German Expressionism's influence on China's 5th Generation Filmmakers
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German Expressionism’s influence on China’s 5th Generation Filmmakers and their continued relevance in Cinema today
Prepared by: Chow Zhengjie Andrew (14248)Class: Diploma in Animation ANN03B
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Abstract
Brief history of German Expressionism and Early Chinese Cinema
German Expressionism’s influence on 5th Generation Chinese Filmmakers
Comparison of 1 film from each film movement
Continued relevancy in contemporary filmmaking
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What makes a movie?
Moving images paired with sound or not
Audio and Visual storytelling
Storytelling that reveals more about ourselves and the societies we live in.
German Expressionism and China’s 5th Generation Filmmakers have sought to reflect their respective societies via film and metaphorical storytelling as their medium.
However, is film/TV a serious reflection of life or mere entertainment?
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Introduction to German ExpressionismExpressionism: to “squeeze out” the essence of something or someone
and crafting it into a visually recognizable form
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German Expressionism Continued
Takes its name from the expressionist movement in modern art during the early 20th Century
Features themes of revolt, self-analysis, madness and primitive, sexual savagery (Courthion, 1968, pages 7-9, cited in Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts, Hayward S, 2000)
Thrived on a ban on foreign films and support from German government post World War I.
Mise-en-Scence (French:” to put in scene”) is everything
Camerawork is usually functional over spectacular
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Mise-en-Scence“the film image must become graphic art” –Hermann Warm (set designer on The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and many other films)
Setting
Lighting
Costumes
Actors
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Fritz Lang and Metropolis
Film
Every scene premeditated
Strong socio-political undertones
Social oppression and the desire for equality in life
Imagery
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The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Film as propaganda
Heavily influenced by Nazi propaganda cinema (successor to German Expressionism)
Turmoil and oppression
PLA’s purge of intellectuals, artists, bureaucrats and suspected proponents of “Western” thinking
Destroyed many previous developments in various fields.
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Post Cultural Revolution and the 5th Generation filmmakers
Economic Reforms
China under Deng Xiaoping became highly industrious
Chinese cinema rejuvenates
Film Education
Beijing Film Academy reopens
Exposed students to foreign films
Encouraged analysis and discussion
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Zhang Yimou’s : “Raise the Red Lantern”
Themes
Gender oppression
Class differences
Societal acceptance and adherence to ‘outdated’ practices and traditions
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ComparisonRaise the Red
Lantern
Application of Mise-en-Scence
Strong socio-cultural and political undertones
Focus on storytelling to reflect societal issues
Lacked governmental support (banned in China)
Metropolis
Application of Mise-en-Scène
Strong socio-political undertones
Focus on storytelling to reflect societal issues
Enjoyed political support from the then increasingly popular Nazi party
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Further Comparison
Scene from Raise the Red Lantern
Olympia, 1863, Oil on canvas, 130.5 x 190cm by Edouard Manet
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Is film/TV a serious reflection of life or mere entertainment?
Must connect with the audience in some way
Reflect, analyze/comment on reality in some way
Distinct visual imagery that accentuates storytelling
Even comedy is based on some absurdity in life
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Biblography
Thompson K. & Bordwell D. (2010) Film History: An Introduction, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill International Edition.
Koushu H.H. (2010) Metro Movies: Cinematic Urbanism in Post-Mao China. Southern Illinois University Press.
Arnheim R. (1997) Film Essays and Criticism (Wisconsin Studies in Film) London, England: University of Wisconsin Press
Hayward S. (2000) Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts, 2nd Edition. New York, Routledge Key Guides
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Bibliography
Jacques M (2013) The Cabinet of Dr Caligari with Martyn Jacques: live review. Silent London, [ONLINE] Available at: http://silentlondon.co.uk/2012/07/30/the-cabinet-of-dr-caligari-with-martyn-jacques-live-review/ (accessed 14 Sept 2013)
MovieManiac14’s Flim Blog (2013) Top 10 Movies with the Best Cinematography. [ONLINE] Available at: http://moviemaniac14.blogspot.ssg/2011/03/top-10-movies-with-best-cinematography.html (accessed 14 Sept 2013)
Anne R (2012) Atkinson says goodbye to beloved character “Mr Bean” [ONLINE] Available at: www.tvrage.com/news/3447/atkinson-says-goodbye-to-beloved-character-mr-bean (accessed 14 Sept 2013)