Germplasm conservation at ICRISAT RS Paroda Genebank - for sustainable food security in drylands
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Germplasm conservation at ICRISAT RS Paroda Genebank for sustainable food security in drylands Hari D Upadhyaya, DVSSR Sastry, M Vetriventhan, SK Pattanashetti, KN Reddy and Sube Singh About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scienfic informaon: hp://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Plant genetic resources ▪ Plant genec resources (PGR) are the most important components of agrobiodiversity ▪ They are a reservoir of genec diversity for breeding and crop improvement research ▪ They must be conserved as they are finite, vulnerable and fast eroding and they contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals of » Zero hunger » No poverty and » Good health and well-being Access to germplasm ▪ ICRISAT supplies germplasm free of cost to the global research community following the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) under the Internaonal Treaty on Plant Genec Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) ▪ ICRISAT Genebank has so far distributed over 1.45 million samples to researchers at ICRISAT and in 148 countries ▪ Mini core collecons are now internaonal public goods and serve as a gateway to access the species diversity, 280 sets were provided on request to sciensts in 36 countries. Partnerships for PGR conservation and utilization ▪ ICRISAT collaborates with Naonal Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and Agricultural Research Instutes (ARI), universies and NGOs in different countries for introducon, collecon, exchange, conservaon, evaluaon, documentaon and ulizaon of germplasm ▪ Extensive evaluaon of germplasm by NARS partners resulted in release of 109 germplasm lines directly as 146 culvars in 51 countries ▪ Naonal partners in 79 countries have released more than 800 variees by ulizing germplasm and breeding lines from ICRISAT ▪ Extensive evaluaon of mini core collecons at ICRISAT and NARS partners in 36 countries have resulted in idenficaon of new sources of variaon for use in crop improvement research. Germplasm conservation at ICRISAT ▪ ICRISAT’s RS Paroda Genebank serves as a world repository for the genec resources of its mandate crops: sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut and finger millet and five small millets – foxtail, lile, kodo, proso and barnyard millet ▪ The RS Paroda Genebank based at Patancheru, India, conserves over 124,300 germplasm accessions from 144 countries ▪ As a safety-backup, the Genebank has deposited over 110,800 samples in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV), Norway. Genetic variability in collections ▪ About 95% accessions are characterized for important morpho- agronomic traits ▪ The collecons represent wide variaon for morpho-agronomic and nutrional traits and tolerance/resistance to bioc and abioc stresses, and provide sources for use in crop improvement to develop climate resilient crop culvars with a broad genec base ▪ Sciensts at ICRISAT have established core and mini core collecons to enhance ulizaon of germplasm in crop improvement ▪ Passport and characterizaon data on germplasm collecons are accessible through www.ICRISAT.org. ▪ These highly nutrious, drought-tolerant crops are the best bets for smallholder farmers in the drylands for food security ▪ Germplasm collecons are maintained on par with internaonal genebank standards ▪ Three regional genebanks at Niamey, Niger; Nairobi, Kenya; and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, conserve germplasm of regional importance, core (10% of enre collecon) and mini core (10% of core or 1% of enre collecon) collecons, etc. PGR conservation - Making an Impact ▪ Conserving global collecon and making germplasm available to researchers for use in research is an insurance against genec erosion ▪ Disseminaon of knowledge through research publicaons, catalogues, manuals, pamphlets, presentaons, posters, etc., enhance awareness of germplasm, and its conservaon and use ▪ With the unlocking of their genec potenal, ICRISAT mandate crops are changing from subsistence crops to increasingly important sources of income for farmers, amid threats to climate change ▪ A wilt resistant pigeonpea landrace ICP 8863 released as Maru in India in 1986 benefited the farming community to the extent of US$ 75 million by 1996 ▪ Trained >40 sciensts during 2000-2015, which helped in efficient conservaon and ulizaon of plant genec resources in 11 countries. Building tomorrow together Sorghum Pearlmillet Chickpea Pigeonpea Groundnut Nov 2016 Cultivated Weedy Wild
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Transcript of Germplasm conservation at ICRISAT RS Paroda Genebank - for sustainable food security in drylands
Germplasm conservation at ICRISAT RS Paroda Genebank for sustainable food security in drylandsHari D Upadhyaya, DVSSR Sastry, M Vetriventhan, SK Pattanashetti, KN Reddy and Sube Singh
About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.orgICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org
Plant genetic resources ▪ Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the most important components of
agrobiodiversity ▪ They are a reservoir of genetic diversity for breeding and crop
improvement research ▪ They must be conserved as they are finite, vulnerable and fast eroding
and they contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals of » Zero hunger » No poverty and » Good health and well-being
Access to germplasm ▪ ICRISAT supplies germplasm free of cost to the global research
community following the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)
▪ ICRISAT Genebank has so far distributed over 1.45 million samples to researchers at ICRISAT and in 148 countries
▪ Mini core collections are now international public goods and serve as a gateway to access the species diversity, 280 sets were provided on request to scientists in 36 countries.
Partnerships for PGR conservation and utilization ▪ ICRISAT collaborates with National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS)
and Agricultural Research Institutes (ARI), universities and NGOs in different countries for introduction, collection, exchange, conservation, evaluation, documentation and utilization of germplasm
▪ Extensive evaluation of germplasm by NARS partners resulted in release of 109 germplasm lines directly as 146 cultivars in 51 countries
▪ National partners in 79 countries have released more than 800 varieties by utilizing germplasm and breeding lines from ICRISAT
▪ Extensive evaluation of mini core collections at ICRISAT and NARS partners in 36 countries have resulted in identification of new sources of variation for use in crop improvement research.
Germplasm conservation at ICRISAT ▪ ICRISAT’s RS Paroda Genebank serves as a world repository for the
genetic resources of its mandate crops: sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut and finger millet and five small millets – foxtail, little, kodo, proso and barnyard millet
▪ The RS Paroda Genebank based at Patancheru, India, conserves over 124,300 germplasm accessions from 144 countries
▪ As a safety-backup, the Genebank has deposited over 110,800 samples in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV), Norway.
Genetic variability in collections ▪ About 95% accessions are characterized for important morpho-
agronomic traits ▪ The collections represent wide variation for morpho-agronomic and
nutritional traits and tolerance/resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and provide sources for use in crop improvement to develop climate resilient crop cultivars with a broad genetic base
▪ Scientists at ICRISAT have established core and mini core collections to enhance utilization of germplasm in crop improvement
▪ Passport and characterization data on germplasm collections are accessible through www.ICRISAT.org.
▪ These highly nutritious, drought-tolerant crops are the best bets for smallholder farmers in the drylands for food security
▪ Germplasm collections are maintained on par with international genebank standards
▪ Three regional genebanks at Niamey, Niger; Nairobi, Kenya; and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, conserve germplasm of regional importance, core (10% of entire collection) and mini core (10% of core or 1% of entire collection) collections, etc.
PGR conservation - Making an Impact ▪ Conserving global collection and making germplasm available to
researchers for use in research is an insurance against genetic erosion ▪ Dissemination of knowledge through research publications, catalogues,
manuals, pamphlets, presentations, posters, etc., enhance awareness of germplasm, and its conservation and use
▪ With the unlocking of their genetic potential, ICRISAT mandate crops are changing from subsistence crops to increasingly important sources of income for farmers, amid threats to climate change
▪ A wilt resistant pigeonpea landrace ICP 8863 released as Maruti in India in 1986 benefited the farming community to the extent of US$ 75 million by 1996
▪ Trained >40 scientists during 2000-2015, which helped in efficient conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources in 11 countries.
Building tomorrow together
Sorghum Pearlmillet Chickpea Pigeonpea Groundnut
Nov 2016
Cultivated
Weedy
Wild
