church Music DirectorChurch Music Director ApprenticeshipApprenticeship OrphanageOrphanage

GROUP PRESENTATIONSGROUP PRESENTATIONS

Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton Baroque DanceBaroque Dance Famous Baroque OperasFamous Baroque OperasAlec CampAlec Camp Dominique FlyteDominique Flyte Chris PearsonChris PearsonAaron BrunnworthAaron Brunnworth Claire ChandlerClaire Chandler Nate NovakNate NovakTaimoor AzizTaimoor Aziz Emma BrownEmma Brown Ryan KaminskyRyan KaminskyNick CabanNick Caban Julian HarveyJulian Harvey Blake NoudBlake Noud

GalileoGalileo Baroque Royal CourtsBaroque Royal CourtsBilal AzizBilal Aziz Phil KosydorPhil KosydorJacob BurnsJacob Burns Kalyn MooreKalyn MooreKieryn BeyerlKieryn Beyerl Andrew DrakeAndrew DrakeAnna StamerAnna Stamer Sami GreytakSami Greytak

Get books again today…

Documents

Transcript of Get books again today…