Presentation Dr. Alejandro Diaz-Bautista Natural Gas Model Mexico
Gestion de Gas Natural en Mexico
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Transcript of Gestion de Gas Natural en Mexico
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GESTIÓN DE LA OFERTA Y DEMANDA DE GAS
NATURAL EN MÉXICO
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RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
8(%.# #* 799: / 79;7 *+ )#0+()+ )# 1+$ (+%2.+* #( 345&6, 2# *+
?.,)266&'( $,*,
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CONTEXTO
8(%.# 799: / 79;7 *+ )#0+()+ )# 1+$ (+%2.+* #( 345&6, 2# *+
?.,)266&'( $,*, 2# #* 1+$ (+%2.+* $#.R *+ -2#(%# )# #(#.1D+ ?+.+ ?.,)26&. []= )# *+ #*#6%.&6&)+) #( 797\E.#$?#6%, +* [_@;= ,Q$#.G+), #( 79;7@
_ V,. $2 ?+.%#E +2( 62+(), #* $#6%,. &()2$%.&+*
?+.%&6&?+Q+ 6,( #* ;[= )#* 6,($20, )# 1+$ (+%2.+* #( 79;7E $2 2%&*&F+6&'( +*6+(F+ (&G#*#$
6#.6+(,$ +* \_= .#$?#6%, + ,%.+$ -2#(%#$ #(#.14%&6+$ #( *,$ B*%&0,$ )F +C,$@ 8( #$%# ?#.&,),E
*+$ &()2$%.&+$ >2#
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Q#Q&)+$ / %+Q+6,@\
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8$%# 6,(P2(%, )# -+6%,.#$ 2#E + $2
G#FE
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$#6%,. &()2$%.&+* (& #( *+$ %+.&-+$ #*46%.&6+$E #* ",Q.(, -#)#.+* #$%&0' #( ;XE]99 0&**,(#$ )#
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?+.%# )# V"VZ / )# >2# (, #$%+Q+( #( G&1,. *,$ 0#6+(&$0,$ >2# ?#.0&%.+( + *,$ 2$2+.&,$
+$#12.+.$# #* +Q+$%#6&0(%, )# 1+$ (+%2.+* )# ,%.+$ -2#(%#$E #( *+$ (#1,6&+6&,(#$ 6,( *+
SfKST3LKE V"VZ #$%+Q*#6&' 2( 6,0?.,0&$, )# $20&(&$%., 6,( Q+$# #( *,$ 6,($20,$
+*6+(F+),$ +* 79;9 , +* 79;;E $#1B( 6,(G&(.+ + *+$ (#6#$&)+)#$ )# 6+)+ 2$2+.&, / )# +62#.),
+ *+ 6+?+6&)+) )#* $&$%#0+ )# %.+($?,.%# M)# +?.,5&0+)+0#(%# _ 0&* 0&**,(#$ )# ?$ 6BQ&6,$
)&+.&,$N@;[
9 Nota periodística “A Pemex ‘se le fuga’ el gas natural”. Disponible en
http://www.cnnexpansion.com/negocios/2013/05/06/a-pemex-se-le-fuga-el-gas-natural .10 Lajous, op. cit. 11 Esta medida fue parte de la “Estrategia para mitigar las alertas críticas” que implementó PGPB, la cual también
contenía los siguientes elementos: 1) Ajuste por Balanceo; 2) Protocolo de Alerta Crítica; 3) Tarifa por Servicio en
Alerta Crítica en Fase 1; y, 4) Tarifa por Servicio de Transporte en Alerta Crítica en Fase 2. Para mayor información
Véase RES 101/2013, 102/2013 y 158/2013.12 Nota periodística “A Pemex ‘se le fuga’ el gas natural”. Disponible en
http://www.cnnexpansion.com/negocios/2013/05/06/a-pemex-se-le-fuga-el-gas-natural .13 Véase RES 11/2013:5.14 Véase Minuta de la Reunión entre la CRE y CONCAMIN sobre las alertas críticas que afectan el suministro de gas
de natural, 9 de mayo del 2012.
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&(6.#0#(%+* 6,( "KA + ?.#6&, )# 0#.6+), )# #$%# #(#.14%&6,@
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.#$?#%+. *+$ '.)#(#$ ,?#.+%&G+$ )# -*2P, +(%# $&%2+6&,(#$ )# +*#.%+ 6.D%&6+@ I# ?.,?2$,
>2# 62+(), *,$ +)>2&.#(%#$ (, .#$?#%+.+( %+*#$ &($%.266&,(#$E *+ %,%+*&)+) )#*
6,($20, $# 6,Q.+.D+ + ?.#6&, )# "KA 6,0, 2(+ -,.0+ )# ?#(+*&F+6&'(@
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?.#6&,$ )# G#(%+ 6,0?#%&%&G,$@
15 Véase RES 011/2013.
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DISCUSIÓN Y PROPUESTA DE POLÍTICA
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)#* IJKL / *+ ?.#$%+6&'( )#* $#.G&6&, )# %.+($?,.%# )# 1+$ (+%2.+*@
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*+$ #0?.#$+$ #$%+%+*#$ M)2#C+$ )# *+ 0+/,. ?+.%# )# *,$ 1+$,)26%,$N@ ;\
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IJKL )#Q#.D+( $#. *+$ $&12(%#$b ;N L()#?#()#(6&+E #( %4.0&(,$ )# >2# $#+ 2(+ #(%&)+) >2# (,
#$%4 $2P#%+ +* 6,(%.,* )# (&(1B( ?.,?%+.&, )#* IJKL c 7N +*6+(6# / 6,(-&12.+6&'( .#1&,(+*E >2#
+Q+.>2# *+$ 6&(6, F,(+$ )#* IJKL M&@# K,.%#E S#(%.,E f66&)#(%#E ",*-, / I2.Nc /E UN +2%,(,0D+ )#
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G+.&+6&,(#$ )# *+ ,-#.%+ / )#0+()+ )# 1+$ (+%2.+*@ O&62# #*
1#$%,. %46(&6, +)0&(&$%.# / ,?#.# 2( .41&0#( )# .#$#.G+ )# 6+?+6&)+) )#* $&$%#0+ >2#
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$&$%#0+$ )# %.+($?,.%# &(%#.6,(#6%+),$ +* IJKLE $&( #* 6,(%.,* )# V"VZ@
T2(>2# #* 0+.6, *#1+* ?#.0&%# >2# *,$ ?+.%&62*+.#$ 6,($%.2/+( )26%,$ / ?.#$%#( #* $#.G&6&, )#
%.+($?,.%#E 2( $&$%#0+ %+.&-+.&, 6,( 2( 1#$%,. %46(&6, >2# (, -2#.+ #* 0&$0, V"VZ )+.D+ 0+/,.
6#.%&)20Q.# )# ,?#.+6&'( + *,$ 1+$,)26%,$ >2# $# +)&6&,(#( +* IJKL@ S,( #$%+ 0#)&)+ $#
?,().D+( *&0&%#$ + *+ &(%#1.+6&'( G#.%&6+* #(%.# #* %.+($?,.%# / *+ 6,0#.6&+*&F+6&'( )#* 1+$
(+%2.+*E ?#.0&%(), 2(+ 0+/,. 6,0?#%#(6&+ #( +0Q,$ .2Q.,$ / 0+/,.#$ -*2P,$ )# &(G#.$&'(
16 En Holanda GTS es un gestor técnico independiente que opera como empresa subsidiaria de Gasunie; mientras que
en Italia SnamReteGas posee y opera los sistemas de gasoductos del país; aunque el 50% del sistema es propiedad delmonopolio estatal de gas natural (ENI). Para mayor información véase Pollit, Michael (2012) “Lesson from the
history of independent system operator in the energy sector”Energy Policy, 47, p. 32-48.
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X
?+.+ &(6.#0#(%+. *+ &(-.+#$%.26%2.+ )# 1+$,)26%,$@ 8( $D(%#$&$E *+ -&12.+ )#* 1#$%,. %46(&6,
%#().D+ >2# &(6*2&.$# #( *+ A#/ ^#1*+0#(%+.&+ )#* T.%D62*, 7: S,($%&%26&,(+*E 6,..#$?,()(%# +*
^+0, )#* V#%.'*#,@
CONCLUSIONES
8( 2( #$6#(+.&, #( #* >2# V"VZ #$%&0+ 2( +20#(%, )# *+ )#0+()+ $2?#.&,. + *+ ,-#.%+ )# 1+$
(+%2.+* MU@\= G$ ;@\=N ?+.+ #* ?#.&,), 79;7H797XE;:
#$ (#6#$+.&+ 2(+ 0+/,. &(G#.$&'( ?BQ*&6+ /
?.&G+)+ ?+.+ #5?+()&. #* IJKL@ A+$ *&0&%+6&,(#$ ,Q$#.G+)+$ ?+.+ %.+($?,.%+. 0+/,.#$
6+(%&)+)#$ )# 1+$ (+%2.+* 2# $# 2# &(%#1.+( #* IJKLE
#$%&0+0,$ >2# $# )#Q# ?,(#. 4(-+$&$ #( *+ 6.#+6&'( )# 2( 1#$%,. %46(&6, &()#?#()(%#E )#
+*6+(6# .#1&,(+* / 6,( $2-&6(%# +2%,(,0D+ )# ,?#.+6&'( / 1#$%&'( ?+.+ .#12*+. / ?*+(&-&6+. *+
,?#.+6&'( )# *+ &(-.+#$%.26%2.+ )# *,$ $&$%#0+$ )# %.+($?,.%# &(%#.6,(#6%+),$ +* IJKL@
A+ 6.#+6&'( )# 2( 1#$%,. %46(&6, ?2#)# )+. 2(+ 0+/,. 6#.%&)20Q.# + *+ ,?#.+6&'( )# )26%,$
)# ?.,?)+) ?.&G+)+ &(%#.6,(#6%+),$ +* IJKLE +)#0R$ )# ?.,?&6&+. 2(+ 0+/,. &(G#.$&'( #( *+
6,($%.266&'( )# 1+$,)26%,$ +)&6&,(+*#$@ 8( 6,(P2(%, #$%, 0#P,.+.R *+ )&$?,(&Q&*&)+) )# 1+$
(+%2.+* ?+.+ #* 6.#6&0(%, )# *+ &()2$%.&+ #( 345&6,@
17 PEMEX, PEMEX GAS Y PETROQUIMICA BASICA 2013. Sesión Informativa del Proyecto Los Ramones FASE
II.
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]
ANEXOS
"#$# %
&'()*+, $'+-(.*+ #/ 01%0 .(/ 2#, 3#45'#/ (3 .*6('(34(, '(2*+3(, .(/ -53.+7
d2#(%#b I#6.#%+.D+ )# 8(#.1D+E V.,$?#6%&G+ )#* 3#.6+), )# "+$ K+%2.+*E 79;7H797\@
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;9
"#$# 0
8*,4(-# 9#)*+3#/ .( :'#3,$+'4( ;34(2'#.+< #)45#/ = $'+=()4+, .( (>$#3,*?37
d2#(%#b Z#(%#k 8(#.1/E 79;U@ ".,l&(1 3#5&6+( "+$ 3+.k#% S.#+%#$ I,2%
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;U
F'G6*)# %
C*6('(3)*#/ .( $'()*+, (34'( (/ $'()*+ .(/ $(4'?/(+ -(>*)#3+ = (/ 2#, 3#45'#/7
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;[
F'G6*)+ 0
;-$+'4#)*+3(, .( 2#, 3#45'#/ = 2#, /*)5#.+H 0111I01%J7
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;_
F'G6*)# K
C(-#3.# = )#$#)*.#. .( 4'#3,$+'4( .(/ 2#, 3#45'#/7
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;:
RESPONSABLES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
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