German Shepherd - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

7/25/2019 German Shepherd - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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German Shepherd Dog

Other names Alsatian (UK)

Alsatian Wolf Dog (UK)

Berger Allemand

Deutscher Schferhund

Schferhund

Nicknames Alsatian, Deutscher Schferhund, DSH, GSD, Shepherd, Schferhund

Country of origin Germany

Traits

Weight Male 3040 kg (6688 lb)[1][2]

Female 2232 kg (4971 lb)[1][3]

Height Male 6065 cm (2426 in)[1][4]

Female 5560 cm (2224 in)[1][5]

Coat Doublecoat

Colour Most commonly tan with black saddle

Litter size 49[6]

Life span 913 years[7]

Classification / standards

FCI Group 1 Herding

Dogs Section 1

Sheepdogs #166;

Long-haired

166a;

Short-haired

166b

standard (http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/166g01-e

erman Shepherdm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German

pherd

rman:

utscher

ferhund,man pronunciation:

$f%&h'nt]) is aed of medium to

e-sized

king dog that

inated in

many. The

ed's officially

ognized name isman

pherd Dogin

English

guage,

etimes

reviated as

SD", and was

formerly

wn as the

atianandatian Wolf Dog

ritain.[8]The

man Shepherd

relatively new

ed of dog,with

r origin dating

899. As part of

Herding Group,

man Shepherdsworking dogs

eloped

inally for

ding sheep.

ce that time,

wever, because

heir strength,

lligence,

nability and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanShep1_wb.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanShep1_wb.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanShep1_wb.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanShep1_wb.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanShep1_wb.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheephttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-Jewish-culture-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Germanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheephttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-Jewish-culture-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Germanhttp://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/166g01-en.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-longevity-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_(dog)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-USGSD-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-USGSD-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-USGSD-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-USGSD-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GermanShep1_wb.jpg


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AKC Herding/guardian standard (http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/german-shepherd-do

ANKC Group 5

Working Dogs

standard (http://www.ankc.org.au/Breed_Details.aspx?bid=143

CKC Group 7

Herding Dogs

standard (http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/germanshep.ht

KC (UK) Pastoral standard (http://www.the-kennel-

club.org.uk/services/public/breed/display.aspx?id=5106)

NZKC Working standard (http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br528.html)

UKC Herding Dog standard

(http://www.ukcdogs.com/WebSite.nsf/Breeds/GermanShephe

Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

dience, German

pherds around

world are often

preferred breed

many types of

k, including

stance, search-

-rescue, police

military roles,

even acting.[9]

German

pherd is the

ond-most

ular breed of

in the United

es[10]and fourth-most popular in the United Kingdom.[11]

ontents

1 Description

1.1 Intelligence2 Temperament

2.1 Aggression and biting3 Modern breed

3.1 Controversy

4 Use as working dog

5 History

6 Etymology

7 Popularity

8 Health

9 In popular culture

10 See also

11 References

12 Further reading
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#In_popular_culturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Popularityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Use_as_working_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Modern_breedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Controversyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Temperamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Aggression_and_bitinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Descriptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#Intelligencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-intelligenceofdogs-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search-and-rescuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistance_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doghttp://www.ukcdogs.com/WebSite.nsf/Breeds/GermanShepherdDoghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kennel_Clubhttp://www.nzkc.org.nz/br528.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Kennel_Clubhttp://www.the-kennel-club.org.uk/services/public/breed/display.aspx?id=5106https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kennel_Clubhttp://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/germanshep.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Kennel_Clubhttp://www.ankc.org.au/Breed_Details.aspx?bid=143https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_National_Kennel_Councilhttp://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/german-shepherd-dog/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Kennel_Club


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rman Shepherds have black masks

d black body markings.

13 External links

escription

German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs. The breed st

height at the withers is 6065 cm (2426 in) for males and 5560

(2224 in) for females.[1][12][13]The weight standard is 3040 ki

(6688 lb) for males and 2232 kilograms (4971 lb) for femaleThey have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle and a bla

nose. The jaws are strong, with a scissor-like bite. The eyes are m

sized and brown with a lively, intelligent and self-assured look. T

are large and stand erect, open at the front and parallel, but they

are pulled back during movement. They have a long neck, which

raised when excited and lowered when moving at a fast pace. Th

bushy and reaches to the hock.[12]

German Shepherds have a variety of colors, the most common oftan/black and red/black. Most color varieties have black masks and black body markings which can

m a classic "saddle" to an over-all "blanket." Rarer colour variations include the sable, pure-black, pu

te, liver and blue varieties. The all-black and sable varieties are acceptable according to most standar

wever, the blue and liver are considered to be serious faults and the all-white is grounds for instant

ualification from showing in conformation at All Breed and Specialty Shows.[14]

man Shepherds sport a double coat. The outer coat, which sheds all year round, is close and dense w

k undercoat. The coat is accepted in two variants; medium and long. The long-hair gene is recessive

long-hair variety rarer. Treatment of the long-hair variation differs across standards; they are acceptecompeted with standard coated dogs under the German and UK Kennel Clubs while they can compe

dard coated dogs but are considered a fault in the American Kennel Club.[12][14][15]The FCI accept

g-haired type in 2010, listing it as the variety bwhile short-haired type is listed as the variety a. [16]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-akc-index-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-ukkc-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Kennel_Clubhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessive_genehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_coathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-akc-index-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Shepherd_Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanistic_maskhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-ukkc-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hock_(zoology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-ukkc-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-USGSD-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Berger_allemand_en_montagne_2.jpg


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rman Shepherds are medium to

ge sized dogs.

Close-up of a German Shepherd's

face showing the long muzzle, black

nose and brown, medium-sized eyes

female German Shepherd with a

ble color scheme (note the different

ors of the puppies)

The adult German Shepherd's ears

are large and stand erect, but 14-

week-old puppies' ears are often not

completely erect yet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kim_at_14_weeks.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Female_GSD_(Sable).jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deutscher_Sch%C3%A4ferhund-_portrait.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DSHwiki.jpg


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A 7-year old German shepherd

displaying high levels of intel

when completing an obstacle

for military working dogs at U

Army Garrison Stuttgart, Germ

solid black German Shepherd

elligence

man Shepherds were bred specifically for their intelligence,[17]a

for which they are now famous.[9]In the book The Intelligence of

gs, author Stanley Coren ranked the breed third for intelligence,

ind Border Collies and Poodles.[18][19]He found that they had the

ity to learn simple tasks after only five repetitions and obeyed the

command given 95% of the time.[9]Coupled with their strength,

trait makes the breed desirable as police, guard and search and

ue dogs, as they are able to quickly learn various tasks and interpret

ructions better than other large breeds.[20]

mperament

man Shepherds are moderate active dogs and described in breed

dards as self-assured.[14]The breed is marked by a willingness to

n and an eagerness to have a purpose. They are curious, which

kes them excellent guard dogs and suitable for search missions. They

become over-protective of their family and territory, especially if not

alized correctly. They are not inclined to become immediate friends with strangers.[21]German Shep

highly intelligent and obedient.[22]

gression and biting

l-trained and socialized German Shepherds have a reputation of being very safe. However, in the Un

es, one 1996 source suggested that German Shepherds are responsible for more reported bitings than

er breed and have a tendency to attack smaller breeds of dogs.[23]An Australian report from 1999 pr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-akc-index-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_rescue_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-intelligenceofdogs-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poodlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Colliehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Corenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-intelligenceofdogs-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_intelligencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solid_Black_German_Shepherd-_Copy.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Working_Dogs,_Handlers_Share_Special_Bond_DVIDS124942.jpg


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German Shepherds are well re

for their protectiveness over fa

members. (Two German Sheph

with a baby, displaying the br

reputation in many families as

e show-line dogs usually have an

remely sloping topline

stics showing that German Shepherds are the breed third most likely

ttack a person in some Australian locales.[24]

ording to the National Geographic Channel television show

ngerous Encounters, the bite of a German Shepherd has a force of

r 1,060 newtons (238 lbf) (compared with that of a Rottweiler, over

801,460 newtons (265328 lbf), a Pit bull, 1,050 newtons (235 lbf),

abrador Retriever, of approximately 1,000 newtons (230 lbf), or a

man, of approximately 380 newtons (86 lbf)).[25]

odern breed

modern German Shepherd breed is criticized by some for straying

y from von Stephanitz's original ideology for the breed:[26]that

man Shepherds should be bred primarily as working dogs and that breeding should be strictly contro

minate defects quickly.[27]He believed that, above all else, German Shepherds should be bred for inte

working ability.[28]Although the show dogs have been bred for traits that do not help or even hurt th

king abilities, and many pets have been misbred by irresponsible breeders who have caused many di

he breed, the working dogs, such as the ones used by police and militaries, have maintained their

ormance and stuck to the original intentions of the breed.

me critics believe that careless breeding has promoted disease and other defects.[26]Under the breedi

grams overseen by von Stephanitz, defects were quickly bred out.

ntroversy

The Kennel Club, in the United Kingdom, is involved in a disput

German Shepherd breed clubs about the issue of soundness in th

strain breed.[29][30]The show-strains have been bred with an ext

sloping topline (back) that causes poor gait in the hind legs. Wor

pedigree lines, such as those in common use as service dogs, gen

retain the traditional straight back of the breed.

The debate was catalyzed when the issue was raised in the BBC

documentary, Pedigree Dogs Exposed, which said that critics of

breed describe it as "half dog, half frog". An orthopedic vet remafootage of dogs in a show ring that they were "not normal".

The Kennel Club's position is that "this issue of soundness is not

ple difference of opinion, it is the fundamental issue of the breed's essential conformation and

vement."[29]The Kennel Club has decided to retrain judges to penalize dogs suffering these problem

also insisting on more testing for hemophilia and hip dysplasia, other common problems with the br

e as working dog
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German Shepherd at an agility

competition

A German Shepherd swimmin

man Shepherds are a popular selection for use as working dogs.

y are especially well known for their police work, being used for

king criminals, patrolling troubled areas and detection and holding of

pects. Additionally thousands of German Shepherds have been used

he military. Usually trained for scout duty, they are used to warn

iers to the presence of enemies or of booby traps or other

ards.[32]German Shepherds have also been trained by military

ups to parachute from aircraft[33]or as anti-tank weapons. They were

d in World War II as messenger dogs, rescue dogs and personal guards.[28]A number of these dogs were taken home by foreign

icemen, who were impressed by their intelligence.[28]

German Shepherd is one of the most widely used breeds in a wide

ety of scent-work roles. These include search and rescue, cadaver

ching, narcotics detection, explosives detection, accelerant detection

mine detection dog, among others. They are suited for these lines of

k because of their keen sense of smell and their ability to work

ardless of distractions.[32]At one time the German Shepherd was theed chosen almost exclusively to be used as a guide dog for the

ally impaired. When formal guide dog training began in Switzerland

he 1920s under the leadership of Dorothy Eustis, all of the dogs

ned were German Shepherd females.[34]An experiment in

perament testing of a group of Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds showed that the Retrieve

ed higher on average in emotional stability and ability to recover promptly from frightening situation

perative behavior and friendliness; while the German Shepherds were superior in aggression and def

avior. These results suggested that Labrador Retrievers were more suited to guide dog work while G

pherds were more suited to police work.[35]Currently, Labradors and Golden Retrievers are more wd for this work, although there are still German Shepherds being trained. In 2013, about 15% of the d

ned by Guide Dogs of America are German Shepherds, while the remainder are Labrador Retrievers

den Retrievers.[36]The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association in the United Kingdom states that cros

ween Golden Retrievers and Labrador Retrievers make the best guide dogs, although they also train s

man Shepherds, as well as some other breeds.[37]Guide Dogs for the Blind in the United States train

rador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers and crosses between these breeds.[38]Guide Dogs Queensland i

tralia also trains only Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers.[39]

man Shepherds are still used for herding and tending sheep grazing in meadows next to gardens and

ds. They are expected to patrol the boundaries to keep sheep from trespassing and damaging the crop

many and other places these skills are tested in utility dog trials also known as HGH

rdengebrauchshund) herding utility dog trials.[40]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-Hartnagle-Taylor_and_Ty_Taylor-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Retrieverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrador_Retrieverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Eustishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-Strickland-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_acceleranthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_detectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcoticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_dog#Cadaver_dogshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_rescue_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-Strickland-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Shepherd_Dog_swimming.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Shepherd_Dog_agility_teeter.jpg


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German night-watchman from

50 with his German Shepherd

Swedish German Shepherds during

demonstrations in Stockholm on

National Day 2007

ban Search and Rescue Task Force

g works to uncover survivors at the

e of the collapsed World Trade

nter after the September 11, 2001

acks

A German Shepherd Military

Working Dog locates hidden

explosives inside a car during a

training exercise

Mexican German Shepherd, Zuyaqui, was dissected and his body put on display at the Sedena's "Nseum" in Mexico. He is regarded to be the dog who has captured the most drugs in Mexican police a

tary history.[41]

story

urope during the 1850s, attempts were being made to standardize breeds.[42]The dogs were bred to

erve traits that assisted in their job of herding sheep and protecting flocks from predators. [28]In Ger

was practiced within local communities, where shepherds selected and bred dogs. It was recognized
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-gsd-history-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-41https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narco_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedenahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuyaquihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_070329-N-4965F-004_Military_working_dog,_Arpi,_a_5-year-old_German_Shepherd,_locates_hidden_explosives_inside_of_a_car_during_a_training.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_attackshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:French_Urban_Search_and_Rescue.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_holiday_of_Swedenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd_Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swedish_police_dogs.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-08408-0002,_VEG_Joachimshof,_Nachtw%C3%A4rter_mit_Hund.jpg


9/19

stration of a German Shepherd

m 1909

Two male German Shepherds

ed had the necessary skills for herding sheep, such as intelligence, speed, strength and keen senses of

ll.[28]The results were dogs that were able to do such things, but that differed significantly, both in

earance and ability, from one locality to another.[42]

To combat these differences, the Phylax Society was formed in 1

with the intention of creating standardised development plans for

dog breeds in Germany.[28]The society disbanded after only thre

due to ongoing internal conflicts regarding the traits in dogs that

society should promote;[28]some members believed dogs shouldsolely for working purposes, while others believed dogs should b

also for appearance.[43]While unsuccessful in their goal, the Phy

Society had inspired people to pursue standardising dog breeds

independently.

With the rise of large, industrialized cities in Germany, the preda

population began to decline, rendering sheepdogs unnecessary.[2

same time, the awareness of sheepdogs as a versatile, intelligent

ne began to rise.[28]Max von Stephanitz, an ex-cavalry captain and former student of the Berlin Vet

lege, was an ex-member of the Phylax Society who firmly believed dogs should be bred for working

mired the intelligence, strength and ability of Germany's native sheepdogs, but could not find any one

ed that satisfied him as the perfect working dog.[28]

899, Von Stephanitz was attending a dog show when he was shown a

namedHektor Linksrhein.[28]Hektor was the product of few

erations of selective breeding and completely fulfilled what Von

phanitz believed a working dog should be. He was pleased with thength of the dog and was so taken by the animal's intelligence, loyalty

beauty, that he purchased him immediately.[42]After purchasing the

he changed his name to Horand von Grafrath and Von Stephanitz

nded the Verein fr Deutsche Schferhunde (Society for the German

pherd Dog).[42]Horand was declared to be the first German

pherd Dog and was the first dog added to the society's breed

ster.[28]

and became the centre-point of the breeding programs and was bredh dogs belonging to other society members that displayed desirable

s and with dogs from Thuringia, Franconia and Wurttemberg.[28]

hering many pups, Horand's most successful wasHektor von

waben.[28][44]Hektor was inbred with another of Horand's offspring

producedHeinz von Starkenburg,Beowulfand Pilot, who later

ered a total of eighty-four pups, mostly through being inbred with

tor's other offspring.[28]This inbreeding was deemed necessary in

er to fix the traits being sought in the breed.[28]

In the original German Shepherd studbook, Zuchtbuc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-44https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurttemberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuringiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-gsd-history-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verein_f%C3%BCr_Deutsche_Sch%C3%A4ferhundehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horand_von_Grafrathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-gsd-history-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_von_Stephanitzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-training-rice-43https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylax_Societyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-gsd-history-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Shepherd_Dogs..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Shepherd_Portrait.jpg


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German Shepherd Dogs. Fem

(left), Male (right).

German Shepherd

tsche Schferhunde (SZ), within the two pages of entries from SZ No. 41 to SZ No. 76, there are fou

sses.[45]Beowulf's progeny also were inbred and it is from these pups that all German Shepherds dra

etic link. It is believed the society accomplished its goal mostly due to Von Stephanitz's strong,

ompromising leadership and he is therefore credited with being the creator of the German Shepherd

ymology

breed was namedDeutscher Schferhundby von Stephanitz,

ally translating to "German Shepherd Dog". The breed was somed due to its original purpose of assisting shepherds in herding and

ecting sheep. At the time, all other herding dogs in Germany were

rred to by this name; they thus became known asAltdeutsche

ferhundeor Old German Shepherd Dogs.

direct translation of the name was adopted for use in the official

ed registry; however, at the conclusion of World War I, it was

eved that the inclusion of the word "German" would harm the

ed's popularity,[47]due to the anti-German sentiment of the era.[48]breed was officially renamed by the UK Kennel Club to "Alsatian

f Dog",[47]after the French-German border area of Alsace-

raine.[28]This name was also adopted by many other international kennel clubs.

ntually, the appendage "wolf dog" was dropped,[47]after numerous campaigns by breeders who wer

ried that becoming known as a wolf-dog hybrid would affect the breed's popularity and legality.[28]T

me Alsatian remained for five decades,[47]until 1977, when successful campaigns by dog enthusiasts

sured the British kennel clubs to allow the breed to be registered again as German Shepherds.[8]The

satian" still appeared in parentheses as part of the formal breed name and was only removed in 2010

pularity

When the UK Kennel first accepted registrations for the breed in 1919, fi

dogs were registered and by 1926 this number had grown to over 8,000.

breed first gained international recognition after the decline of World Wa

returning soldiers spoke highly of the breed and animal actors Rin Tin TStrongheart popularised the breed further.[50]The first German Shepherd

registered in the United States was Queen of Switzerland; however, her o

suffered from defects as the result of poor breeding, which caused the br

suffer a decline in popularity during the late 1920s.[50]

Popularity increased again after the German Shepherd Sieger Pfeffer von

became the 1937 and 1938 Grand Victor in American Kennel club dog s

only to suffer another decline at the conclusion of World War II, due to a

German sentiment of the time.[50]As time progressed, their popularity in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-25-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-25-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-25-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronghearthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-gsd-history-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kennel_Clubhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-Jewish-culture-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-22-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-dog_hybridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-22-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-kern-history-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace-Lorrainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-22-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-rice-12-48https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment#First_World_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-22-47https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_German_Shepherd_Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-45https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buck_The_GSD.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Shepherds_in_ravine.jpg


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A 9-week-old German Shephe

puppy

A German Shepherd with a fo

dually until 1993, when they became the third most popular breed in the United States. As of 2012, th

man Shepherd is the second most popular in the US.[50][51]Additionally, the breed is typically amon

t popular in other registries.[50]The German Shepherd Dog's physique is very well suited to athletic

mpetition. They commonly compete in shows and competitions such as agility trials.

ealth

ny common ailments of the German Shepherds are a result of the

eeding practiced early in the breed's life (although this was

essary to preserve other traits for the breed).[52]One such common

ment is hip and elbow dysplasia which may lead to the dog

eriencing pain in later life and may cause arthritis.[53]A study

ducted by the University of Zurich found that 45% of the police

king dogs were affected by degenerative spinal stenosis, although

sample studied was small.[54]The Orthopedic Foundation for

mals found that 19.1% of German Shepherd are affected by hip

plasia.[55]Due to the large and open nature of their ears, Germanpherds are not prone to ear infections because there is no hair in the

er ear canal to hold debris or moisture.[56]According to a recent

vey in the UK, the median life span of German Shepherds is 10.95

rs,[7]which is normal for a dog of their size.

enerative myelopathy, a neurological disease, occurs with enough

ularity specifically in the breed to suggest that the breed is

disposed to it. A very inexpensive DNA saliva test is now available to

en for Degenerative Myelopathy. The test screens for the mutatede that has been seen in dogs with degenerative myelopathy. A small

y in the UK showed 16% of young asymptomatic GSDs to be

mozygous for the mutation, with a further 38% being carriers.[57]Now that a test is available the dise

red out of breeds with a high preponderance. The test is only recommended for predisposed breeds,

erformed on DNA from any dog on samples collected through swabbing the inside of the animal's c

h a sterile cotton swab. Now that there is a test available, prospective German Shepherd buyers can r

test from the breeder or buy from a breeder known to test their dogs. [58]

ditionally, German Shepherds have a higher than normal incidence of Von Willebrand disease, a com

erited bleeding disorder.[59]Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), a degenerative disease of the pa

estimated that 1% of the UK GSD population suffers from this disease.[60]Treatment is usually in t

ancreatic supplements being given with food.

popular culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-60https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocrine_pancreatic_insufficiencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-59https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Willebrand_diseasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-58https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-57https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_myelopathyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-longevity-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-56https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_canalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-55https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopedic_Foundation_for_Animalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-54https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zurichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-53https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow_dysplasiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_agilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-25-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-51https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Shepherd#cite_note-palika-25-50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(association_football)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:File-Pastor_A_F%C3%AAmea.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fritzi_GSD_puppy.jpg


12/19

Strongheart, one of th

earliest canine stars

man Shepherds have been featured in a wide range of media.[61]In 1921 Strongheart became one of

iest canine film stars, and was followed in 1922 by Rin Tin Tin, who is

sidered the most famous German Shepherd. Both have stars on the

lywood Walk of Fame.[62]German Shepherds were used in the popular

adian series The Littlest Hobo. Batman's dog Ace the Bat-Hound appeared

he Batman comic books, initially in 1955,[63]through 1964.[64]Between

4 and 2007, his appearances were sporadic. A German Shepherd called

pector Rex, is the star of Austrian Police procedural drama program, which

n many awards, where German Shepherd Rex assists the Vienna

minalpolizei homicide unit.[65]The show was aired in many languages.[66]

e also

Czechoslovakian VlcakA breed recognized by the FCI, originating by acrossing of 48 German Shepherd Dogs and 4 Carpathian wolvesKing ShepherdA breed not recognized by any major kennel club,originating from German Shepherd Dogs

Shiloh ShepherdA breed not recognized by any major kennel club,originating from German Shepherd DogsWhite ShepherdA breed recognized by the UKC in the United States,originating from white-coated German Shepherd DogsWhite Swiss Shepherd Dog (Berger Blanc Suisse)A breed recognised by the FCI, originating frwhite-coated German Shepherd DogsList of dog breeds with photos

eferences

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population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK". Canine Genetics and Epidemiology1: 10. doi:10.1186/205

1-10.

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1. "List of films with German Shepherds".

2. Choron, p. 40

3. Irvine, Alex; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1950s".DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kinder

p. 77. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. "BatmanNo. 92 (July 1955) Once Superman had a dog, Batman got one too, i

the Bat-Hound!" In the story by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff, Batman and Robin found a Germ

Shepherd called Ace."

4. "Ace the Bat-Hound appearances". Retrieved 15 September 2014.

5. [1] (http://www.betafilm.com/rex/) Archived

(https://web.archive.org/web/20150714212921/http://www.betafilm.com/rex/) 14 July 2015 at the Wayback Ma

6. rexchienfc.net (http://www.rexchienfc.net/)
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Wikimedia Commons

media related to Germ

Shepherd Dog.

urther reading

Brazil-Adelman, Dr. Mary Belle (2000). The German Shepherd Dog Handbook. Hauppauge, NY:Barron's Educational. ISBN 0-7641-1332-1.Cree, John (1977). Training the Alsatian, the Obedient Companion or Working Partner. Pelham. I7207-0993-8."Extended Breed Standard of The German Shepherd Dog" (PDF). German Shepherd Dog Council Australia in conjunction with Australian National Kennel Council. 26 March 2012 [3 February 20

Retrieved 10 February 2014.Harder, Aimee. "GSD vs. WGSD It's not a black or white issue!". White German Shepherd Doof America. Retrieved 8 February 2014.Hart, Ernest H. (1985). The German Shepherd Dog. New Jersey: T. F. H. ISBN 0-86622-031-3.Rice, Dan (1999). Training Your German Shepherd Dog. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's. ISBN 0-7641Stevens, Katrina (2002). The German Shepherd Dog. Willow Creek Press. ISBN 1-57223-512-8.von Stephanitz, Max; Revised by Schwabacher, Joseph (1994). The German Shepherd Dog in WoPicture. Hoflin Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-99932-80-05-7.Willis, Malcolm (1976). The German Shepherd Dog: Its History, Development and Genetics. K anBooks. ISBN 0-903264-15-3.

"FCI Standard No 166 Translated by German Shepherd Dog Council of Australia". Australian NaKennel Council. 20 August 2013 [23 March 1991]. Retrieved 10 February 2014.

xternal links

Verein fr Deutsche Schferhunde e.V.(http://www.schaeferhunde.de/site/news/) The original registrarof the German Shepherd Dog

rieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_Shepherd&oldid=701324282"

egories: German shepherds Dog breeds Dog breeds originating in Germany Herding dogs

olf-dog hybrids

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