Germany's current situation regarding hybrid and electric vehicles...

Germany's current situation regarding hybrid and electric vehicles – update November 2015 IEA-IA HEV Task 1 Information exchange November 4th, 2015 Sandton, South Africa

Stephan Schmid Jens Brokate Florian Kleiner

www.DLR.de • Slide 1

Ø  Introduction Ø  Industry – trends in PEV models Ø  On the road – new registrations of PHEVs go up Ø  Policy and legislation – no definite news, but rumours Ø  Charging infrastructure Ø  Research and deployment –The Showcases Ø  Summary

Contents


Introduction

DLR.de • Slide 3

Global warming and reduction of CO2 emissions

"  EU CO2 emission target of 95 g/km in 2021 particularly challenging for German OEMs with high share of large, premium cars

à Electrification of powertrain important lever to avoid CO2 penalties

"  Energy transition (‘Energiewende’) High share of renewable energies; Nuclear power phase-out; Embedding triad goals in European climate and energy context for 2030

à THG reduction targets of -40% in 2030 (EU), min. -80% in 2050 (GER)

à Renewables power consumption share to reach 30% in 2030 (EU), 80% in 2050 (GER)

à Decrease of total primary energy consumption with “binding and ambitious goals” (EU), by 50% until 2050 (GER)

Limited fossil resources

Increase of renewable energies

Growth of emerging markets

Global megatrends Motivating factors for HEVs and EVs in Germany

Pow

er g

ener

atio

n

Electricity generation in Germany

•  Audi

•  BMW

•  Mercedes-Benz

•  VW

DLR.de • Slide 4

Source: Audi, BMW, Daimler, Volkswagen

German vehicles new at the 66th IAA, Frankfurt

Q7 e-tron

225 xe 330 e X5 xDrive40e 740e

GLE 500 e 4MATIC GLC 350 e 4MATIC

Tiguan GTE

DLR.de • Slide 5

Source: Audi, BMW, Ford, Daimler, Opel, Porsche, Volkswagen

22 PEVs available today from German OEMs

DLR.de • Slide 6

PEV common in product portfolios

2014

2018

2015

2016

2017

Audi BMW Daimler Porsche Volkswagen

A3 e-tron

A4 e-tron R8 e-tron

A2 e-tron

Q3 e-tron

i8

330e 530e

X5 xDrive40e

i5

X1

B-Class ED S 500 PHEV

C 350 e GLE 500 e

GLC 350e

Panamera S E-Hybrid

Cayenne S E-Hybrid

Macan S E-Hybrid

Golf GTE XL1

Passat GTE

T7 Q6 e-tron

Q7 e-tron Smart Fortwo ED

2019

A6 e-tron 740e

C Coupé GTE

BEV PHEV

Tiguan GTE 225xe

i1

911 S E-Hybrid

717

E 350 e

Mini Countryman

A8 e-tron

Q5 e-tron

Ø  Introduction Ø  Industry Ø  On the road Ø  Policy and legislation Ø  Charging infrastructure Ø  Research and deployment Ø  Summary

Contents


Germany‘s car market

DLR.de • Slide 8

New

licensed

passenger cars in German

y (unit/a)

Source: www.kba.de

New vehicles in 2014: 3.04 million (+2.9% compared to 2013)

of this Private: 36.2 % Diesel: 47.8 % Alternative powertrains: 1.7% Avg. CO2 emission: 132.8 g/km Short-term licensing: 110,959

The number of new BEVs increased by ~41% in 2014 compared to 2013:

8,522 new units

The number of new PHEVs increased by ~227% in 2014 compared to 2013:

4,527 new units

0 500

1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000

Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Jan Feb Mar

EVs

Plug-‐In Hybrid

Hybrid

Current sales of HEVs, PHEVs, and BEVs

DLR.de • Slide 9

Sales as percentage of total market

§  New registraJons in 10/2014-‐09/2015 §  Hybrids: 21,698 (w/o PHEV) §  PHEVs: 9,005 (29% of HEVs) §  BEV 9,860 (52% of Plugins) §  ConvenJonal

§  SI 1,592,084 §  CI 1,518,381

§  Change in registraJon compared to the same Jme the year before:

§  Hybrids -‐15% (-‐2,545) §  PHEVs +142% (+5,450) §  BEV +14% (+1,633)

Sales per month, 10/2014 to 09/2015

Source: www.kba.de

•  Western Europe Q1-Q3 2015 •  Remarkable sales numbers of

Tesla Model S (BEV) compared to conventional ICE upper class cars

•  BMW i sales •  3,361 units of i3 sold worldwide in Sep

2015 (+87%) •  20,576 i3 and i8 sold in 2015 (+95%) •  Sales in US Q1-Q3 2015

•  7,983 i3 (+154%) •  1,342 i8 (compared to 67 in 2014)

•  BMW DriveNow Free-Floating car sharing •  400 i3 in Copenhagen (since August 2015)

Other remarkable trends …

DLR.de • Slide 10

h[p://www.forbes.com, picture: www.eagleaid.com

Source: www.press.bmwgroup.com, BIMMERTODAY, BMW i press release

•  Start: Nov. 2012

•  500 electric Smart in the greater Stuttgart area

•  In total 1,300 electric Smart in Stuttgart, Amsterdam and San Diego

•  In 3 years more than 1.5 million „rentals“ and 10 million km driven

•  Customer characteristics •  About 2/3 male, 1/3 female •  55% between 18 and 35 years old

Success of free-floating electric car-sharing in Stuttgart: now 50,000 customers

DLR.de • Slide 11

Source: www.car2go.com, Mercedes press release

Ø  Introduction Ø  Industry Ø  On the road Ø  Policy and legislation Ø  Charging infrastructure Ø  Research and deployment Ø  Summary

Contents


Purpose •  Increase EV attractiveness à 1 million EVs on the road in 2020 •  Create legal framework for electric mobility What‘s new? •  Definition of privileged vehicles (≤ 50 g/kmNEDC or >30/40 km AER) •  Labeling via number plate •  Parking Privileges §

•  Use of bus lanes § •  Access to restricted areas

Electric Mobility Law (EmoG) came into force 12th June 2015

DLR.de • Slide 13

§ EmoG sets the legal framework, the municipaliJes decide

•  Support of accelerated depreciation of EVs in commercial use

•  Demand to examine a ‚uniform environmental bonus‘ of 5,000 EURO on the purchase of a BEV for private persons, of PHEVs 2,500 EURO

•  Demand to increase charging infrastructure substantially

•  Emphasize further R&D programmes (up to 2.2 billion Euro)

•  Support for committment of government for public procurement: 10% of vehicles will be BEV or PHEV.

•  Ask to examine the legal framework to better support the use of electric 2-wheelers

Decision of the upper house of the German parliament to support electric vehicles (10th Juli 2015)

DLR.de • Slide 14

Source: Drucksache 167/15, translated in own words by author of this presentaJon

Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor (Jun 15th, 2015) at the National Conference Electric Mobility • … Germany will not get around to promote EVs further … an answer is

expected in 2015…

Sigmar Gabriel, Vice-Chancellor and Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy (Sep 24th, 20015) talking to Elon Musk from Tesla •  „Was jetzt kommen muss, sind Incentives“

Barbara Hendricks, Federal Minister for Environment (Oct 14th, 2015) •  „…for climate...air quality…EVs are important… … I consider besides tax

incentives, … a committed quota for EVs in combination with a governmental grant as reasonable“

What‘s in discussion about EVs? Quotes from government representatives

DLR.de • Slide 15

Sources: Press release, minstry of environment, 14.10.2015, www.bmub.bund.de/P4104/ h[p://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/ArJkel/2015/06/2015-‐06-‐15-‐bkin-‐elektro-‐konferenz.html •  h[p://www.faz.net/agenturmeldungen/adhoc/gabriel-‐will-‐kaufanreize-‐fuer-‐e-‐autos-‐tesla-‐chef-‐fuer-‐co2-‐strafen-‐13821385.html

translated in own words by the author of this presentaJon

Ø  Introduction Ø  Industry Ø  On the road Ø  Policy and legislation Ø  Charging infrastructure Ø  Research Ø  Summary

Contents


•  Legal ordinance for “charge posts” passed the German government on 28th Oct 2015

•  At least “type 2” plugs are required for AC •  CCS Combo are needed for DC charging •  Registration enforced •  Applicable to all public charge posts •  Approval by Upper House needed

•  Fast charging network for major highways - 2 projects runing SLAM + Tank&Rast

•  Recent change in objectives of SLAM:’ - for up to 50 kW: up to 50% on-top funding - for 150 kW: up to 75% on-top funding

•  Plans on hydrogen infrastructure •  “H2 Mobility Deutschland” founded by Air Liquide,

Daimler, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total •  Objectives. 400 H2-stations in 2023 •  Envisaged investment: 400 mio Euro

News on infrastructure topics


© Fotolia.com/Dan Race

Ø  Introduction Ø  Industry Ø  On the road Ø  Policy and legislation Ø  Charging infrastructure Ø  Research and deployment – news from showcases Ø  Summary

Contents


•  Initiated by the Federal Government in 2012 (see IA-HEV May 2013)

•  on recommendation by the the German National Platform for Electric Mobility (NPE) for the phase of “market preparation”

•  Research and Development of alternative Drivetrains and proving/testing/verification auf Electric Mobility on the interface of the energy system, vehicles and transport system

•  Total volume in terms of money: ~ 435 Mio. Euro •  Funding by the Federal Government based on a decision by the Federal

Parliament: 180 Mio. Euro •  Funding by the 6 Federal States involved: 75 Mio. Euro •  Contribution by ~300 partners: 180 Mio. Euro

The Electromobility Showcase Programme

DLR.de • Slide 19

•  Building competences in system and methods

by focusing activities in regions •  Interaction of systems •  Checkout the regulatory framework •  Training and Education

•  ‘Building a network’ •  Intersectoral and transdiscipliary cooperations •  137 projects •  90 joint research projects with 334 sub-projects

•  ‘Visibility and experience’ •  Demonstrate •  Critical mass •  Involvement of the public

4 showcases for electric mobility The objectives

DLR.de • Slide 20

Graph: Harendt, 2015

The projects Project profiles available: online & english!

DLR.de • Slide 21

Graph: Harendt, 2015

Cross-sectional topics of the projects www.schaufenster-elektromobilitaet.org

•  Electricity market law. Clarification needed: charging point operators should not be interpreted as electricity suppliers, they should be “end users” as they provide a commercial service; likely to be clarified in 2016.

•  Car Tax Law. Exemption applies only to BEV, not to PHEV; Registration until Dec 31st 2015: 10 years exemption, until Dec 31st 2020: 5 years. Showcase experts recommend to extend the periods by 2 years.

•  Tax law – Compensation for extra battery costs. Company cars are taxed at 1% of the list price for “benefit-in-kind”. 500 Euros can be substracted from this value for each kWh of battery capacity up to a max of 20 kWh. Showcase experts recommend to to raise the limit to 40 kWh.

•  Law of Tenancy. Tenants are not entitled to install charging infrastructure without consent of the owner. Ammendment of law seems unrealistic.

•  Law on Property. Installation of CI is considered a structural change of property. Needs a simple majority if group of owners.

•  Building

Some recommendations on legal aspects from showcase

DLR.de • Slide 22

Source: Harendt (2015): Results of the German Electromobility Showcase. Presentation on Oct. 14th 2015 at the Wolrd of Energy Solution, conference and fair, Stuttgart,

•  Increasing number of PEV-models of German OEMs

•  Number of PHEVs on German roads show strongest growth

•  Still no monetary incentives in Germany, but broad political support

•  Positive trend in charging infrastructure, fast charging is adressed

•  Results of showcase projects soon available - latest mid of 2016.

Summary

DLR.de • Slide 23

Dr. Stephan Schmid > October 17th, 2012, Slide 24

Institute of Vehicle Concepts

Institute of Vehicle Concepts

[email protected] +49 711 6862 533 +49 173 26 39 127

Germany's current situation regarding hybrid and electric vehicles...

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