German-Japanese CooperationDESD

Decade of Education for Sustainable Development

2006 ACCU International Exchange Programme under the UNESCO-Japan Funds-

in-Trust for the Promotion of International Cooperation

and Mutual Understanding

Sustainable Berlin Sustainable Berlin

Transport System- Transport System- Economic and Economic and

Ecological Ecological ImplicationsImplications

1. Sustainable Education

1.1 Curriculum for geography in Berlin´s secondary schools

•Education for Sustainable Development plays an important role

• for a deeper understanding the strategies of sustainability should be put into action by pupils

• Learning about sustainability is practical learning

- positive examples - experiences - environment - friendly

• practical learning in everyday life – learning process becomes more plausible

• That means for our students:

- active participation in and organization of school life- responsible consumption- acting in solidarity towards the disadvantaged- asking questions concerning the future

1.1.1 Geography Grade 11: Mobility 1.1.1 Geography Grade 11: Mobility and and Transport Transport• geography projects in 11th grade – study of the

future capabilities of the Berlin public transport system• understand sustainability in traffic

• sustainable development – economic, ecological and social system are coordinated in a way that the natural basis of life is preserved for future generations

• sustainability in traffic -minimize damages and risks for the environment

• a long-term preservation of the natural basis of living is ensured

• protection of flora and fauna• economically, traffic should contribute to guaranteeing jobs and economic success• shortage of natural and financial resources – consistently improve efficiency • resources have to be used more efficiently

2. Mobility and Transport in Berlin2.1 Transport situation in Berlin• until 1939 an efficient transport system of trains, subways,trams and buses developed • separation of transport system in 1949 – different development in both parts of the city

• 1990 – Berlin became the capital city – two transport systems had to be joined together

• big economic and technical challenge – the opportunity to mind a sustainable development of transport in Berlin and its surroundings

2.2 Change of traffic parameters

• Most local authorities of metropolises are confronted with increasing problems of congestion and pollution due to the steady growth of urban motorized traffic.

• emissions of carbon dioxide, air pollution and noise - carbon dioxide emissions increased from 17.2 to 22.9% between the years 1990 and 2000

• by 2010 transport will be the largest single contributor to greenhouse gas emissions

TrafficTraffic

population and homes population and homes urban structureurban structure

budgetbudget

possibilities of transport and costs

possibilities of transport and costs

global economicnetwork

global economicnetwork

technicaldevelopment

technicaldevelopment

organization of world ofemployment

organization of world ofemployment

2.2.1 Dilemma of traffic policy

• wrong reaction to the increase in traffic – extension and improvement of the road network

• declining demand for public transportation would set off a downward spiral leading to a greater volume of motorized traffic and there- fore a higher burden on the environment

Decreasing attractiveness of public transport and decreasing demand

less cost-coverance, higher deficits

higher fares, less stops, less frequent trains and buses, stoppage of ancillary railways

decreasing attractiveness of public transport, because it seems to be too expensive, slow, rare connections, bad condition of vehicles, unsafe at night

increasing volume of traffic, increasing demand of parking space, car-friendly shopping areas and workplaces

need for further investments in roads, introduction of „intelligent guidance systems“

increasing attractiveness of cars, because it seems to be cheap, independent, flexible, safer and faster

Extension and improvement of road network, removal of bottlenecks

2.3 Transport development planning

2.3.1 mobil2010

• Berlin´s new urban transport development plan• integrated strategy aims to fulfil future mobility needs of inhabitants • meet ambitious standards set for sustainable urban transport by- putting priorities on the maintenance of the existing infrastructure instead of expansion- using infrastructure more efficiently- promoting public transport, walking and cycling- 32% in Berlin of all trips are made on foot or by bicycle

- 27% by public transport- 41% by cars or motorcycles

• city´s budget is limited – confronting the city´s government with a major challenge

• mobil2010 aims to achieve its goals in the following areas:

- form and keep compact urban structures - free the inner city from through-traffic- extend local public transport system and parking management

Cycling in Berlin

• bicycle route network - 800 kilometers

• mobil2010 - the city will promote cycling and will increase the potential for bicycle use • for instance by making it possible to transport bicycles on both regional and suburban trains and on the underground• the target is to increase the modal split for cycling from now 10% to 20% in the year 2015

Public Transport

• modernisation of public transport vehicles has been carried out continuously since reunification

- BVG has introduced soot filters for 1000 of 1400 buses- new buses which already fulfil Euro V standards are now in service- trams have been refurbished- new low-floor trams have been introduced- tram tracks have been renewed- infrastructure measures in the tram network focus on links with other forms of public transport

- new ticket ideas will replace the paper ticket- the metrocard will combine the BVG ticket with a car sharing concept- lifts have been installed in many train stations to give better access for people with disabilities and elderly people

Traffic Calming and Parking

• 70% of Berlin´s road network – speed limit of 30 km/h

• main roads – 50 km/h

• in residential areas speed reductions have been extended• traffic calming areas are being enlarged continuously

• on-street parking charges have been introduced in selected inner city and shopping areas

2.3.2 Agenda 21

• What is Agenda 21? workplan for the 21st century – signed by 178 countries at the UN Conference for Environment and Development in Rio in 1992

- enough jobs- healthy environment- social teamwork- use the earth‘s resources efficiently

• goals are:

• Agenda Forum – combination of representatives from social groups and organisations

The Action Areas in Berlin are:

• transport/ mobility• climate protection

• social urban development/ social cohesion• participation of citizens

• future work, sustainable regional development potential

• structural change toward an information society• education• Berlin in One World • gender fairness

My main Topic: Sustainable development in public transport

• vision of Berlin as a city of sustainable mobility - city of minimized transport needs- people and goods reach their everyday destinations without problems

• equal opportunities are available to all genders and social groups

Public and non-motorized transit is attractive, comfortable, simple to use and is well-adapted to

the routines of everyday life.

The Local Agenda 21 names the following measures:

• increase attractiveness and safety for pedestrians and cyclists

• increase attractiveness of public transport systems• support environmentally-friendly freight transport• traffic calming

• reduction of air traffic

2.4 Berlin public transport

• Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB) – system of collaboration between the various public transport providers

• 3.3 million passengers in Berlin

• 1.7 million passengers in Brandenburg

• Berlin – S-Bahn and BVG

2.4.1 S-Bahn – Urban Trains

• biggest part of the S-Bahn network has existed for 100 years • now existing 331 km have been refurbished

during the last decade

- S-Bahn serves the city area of Berlin- connects it with the surrounding region- rapid city transport system provides high transport capacities- is able to move large flows of traffic over large distances at high speeds

• about 1 million passengers use the 16 lines every day

2.4.2 BVG – Berlin Transport Company

The BVG provides subways, buses, tramsand ferries.

U – Bahn (Subway)

• started in 1902 – one of the most modern subway systems in all of Europe

- well-known for its high levels of performance- emphasis on environmental responsibility

• nine subway lines – 152 kilometers

Buses

• January 1847 – first bus company with 20 carriages and 120 horses serving 5 lines• 1929 – more than 620 buses• today: - 150 daytime bus lines- 54 night lines- length of the Berlin bus network amounts to 1626 kilometers during the day

• in the inner city are special bus lanes – can only be used by buses, taxis and bicycles

1898

2005

Trams

• Trams are a major feature of the landscape in many parts of the city• 187.7 km of tram tracks in Berlin

• Trams feature- outstanding speed- safety- punctuality- reliability

The environmental friendliness of the trams is especially important for the highly polluted inner city.

2.4.3 Umweltkarte – Environment Ticket

• the VBB offers the Umweltkarte (Environment Ticket) available as a monthly or yearly pass

• you can use buses, trams, subways, urban trains and ferries • the Environment Ticket is very cheap, compared to buying day tickets, can used around the clock

• pass is transferrable • on weekdays from 8 pm to 3 am and on weekends you can take along one adult or three children free of charge• for a small charge you can take along your bike

2.5 Conclusion2.5 Conclusion

• The share of motorized individual The share of motorized individual transport in Berlin is still too high. transport in Berlin is still too high. Especially the inner city area must be Especially the inner city area must be relieved from burdens of traffic relieved from burdens of traffic conditions such as noise and exhaust conditions such as noise and exhaust fumes. The City Administration has fumes. The City Administration has developed different plans supporting developed different plans supporting non-motorized transport.non-motorized transport.

Some of the measures are:Some of the measures are:

- „- „bike + ride“ facilities at rail and bike + ride“ facilities at rail and subway stationssubway stations

- „park + ride“ facilities- „park + ride“ facilities

- transport of bikes on trams and trains- transport of bikes on trams and trains

- priority signaling for trams …- priority signaling for trams …

The catalogue of measures must still The catalogue of measures must still be developed further with respect of be developed further with respect of sustainability.sustainability.

2.6 Impressions of transport in the 2.6 Impressions of transport in the inner city of Berlininner city of Berlin

YOU CAN BE A HERO YOU CAN BE A HERO WITHOUT WITHOUT

DEVASTATING THE DEVASTATING THE EARTH. EARTH.

Nicolas Boileau-DespreauxNicolas Boileau-Despreaux