Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) •...

37
Germany, Austria, and Alsace

Transcript of Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) •...

Page 1: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Germany,  Austria,  and  Alsace  

Page 2: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and
Page 3: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Baden  •  Warm  and  sunny  Baden,  the  southernmost  German  region,  stretches  

some  400km  (240  miles)  along  the  Rhine  from  the  Bodensee  (Lake  Constance)  to  Heidelberg,  taking  in  the  Black  Forest,  as  well  as  the  vine-­‐clad  terraces  of  the  Kaiserstuhl,  a  volcanic  massif.    

•  As  in  neighbouring  Alsace  and  Switzerland,  Baden  has  a  great  tradiKon  of  wine  and  food.    

•  Dry,  food-­‐compaKble  ‘Burgunders’  (Pinots),  red  and  white,  have  long  been  popular  throughout  the  region.    

•  Rivaner  vineyards  are  also  widespread,  while  other  classic  whites  e.g.  Riesling,  Silvaner  and  Gutedel,  are  more  localised.  

Page 4: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Mosel  •  The  valleys  of  the  Mosel  River  and  its  tributaries,  the  Saar  and  the  Ruwer  (pronounced  Roo-­‐vair),  

are  the  seSng  for  some  of  Germany’s  most  beauKful  and  romanKc  wine  country.    •  From  Perl,  as  the  ‘three-­‐country’  corner  of  France,  Luxemburg  and  Germany,  the  Mosel  flows  for  

242km  (145  miles)  to  join  the  Rhine  at  Koblenz.    •  Scores  of  wine-­‐related  artefacts  and  press  houses  unearthed  throughout  the  region  bear  witness  to  

2,000  years  of  viKculture  in  the  area.    •  The  Mosel,  with  about  9,000  ha  of  vines,  is  Germany’s  fourth  largest  winegrowing  region,  

predominantly  planted  with  Riesling  vines.    •  In  the  Saar  and  Ruwer  valleys,  and  from  Trier  to  Koblenz,  the  Riesling  grape  and  slatey  soil  team  up  

to  yield  wines  of  incomparable  delicacy,  yet  remarkable  expression.    •  These  are  fragrant  white  wines,  rich  in  acidity  and  fruit  flavours,  o[en  with  a  mineral  undertone.    •  The  very  finest  gracefully  age  into  sought-­‐a[er  rariKes  that  fetch  legendary  prices  at  aucKon.  

Page 5: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Pfalz  •  The  Pfalz  is  Germany’s  second  largest  wine  growing  region  with  a  vineyard  area  of  about  23,000  

hectares.  Bordered  by  Rheinhessen  to  the  north,  the  Haardt  Mountains  to  the  west,  the  Rhine  River  to  the  east  and  the  French  region  of  Alsace  to  the  south.    

•  Its  climate  is  much  like  that  of  Alsace  and  it  is  one  of  the  sunniest  and  driest  of  the  German  wine  regions.  45  white  and  22  red  grape  varieKes  are  grown,  with  approximately  60%  of  the  total  area  under  vine  planted  with  white  wine  grapes  and  40%  with  red.    

•  The  Pfalz  has  the  largest  acreage  planted  with  the  ‘noble’  Riesling  grape.    •  Here,  it  yields  wines  of  substance  and  finesse,  with  a  less  austere  acidity  than  their  Mosel  

counterparts  and  aromas  of  peach  and  apricot  rather  than  green  fruit.  Pleasant,  mild  white  wines  rich  in  bouquet  and  full  of  body  are  produced  from  Müller-­‐Thurgau,  Grauburgunder  (Pinot  Grigio),  Weißburgunder  (Pinot  Blanc)  and  Scheurebe  grapes,  while  smooth,  fruity  red  wine  is  made  from  the  Portugieser  grape.  In  response  to  the  growing  demand  for  red  wine,  there  are  many  new  planKngs  of  Dornfelder  which,  depending  on  the  winemaking  techniques  employed,  produces  a  deep-­‐coloured  and  complex  wine.    

•  The  world-­‐renowned  Pinot  Noir  is  one  of  the  most  important  red  varieKes  grown  in  the  Pfalz  region,  parKcularly  in  the  south.  

Page 6: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

 Rheinhessen    •  Germany’s  largest  wine  region  Rheinhessen  with  about  one  forth  of  the  whole  German  vineyard  

surface,  lies  in  a  valley  of  gentle  rolling  hills.    •  Steep  vineyard  sites  are  confined  to  small  areas  near  Bingen  and  south  of  Mainz  along  the  Rhein  

Terrasse.    •  Varied  soils  and  the  favourable  climate  make  it  possible  to  grow  many  grape  varieKes,  old  and  new.    •  The  region  boasts  the  world’s  largest  acreage  planted  with  the  ancient  variety  Silvaner.    •  In  recent  years  Rheinhessen  has  developed  very  dynamically  due  to  many  young  winemakers  

coming  into  the  industry.    •  Rheinhessen  offers  a  wide  range  of  wines  –  pleasant,  easy-­‐to-­‐drink  wines  as  well  as  wines  of  great  

class  and  elegance,  with  a  depth  and  complexity  second  to  none.  

Page 7: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and
Page 8: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Deutscher  Wein  

•  The  most  basic  levels  of  German  wine  are  Deutscher  Wein  and  Landwein(Germany’s  simple  “table  wine”  classificaKon).    

•  The  higher  quality  wines  of  Qualitätswein  and  Prädikatswein.  So,  if  you  see  “Prädikatswein”  or  “Qualitätswein”  on  the  label,  this  is  basic  quality  German  wine.    

•  As  you  go  higher  up  the  rungs  of  these  two  quality  classificaKons,  you’ll  find  that  quality  is  dependent  on  two  factors:  the  ripeness/quality  of  the  grapes  and  the  regional  specificity.  

Page 9: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Dryness/  Sweetness  

•  Trocken/Selec+on:  A  dry  wine  with  ~9  g/l  RS  or  less.  The  term  “SelecKon”  is  specifically  for  the  wines  of  Rheingau  that  have  been  hand-­‐harvested.  

•  Halbtrocken/Classic:  A  “half-­‐dry”  or  slightly  sweet  wine  with  up  to  12  g/l  RS  (up  to  15  g/l  RS  for  “Classic”)  

•  Feinherb:  An  unofficial  term  to  describe  an  off-­‐dry  wine  similar  to  Halbtrocken  

•  Liebliche:  A  sweet  wine  with  up  to  45  g/l  RS  •  süß  or  Süss:  A  sweet  wine  with  more  than  45  g/l  RS  

Page 10: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Pradikatswein  

•   Pradikatswein-­‐  This  designaKon  used  to  be  called  “Qualitätswein  mit  Pradikat”  or  “QmP”  which  you  sKll  may  find  on  labels  prior  to  2007.    

•  Pradikatswein  Riesling  wines  are  tradiKonally  sweet  and  this  quality-­‐level  is  commonly  used  in  the  Mosel  of  Germany.    

•  Pradikatswein  has  an  addiKonal  level  of  classificaKon  based  on  the  ripeness  of  the  grapes  when  they  are  harvested.    

•  The  sweeter  the  grape,  the  higher  the  potenKal  alcohol  and/or  sweetness  in  the  wine.  The  classificaKon  also  has  a  category  for  ice  wine  (aka  eiswein).    

Page 11: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Ripeness  Levels  •  Kabine;-­‐The  lightest  style  of  Riesling,  made  from  grapes  that  have  a  sweetness  

level  of  67-­‐82  Oechsle  (148–188  g/L  sugar).  Kabiner  wines  range  in  style  from  dry  to  off-­‐dry.  

•  Spätlese-­‐Spätlese  means  “late  harvest”  and  grapes  have  a  sweetness  level  of  76-­‐90  Oechsle  (172–209  g/L  sugar).  Spätlese  wines  are  rich  and  usually  sweeter  than  Kabiner,  although  if  you  see  “Trocken”  on  the  borle  you  can  assume  it’s  in  a  dry  style  with  higher  alcohol.  

•  Auslese  Meaning  “select  harvest”,  Auslese  is  even  sweeter  picked  at  83–110  Oechsle  (191–260  g/l  sugar)  where  the  grapes  are  hand-­‐selected  and  have  noble  rot.  Wines  are  sweeter  or  bold  and  high  alcohol  when  labeled  “Trocken.”  

•  Beerenauslese  Meaning  “berry  select  harvest”,  these  wines  are  much  more  rare  because  the  grapes  are  basically  raisinated  noble  rot  grapes  picked  at  110-­‐128  Oechsle  (260+  g/l  sugar!).  Expect  precious  dessert  wines  sold  in  half-­‐borles.  

•  Trockenbeerenauslese  Meaning  “dry  berry  select  harvest”  and  the  most  rare  wine  of  the  group  made  from  raisinated  grapes  that  dried  out  on  the  vine  picked  at  150-­‐154  Oechsle.  

•  Eiswein  When  grapes  freeze  on  the  vine  and  are  pressed  when  frozen  (usually  in  the  middle  of  the  night)  this  can  be  classified  as  a  true  ice  wine.  These  wines  will  have  between  110-­‐128  Oechsle  (260+  g/l  sugar!)  when  picked.  

Page 12: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Blaufränkisch  

•  Lemberger/  Blue  Franc  •  Blaufränkisch  is  Austria’s  champion  age-­‐worthy  red  wine  

with  a  vein  of  acidity  and  big  tannins  to  boot.    •  They're  o[en  a  lirle  harsh  when  young  but  Blaufränkisch  

wines  become  wonderfully  subtle  and  lush  with  age.    •  Expect  blackberry,  tart  cherry,  and  an  elegant  citrus-­‐like  

spice  in  Blaufränkisch  wines  along  with  a  pronounced  burst  of  tannins  in  the  mid-­‐palate.    

•  Blaufränkisch  Food  Pairing  •  Blaufränkisch  is  rich  with  moderate  tannin  and  it  should  be  

paired  with  rich,  grilled  foods.    •  Try  it  with  your  next  BBQ  tenderloin  or  smoked  tofu  burger.  

Page 13: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Blaufränkisch  •  Medium-­‐bodied  red  wines  with  

blueberry  and  spice  •  One  of  Austria’s  finer  red  wines,  

Blaufränkisch  (a.k.a  Lemberger)  has  deeper  plum,  blueberry  and  blackberry  flavors  with  peppery  spiciness,  chewy  tannins  and  a  subtle  forest-­‐like  earthiness.    

•  The  best  wines  tend  to  come  from  regions  within  Burgenland  bordering  Hungary  where  temperatures  are  warm  enough  for  high-­‐quality  cool  climate  red  wine  varieKes  (like  Pinot  Noir  –  in  fact  planKngs  of  Pinot  conKnue  to  grow).  

Page 14: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Wine  AddiKves  •  Wine  AddiKves:  ChaptalizaKon  and  AcidificaKon  Are  Misunderstood  •  Just  as  a  mechanic  may  have  to  make  some  tweaks  under  the  hood  

to  ensure  a  car  performs  at  its  best,  winemakers  can  also  be  found  doing  a  lirle  fine-­‐tuning  in  order  to  keep  fermentaKon  and  wine  producKon  on  track.    

•  ChaptalizaKon  and  acidificaKon  are  two  such  methods  of  tweaking  the  winemaking  process  to  ensure  a  berer  final  product.    

•  More  specifically,  these  techniques  involve  adding  something  to  the  mix:  whether  that  be  sugar  (chaptalizaKon)  or  acid  (acidificaKon).  

•  Though  these  two  addiKves  are  barely  detectable  in  the  final  product,  their  use  does  suggest  that  the  grapes  were  somehow  lacking  or  of  lesser  quality.    

•  Limited  by  law  in  some  areas  and  kept  hush-­‐hush  in  others,  these  two  correcKve  addiKves  will  reveal  some  of  the  lesser-­‐talked  about  truths  in  winemaking.  

Page 15: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and
Page 16: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

What  is  ChaptalizaKon?  •  ChaptalizaKon  is  the  addiKon  of  sugar  during  fermentaKon  in  order  to  

boost  the  wine’s  final  alcohol  content  (percentage).  For  example,  in  France,  the  basic  Bourgogne  Blanc  (Chardonnay)  is  required  to  have  at  least  10.5%  ABV  (alcohol  by  volume)  but  if  the  harvested  grapes  are  overly  sour  (acidic),  adding  sugar  will  ensure  that  the  wine  reaches  the  minimum  required  alcohol  percentage.    

•  Even  though  chaptalizaKon  adds  sugar,  it’s  not  meant  to  sweeten  a  wine;  it’s  simply  meant  to  give  yeast  enough  fuel  to  turn  into  alcohol.  

•  Chaptaliza+on  is  common  in  cooler  regions  where  grapes  may  struggle  to  reach  ripeness  and  may  be  harvested  with  lower  sugar  content  and  higher  acidity.  

•  Chaptaliza+on  is  allowed  (in  varying  degrees)  in  France,  Germany  (not  Pradikatswein),  Oregon,  Canada,  New  Zealand,  the  United  Kingdom,  and  New  York.  

•  Chaptaliza+on  is  not  allowed  in  ArgenKna,  Australia,  Austria,  California,  Italy,  Greece,  Spain,  Portugal,  and  South  Africa.  

Page 17: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

What  is  AcidificaKon?  •  AcidificaKon  is  the  addiKon  of  acids  (usually  tartaric  and  malic  acid)  

in  order  to  increase  the  final  acidity  of  a  wine.    •  This  technique  is  o[en  used  when  grapes  are  harvested  too  ripe  

and,  as  a  result,  produce  wines  with  low  acidity  and  a  high  pH.    •  A  high  pH  will  cause  wine  to  be  unstable  and  it  will  produce  off-­‐

flavors  and  deteriorate  quickly.    •  Thus,  acidificaKon  is  needed  to  stabilize  a  flabby  wine.  •  Acidifica+on  is  commonly  used  in  ho;er  regions  where  grapes  

may  be  harvested  too  ripe  (too  sweet).  •  Acidifica+on  is  common  in  areas  such  as  ArgenKna,  Australia,  

California,  Washington  State,  Italy,  and  South  Africa.  •  Acidifica+on  is  not  common  in  areas  such  as  Northern  France,  

Germany,  Austria,  Oregon,  and  New  Zealand.  

Page 18: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Can  you  taste  chaptaliza@on  or  acidifica@on  in  wine?  

•  Because  chaptalizaKon  only  affects  the  alcohol  percentage,  it’s  not  really  detectable.  That  said,  some  experienced  tasters  believe  that,  despite  the  increased  alcohol  content,  chaptalized  wines  tend  to  lack  complexity  and  may  also  taste  overly  acidic  (given  that  they’re  made  with  under-­‐ripe  grapes).  

•  AcidificaKon  is  also  tricky  to  detect,  but  can  be  detectable  with  some  tasKng  experience.  Wines  with  added  acidity  will  o[en  have  a  somewhat  unbalanced,  sweet  tart  flavor  (like  the  candy),  which  can  persist  in  the  a[ertaste,  similar  to  the  Kngly  a[ertaste  of  soda-­‐pop.  

•  How  do  you  know  if  a  wine  was  chaptalized  or  acidified?  •  Right  now,  there  are  almost  no  label  requirements  for  menKoning  

acidificaKon  or  chaptalizaKon.  We  suspect  that  if  there  were,  you’d  see  a  surprising  number  of  popular  wines  using  these  addiKves  to  make  their  wines  taste  more  well-­‐balanced.  That  said,  natural  wines  with  no  addiKves  (or  only  sulfur  addiKves)  are  the  only  wines  available  that  won’t  have  acidificaKon  or  chaptalizaKon.  

Page 19: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

How  addiKves  affect  wine  quality  

•  If  you’re  not  spending  over  $20  a  borle  for  wines,  then  it’s  perfectly  okay  to  accept  that  processes  like  chaptalizaKon  and  acidificaKon  are  used  to  produce  decent  tasKng,  good-­‐value  wines.    

•  On  the  other  hand,  if  you’re  looking  for  excepKonal  quality  wines,  addiKves  like  chaptalizaKon  and  acidificaKon  are  clues  that  should  cause  you  to  quesKon  the  quality  of  the  wine  or  vintage.  

Page 20: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Worst  Case  Scenario:  A  Wine  Scandal  

•  In  1985,  German  wine  quality  control  scienKsts  discovered  the  presence  of  a  commercial  solvent,  diethylene  glycol,  in  some  of  their  low-­‐end  wines.  Diethylene  glycol  is  a  sweet-­‐tasKng  toxic  chemical  someKmes  used  in  anK-­‐freeze.  A[er  the  scienKsts  discovered  the  chemical,  they  soon  realized  that  the  German  producers  were  illegally  blending  Austrian  wines  with  theirs.    

•  While  there  were  no  reported  casualKes  and  the  wines  were  pulled  from  the  market,  the  media  scare  caused  a  long-­‐term  fear  in  consumers  over  wine  addiKves.    

•  Don’t  worry,  wine  addiKves  are  now  more  closely  regulated  and  the  naKonal  electronic  archives  maintains  a  list  of  chemicals  that  are  legally  allowed  for  use  in  wine.  

Page 21: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Common  Wine  AddiKves  

•  Food  products  such  as  beer,  juice  and  wine  are  unstable.  Because  of  their  volaKle  nature,  processes  have  been  developed  to  stabilize  food  products  such  as  homogenizing  juice.  In  the  wine  world  there  are  many  different  wine  addi+ves,  some  of  which  have  been  used  for  hundreds  of  years  with  no  ill  effects.  

•  The  intenKon  of  these  addiKves  is  not  to  adulterate  the  wine,  but  to  stabilize  it.  Wines  have  the  potenKal  to  last  longer  when  they  are  stable.  Many  of  these  aren’t  really  addiKves  at  all,  instead  they  glom  (with  molecular  arracKon)  onto  unwanted  parKcles  and  are  removed  from  the  finished  wine.  

Page 22: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Sulfur  

•  Sulfite  sensiKvity  affects  about  1%  of  the  populaKon.  Wine  usually  has  about  150  ppm  of  sulfur  added  whereas  dried  fruit  has  1000  ppm.  

•  Sulfites  are  used  to  kill  unwanted  bacteria  and  yeasts  in  the  winemaking  process.    

•  Since  1987,  American  producers  have  been  required  to  menKon  the  presence  of  sulfur  if  it  exceeds  10  parts  per  million  (ppm)  in  the  finished  wine.    

•  The  EU  recently  passed  a  similar  labeling  law  in  2005.    •  The  laws  are  designed  to  help  protect  the  small  percentage  

of  people  who  are  sensiKve  to  sulfur  and  should  not  be  confused  with  the  myth  that  sulfites  in  wine  can  give  you  a  wine  headache.  

Page 23: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Yeast  •  Yeast  is  a  eukaryoKc  microorganism  that  turns  sugar  into  alcohol.    •  Different  kinds  of  yeast  greatly  affect  the  flavor  of  the  resul@ng  

wine.    •  Some  winemakers  prefer  ambient  yeast  that  is  present  on  their  

winery  equipment  while  other  winemakers  create  a  custom  cocktail  of  cultured  yeasts.    

•  Each  method  has  unique  benefits  depending  on  the  wine  variety.    •  Vitamins!  Yeast  benefits  from  vitamins,  minerals  or  any  chemical  

compound  that  helps  keep  the  yeast  alive  in  grape  juice  during  fermentaKon.    

•  For  instance,  Thiamine  Hydrochloride  is  a  B  Vitamin  which  helps  keep  yeast  happy  in  high  alcohol  wines  over  14%  ABV.  

Page 24: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Tannin  

•  Tannin  is  one  of  the  4  traits  that  makes  wines  age-­‐worthy.  Wine  grapes  are  full  of  seeds  which  are  very  tannic.    

•  The  seeds  are  crushed  with  the  grapes  to  add  structure  to  wine.    

•  Oak  aging  also  adds  small  amounts  of  tannin  as  the  wine  is  exposed  to  the  oak  wood.    

•  While  oak  chips  are  not  as  roman@c  as  a  room  full  of  oak  barrels,  they  are  berer  for  forests  and  are  cheaper  to  transport.  

Page 25: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

 Sugar  •  Chaptaliza+on  is  the  process  of  adding  sugar  to  grape  juice  in  order  

to  increase  the  final  alcohol  level  in  the  finished  wine.    •  Adding  sugar  doesn’t  make  a  wine  sweeter  because  the  sugar  is  

consumed  by  the  yeast  when  it  is  fermented  into  alcohol.    •  ChaptalizaKon  can  add  up  to  3%  ABV  to  a  wine.    •  It  is  legal  in  areas  where  grapes  struggle  with  ripeness,  such  as  

Bordeaux,  France  and  Oregon.  Illegal  in  Some  Areas    

•  Adding  cane  sugar  is  not  legal  in  California,  ArgenKna,  Australia,  Southern  France  and  South  Africa.    

•  Producers  can  add  sugar  rich  grape  concentrate  to  simulate  the  same  results,  as  the  use  of  grape  concentrate  is  not  considered  chaptalizaKon.  

Page 26: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Fining  

Page 27: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Fining  &  Clarifica@on  

•  A[er  a  wine  has  been  freshly  fermented  it  goes  through  a  period  of  stabilizaKon.    

•  The  chemicals  added  during  this  process  are  designed  to  pull  unwanted  characterisKcs  out  of  the  wine.    

•  For  instance,  copper  sulfate  is  added  to  remove  free  sulfur  in  a  wine.    

•  The  copper  has  the  same  effect  as  puSng  a  penny  in  wine  to  remove  undesirable  smells.    

•  A[erwards  the  copper  sulfate  is  removed  from  the  wine.  

Page 28: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Fining  •  For  many  hundreds  of  years  in  Italy  and  France,  winemakers  would  add  an  egg  

white  or  two  to  a  large  barrel  of  wine.    •  The  proteins  in  the  egg  white  would  bind  to  free  proteins  suspended  in  the  wine.    •  A[er  a  short  wait,  the  egg  white  and  free  proteins  would  precipitate  out  of  the  

wine  and  drop  to  the  borom  of  the  barrel.    •  Winemakers  would  strain  the  clear  wine  off  the  top  and  leave  the  sludge.    •  This  process  is  called  Fining  and  Racking.    •  Nowadays,  there  are  more  advanced  ways  of  achieving  the  same  results  including  

numerous  microbial  products  (read:  totally  vegetarian!)  that  perform  the  same  funcKon.    

•  Non-­‐vegetarian  wine  addiKves  are  sKll  widely  used.  Here  are  the  most  common:  •  Albumen  (egg  white):  Fining  agent  for  wine  •  Milk  products  (pasteurized  whole,  skim,  or  half-­‐and-­‐half):  Fining  agent  for  grape  

wine  or  sherry.  To  remove  off  flavors  in  wine  •  Isinglass:  Dried  swim  bladders  of  fish.  To  clarify  wine  •  Gela+n  (food  grade):  To  clarify  juice  or  wine  •  Casein,  potassium  salt  of  casein:  To  clarify  wine  

Page 29: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Acid  Control  

•  The  pH  of  wine  is  crucial  to  how  it  tastes  and  how  long  a  wine  will  last?  On  a  perfect  vintage,  the  wines  will  be  more  naturally  in  balance.  So  what  to  do  when  it’s  not  perfect?    

•  De-­‐acidifiers  Adding  Calcium  Carbonate  (aka  chalk)  to  wine  will  reduce  high  acid  levels  and  increase  the  pH.  This  pracKce  is  common  in  areas  that  have  cooler  weather  and  ripening  is  challenging.    

•  Acidifiers  What  if  there’s  not  enough  acidity?  Tartaric  Acid,  Malic  Acid  and  Citric  Acid  or  any  blend  thereof  could  help  balance  the  wine.  Many  people  claim  they  can  taste  simulated  acids  in  a  wine.  Adding  acid  is  common  with  lower  acidity  grapes  in  warmer  regions.    

Page 30: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Stabilizers  •  Besides  sulfur,  there  are  a  few  other  common  wine  stabilizers.  •  Acetaldehyde  For  color  stabilizaKon  of  juice  prior  to  concentraKon:  

The  amount  used  must  not  exceed  300  ppm,  and  the  finished  concentrate  must  have  no  detectable  level  of  the  material.  This  is  something  that  happens  naturally  in  grapes  although  some  people  claim  it  causes  severe  headaches.  

•  Dimethyl  Dicarbonate  (DMDC)  Used  to  sterilize  and  to  stabilize  wine  as  well  as  dealcoholized  wine.  It  is  approved  for  use  in  the  U.S.,  the  EU,  and  Australia.    

•  While  DMDC  is  poisonous  within  the  hour  it’s  added  (usually  at  borling),  it  hydrolyzes  in  about  a  half-­‐hour.  DMDC  (aka  Velcorin)  is  also  used  in  fresh  orange  juice,  flavored  ice  tea,  and  Gatorade.  

Page 31: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Time  to  Taste!  

Page 32: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Rebholz  Estate  Riesling,  Trocken,  Pfalz,  2016  

•  Alcohol:  11,5  %  vol  |  Acidity:  7,9  g/l  |  Residual  Sugar:  3,1  g/l  

•  The  Riesling  Estate  is  grown  on  sandstone  and  quarz  soils  from  Ganz  Horn  and  other  vineyards  with  the  same  soils.  

•  Ripe,  mineral,  aroma  of  citrus  fruits,  apricot  and  peach.  Typical  of  the  colorful  sandstone  soils  is  the  fine  minerality  and  elegance.  Fresh  and  lively  with  a  perfectly  balanced  acidity.  Perfect  with  fish  and  light  appeKzers.    

•  2016  Vintage:  “To  my  surprise,  given  an  analysis  that  reflects  strong  acidity  and  a  mere  two  grams  of  sugar  (the  closest  this  boSling  has  ever  come  to  the  radical  dryness  of  its  “Ökonomierat”  counterpart),  the  mouthfeel  here  is  downright  plush  as  well  as  substan@al.  But  the  acids  kick  in  efficaciously  and  agreeably  in  the  form  of  bright  fresh  apple  and  lemon,  seXng  up  a  sa@sfying  counterpoint  of  richness  and  anima@on.  Scents  of  apple  blossom  and  sea  breeze  an@cipate  the  inner-­‐mouth  perfume  and  saliva-­‐drawing  salinity  that  persist  into  a  mouthwateringly  sustained,  seemingly  stone-­‐suffused  finish.  Hardly  for  the  first  @me,  Rebholz’s  10,000  boSles  of  basic  Gutsriesling  offer  excep@onal  value.  

•  90  Points”  -­‐  David  Schildknecht,  Vinous.com  -­‐  March,  2019  •  $28  

Page 33: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

St  Christopher,  Riesling  Spatlese,  Piesporter  Goldtröpfchen,  Mosel,  2017  

•  Country:  Germany  Region:  Mosel-­‐Saar-­‐Ruwer  Sub-­‐Region:  Mi;el  Mosel  Appella+on:  Piesport  Grape  Varietal:  Riesling  

•  Mosel  Prädikatswein  –  Spätlese  -­‐  produced  from  Riesling  grapes  grown  in  the  renowned  “Goldtröpfchen”  Einzellage  (single-­‐vineyard).    This  Spätlese  offers  fresh  pear  and  melon  flavors  with  a  touch  of  grapefruit  on  the  finish.    Excellent  as  an  aperiKf  or  with  smoked  ham,  broiled  seafood  or  lighter  fare.  

•  $16  

Page 34: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Fritz  Muller  Rosé,  Rheinhessen,  2018  

•  Produced  from  the  grapes  Portugieser  and  Pinot  Noir,  this  rose  has  aromas  of  ripe  raspberries  and  red  Currents  with  some  so[  citrus  notes  as  well.  Delicious  and  easy  drinking  with  fresh  acidity,  it  is  a  great  accompaniment  to  salty  meats,  seafood,  or  as  a  refreshing  aperiKf.  

•  The  Fritz  Müller  story  began  in  2009  with  a  very  specific  goal  of  breathing  new  life  into  the  tradiKonal  German  grape  variety,  Müller-­‐Thurgau.  Fritz  Müller  is  a  joint  effort  between  Guido  Walter  and  Jürgen  Hofmann.  Guido  Walter  originated  the  idea,  and  Jurgen,  who  comes  from  Appenheim  in  the  Rheinhessen  wine  region,  is  not  just  a  small  winemaker  -­‐  he  is  also  a  big  star.  In  2010  he  was  awarded  three  grapes  in  the  respected  “Gault  Millau”  Wine  Guide,  in  which  they  proclaimed  him  a  rising  star.  

•  "Bright  pink  with  ruby  highlights.  Red  fruit  aromas  such  as  red  currant  &  raspberry.  Vibrant  citrus  notes  on  the  palate,  fruit-­‐driven  with  delicate  spices  and  the  dark  berry  aromas  characterisKc  of  these  varieKes.  Pleasantly  Kngling."~Winery  notes  

•  $19  

Page 35: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Salwey  Pinot  Noir,  Baden,  Germany,  2016  

The  family  winery  is  situated  in  Germany’s  most  sun-­‐drenched  region,  known  as  the  Kaiserstuhl  atop  an  exKnguished  volcano  not  far  from  Switzerland  and  across  the  Rhein  from  Alsace.  ViKcultural  roots  of  the  family  date  back  to  the  18th  century.  The  winery,  however,  was  founded  in  1950  by  Benno  Salwey  in  Oberrotweil.  In  1985  his  son  Wolf-­‐Dietrich  took  charge.  A[er  his  unexpected  passing  in  a  car  accident  in  2011  his  eldest  son  Konrad  assumed  ownership  and  today  is  responsible  for  managing  this  49  hectare  estate.  Although  fully  involved  in  the  family  winery  since  2002,  Konrad  at  first  sorely  missed  the  experience  and  wisdom  of  his  father,  though  he  has  now  developed  a  clear  vision  of  the  wines  he  wants  to  produce  in  the  future.  The  estate  wines  are  produced  from  the  three  Pinot  varetals.  The  whites  are  natural  offered  as  Kabiner  dry  wines  (never  chaptalized)  and  the  red,  offered  simply  as  estate  Pinot  Noir  (rarely  chaptalized  ).  All  are  picked  at  Spätlese  must  weight.  

• Total  Winery  ProducKon:  15,000  cases    • Soil  Decomposed  Volcanic  soil,  Loess  and  Decomposed  Gneiss    • Vine  Age  30  years    • 100%  Dry  • 50%  Stainless  Steel  /  50%  Oak    • Primarily  Natural  yeast  fermentaKon    • PracKcing  Eco  Friendly    • $24  

Page 36: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Preisinger  Blaufrankisch  Kalkundkiesel,  Burgenland,  Austria,  2017    

•  Claus  Preisinger  was  born  in  1980  in  Eisenstadt.  A[er  arending  a  viKcultural  high  school  in  Klosterneuburg,  he  gained  experience  abroad  working  in  Californian  vineyards,  and  then  as  a  winemaker  with  Hans  &  Anita  Nirnaus  for  the  next  three  years.  He  simultaneously  introduced  his  own  first  wines  in  2002.  In  2004  he  was  accepted  into  the  renowned  “Pannobile”  associaKon  of  wineries,  and  then  in  2006  he  converted  his  vineyards  to  biodynamic  winegrowing.    

•  Claus  Preisinger  has  obtained  several  accolades  and  top  scores  from  wine  publicaKons.  He  processes  grapes  from  around  40  ha  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Neusiedl.  

•  Claus  has  been  using  ambient  yeasts  since  2002  as  well  as  lirle  to  no  sulfites.  The  preisinger  wines  are  cerKfied  biodynamic,  which  Claus  takes  very  seriously.  His  commitment  to  the  environment  and  non-­‐intervenKonal  winemaking  shines  through  in  the  superior  wines  he  produces.  

•  Region:  Burgenland  •  Grape  VarieKes:  Blaufränkisch  •  Soil  type:  Gravel,  Limestone  

•  Vessel  type:  Clay  Pot  -­‐  Amphora,  Wood  -­‐  Old  oak  •  Unfined.  •  Unfiltered.  •  No  added  sulphites.  

•  Notes  on  addiKves,  aids  &  processing  used:  •  No  temperature  control.  •  Organic/Biodynamic  

•  Total  Sulphites:  0  mg/L  •  This  wine  is  fermented  spontaneously.  •  $25    

Page 37: Germany,)Austria,)and)Alsace) · 2020. 2. 6. · Mosel) • The)valleys)of)the)Mosel)River)and)its)tributaries,)the)Saar)and)the)Ruwer)(pronounced)RooFvair),) are)the)seng)for)some)of)Germany’s)mostbeauKful)and

Wine  Fi[y  Five  •  All  of  these  wines  are  available  for  sale  by  Wine  Fi[y  Five.  •  There  will  be  a  sales  sheet  on  the  first  presentaKon  that  can  be  

used  for  ordering  your  wines  Wine  Fi[y  Five  or  your  choice  of  retailer.  

•  Anyone  who  is  interested  in  ordering  wine  from  the  class  selecKons  should  turn  in  sheet  at  the  last  class,  or  email  if  you’d  like  wines  earlier.  

•  You  can  purchase  them  by  emailing:  [email protected]  •  Wine  Fi[y  Five  offers  free  home  delivery  for  purchases  of  $100  or  

more.  •  Wines  may  also  be  picked  up  at  our  offices  in  Durham  by  

appointment.  •  10%  discount  for  mixed  case  purchases.  •  919  423-­‐1617  

37