Germany - OECD · Government at a Glance 2017 Country Fact Sheet Germany had a fiscal surplus in...
Transcript of Germany - OECD · Government at a Glance 2017 Country Fact Sheet Germany had a fiscal surplus in...
Government at a Glance 2017
Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Germany had a fiscal surplus in both 2015 and 2016, while OECD countries on averagecontinue to register deficits
The overall government balance in 2015 reached 0.7% of GDP, while OECD countries had on average a deficit of 2.8% in 2015, increasing slightly to a surplus of 0.8% of GDP in 2016 in Germany as growth re-mains solid and the fiscal position of government becomes stronger. The structural primary fiscal balance, adjusted for the economic cycle, one-off fiscal operations and net interest payments, is also positive at 1.5% surplus of potential GDP for 2015, and projected to remain positive through 2017.
Chapter 2. Public finance and economics
General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPGeneral government structural primary balance as a percentage of potential GDPGeneral government projected structural primary balance as a percentage of potential GDP
Germany has improved the performance information that is provided alongside the budget in recent years
It began by introducing targeting revisions of the budget documentation for three federal ministries aimed at enhancing transparency in regard to the broad objectives of government spending and efficiency in imple-mentation. The reformed structure was positively received by parliamentarians and as a result, was rolled out to other ministries via a step-by-step approach.
Chapter 5. Budgeting practices and procedures
Features of performance budgeting frameworkUse of performance budgeting practices at the central level of government
Women have a high participation in politics in Germany
The participation of women in politics is an important feature of an inclusive and diverse political sys-tem. Both in parliament and legislature bodies, the average share of seats held by women for 2017 across OECD countries was 29%. In Germany, the share of women in parliament is even higher: the proportion of women parliamentarians was 37% for the same year. In addition, within the executive branch, while the share of women ministers in 2017 was 28% on average among all OECD countries, in Germany this share reached 33%.
Chapter 3. Public employment and pay
Share of women parliamentarians and legislated gender quotasShare of women ministers
Germany
Fiscal balance*(2015, 2016)
Government expenditures(2015, 2016)
Government gross debt*(2015, 2016)
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts
G@G /dataG@G /data
26134,500
88,70052,700
Middle Managers(D3 positions)
Senior Managers(D1 positions)
SeniorProfessionals
SecretarialPositions
2015USD PPP
150,000
300,000
450,000
231,500
69,500
Germany
130,600175,400
282,700
Annual compensation across central government positions (2015)
Government investment(2015, 2016)
How to read the figures:
Germany
Country value in blue (not represented if not available)
Average of OECD countries in red
Range of OECD country values in grey
Public Finance and Economics
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
24.9%20.1%
Germany
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2015
40.9%
44.3%2016
44.0%2015
Germany
2015
3.2%
2.1%2016
2.1%2015
0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
Germany79.3%2015
76.5% 100%
0%
2016
112%100%
0%
2015
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%
Germany
Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to
data not available
% of GDP
Public Employment
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the compensation of employees in central / federal governments
... and in senior positions (2015)
Source: OECD* See Notes National Accounts
Source: OECD* SNA definition, see Notes National Accounts
Public Sector Compensation
53.0%44.7%Germany
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
32.4%n.a.Germany
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Women in the civil service ...
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
Percentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older
(2015)
General government employmentas % of total employment (2015)
18.1%
10.6%Germany
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Source: OECD National Accounts
-10% 0%-5% +5% +10%
-2.8%
Germany2016
0.8% 0.7%
2015
2015
Budgeting
Women in Government
Extent of delegationof HRM practicesin line ministries
0.80
0.64
Extent of the useof performance
assessmentsin HR decisions
0.76
0.64
Extent of the useof performance
related pay
0.80
0.66
Use of separateHRM practices
for seniorcivil servants
0.430.55
Collectionof administrative
data
0.43
0.68
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1
Germany
G@G /data
Source: OECD (2016) Strategic Human Resources Management Survey
Composite indicators on HRM practices in central government (2016)
Human Resource Management
Composite indices on regulatory governance for primary laws*(2014)
G@G /data
Regulatory governance
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29.1%
50%
34.2%
Germany
Source: OECD National Accounts
General governmentprocurement expenditures
(2015)% of government expenditures
Public Procurement
Support for greenpublic procurement
Some procuring entities have developed an internal strategy/policy
A strategy/policy has been developed at a central level
Support forSMEs
Support for innovativegoods and services
A strategy/policy has been rescinded
There has never been a strategy/policy in place
11 25 1 0 8 24 0 1 9 19 0 6
Germany
Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on Public Procurement
* See Notes Source: OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG)
0.41
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.35Germany
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
Performance budgetingpractices at the central level
of government (2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey of Performance Budgeting
Stakeholderengagement in
developing regulations
2.09 2.09
Regulatory ImpactAssessment for
developing regulations
2.62
2.05
Ex post evaluationof regulations
2.77
1.54
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 4 highest
0
1
2
3
4
Germany
Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Regulatory governance indicators: The results for stakeholder engagement and Regulatory Impact Assessment apply exclusively to processes for developing primary laws initiated by the executive. Data is not applicable to the United States, where all primary laws are initiated by Congress. In the majority of countries, most primary laws are initiated by the executive, except for Mexico and Korea, where a higher share of primary laws are initiated by parliament/congress (respectively 90.6% and 84%). Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
Open Data Digital Government
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
35.6%17.0%
Germany
Individuals using the Internet for sending filled forms via public authorities websites
in the past 12 months (2016)
Source: OECD, ICT database; and Eurostat, Information Society database
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data
(2017)Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Source: OECD (2017) Survey on Open Government Data
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.41
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.55
Germany
Dataavailability
Dataaccessibility
Governmentsupportto re-use
Differences in income inequality pre and post-taxand government transfers (2013)
Germany
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6Higher
inequality
Lowerinequality
Before After
0.51
0.29taxes and transfers
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Before After
0.47
0.32taxes and transfers
Higherinequality
Lowerinequality
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Limited government powers (2016)
0.75
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.85Germany
Source: The World Justice Project
Core Government ResultsSatisfaction and confidence across public services
(2016)
70%
Judicial system Education system
88%20
40
60
80
100
Health care
67%67%55%70%
National government42%55%
Germany
Average
Range
Police77%85%
Source: Gallup World Poll
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Government at a Glance 2017Government at a Glance provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international
comparison of public sector productivity and performance. Indicators on government revenues, expenditures, and employment are presented,
alongside key output and outcome data for education, health and justice. Information on key enablers to increase productivity including on digital
government, budget procedures, strategic human resource management, open government data and innovative practices are also included. In
a context of tight budget constraints in many member countries, good indicators are needed more than ever, in order to help governments make
informed decisions regarding resource allocation and to help restore confidence in government institutions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2017-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2017 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm