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Overview

JTAC

DCAOC

MIDS/Link16

CRC SIA

SEWOC

Orbit (CAP)

JOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM +

CESMO

TIP

MESSAGE /

TUNE REPLY

MESSAGE

CESMO

TUNE

MESSAGE

J-REAP

J 3.7 „EW Product Information“

J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“

(J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

VMF

(BLOS)

K 2.27 „CAS

Request“

VMF

(BLOS)

K 2.32 „CAS

Request

Acceptance“

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

4.

J 12.0

„Mission

Assignment“

TAC SAT

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

VMF/Link 16 Gateway

(ASOC Gateway)

CESMO/Link 16 Gateway

CESMO

TUNE

MESSAGE

CESMO

TIP

MESSAGE /

TUNE REPLY

MESSAGE

J-REAP

J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“

ASOC (AOCC)CESMO

CP

IP

VMF (LOS)

K 02.34 „Aircraft On-

Station Report“

VMF (LOS)

K02.35 „Aircraft

Depart Initial Point“

VMF (LOS)

K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew

Briefing“

J 12.0

DEU UNIT

TARGETRequest for

Fire Support

2

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Does it work already?

Operational benefits by“combining”

mission specific data links.

3

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Link 16

4

DaCAS - VMF & IDM

CESMO

Airborne Prototype

„Data Links“

Agenda

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Ex TIMBER EXPRESS

Challenges

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• Tactical Data Link

• TDMA-based

• Secure and jam resistant

• Line-of-sight

• BLOS via JREAP or SIMPLE

• J-series messages

5

Link 16 - Definition

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access BLOS: Beyond Line-Of-Sight JREAP: Joint Range Extension Application Protocol

SIMPLE: Standard Interface for Multiple-Link Evaluation

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• Precise Participant Location and Identification

• Surveillance

• Command

➢ Mission Management

➢ Weapons Coordination

• (Aircraft) Control

• Electronic Warfare & Coordination

6

Link 16 – Functional Areas

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Digitally-aided Close Air Support

• Close Air Support

➢ Air action by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets, that are in close proximity to friendly forces, and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces.

➢ Requires excellent coordination with ground forces-

• Digital data exchange between the Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) and aircraft without dataflow disruption via:

➢ Crypted V/UHF radio data communication

➢ Variable Message Format (VMF)

7

DaCAS - Definition

CAS: Close Air Support DaCAS: Digitally-aided Close Air Support JTAC: Joint Terminal Attack Controller VMF: Variable Message Format

V/UHF: Very/Ultra High Frequency

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VMF - Definition

Variable Message Format

• Tactical Data Link?

• K-series messages

➢ Message body: MIL-STD-6017 (in the future?: STANAG 5519 – ATDLP 5.19)

• Application header

➢ MIL-STD-2045-47001

• Part of the J-series messages

• Message format is fixed

➢ Fixed message data fields

• Message size is variable

➢ Only data fields containing data will be transmittedSTANAG: Standardization Agreement ATDLP: Allied Tactical Data Link Publication MIL-STD: Military Standard

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VMF - FADs

Functional Area Designators

• FAD 00 Network Control

• FAD 01 General Information Exchange

• FAD 02 Fire Support

• FAD 03 Air Operations

• FAD 04 Intelligence Operations / Imagery

• FAD 05 Land Combat Operations

• FAD 06 Maritime Operations

• FAD 07 Combat Service Support

• FAD 08 Special Operations

• FAD 09 Joint Task Force (JTF) Operations Control

• FAD 10 Air Defence / Airspace ControlVMF: Variable Message Format FAD: Functional Area Designators

JTF: Joint Task Force

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VMF – Use Case

Functional Area Designators

• FAD 00 Network Control

• FAD 01 General Information Exchange

• FAD 02 Fire Support

• FAD 03 Air Operations

• FAD 04 Intelligence Operations / Imagery

• FAD 05 Land Combat Operations

• FAD 06 Maritime Operations

• FAD 07 Combat Service Support

• FAD 08 Special Operations

• FAD 09 Joint Task Force (JTF) Operations Control

• FAD 10 Air Defence / Airspace ControlDaCAS: Digitally-aided Close Air Support VMF: Variable Message Format

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IDM - Definition

Improved Data Modem

• Interface to existing voice radios.

• Transmit and receive digital data

➢ MIL-STD-188-220

IDM: Improved Data Modem MIL-STD: Military Standard

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Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation

• Rapid sharing, fusion and dissemination of

information derived from

➢ Traditional & non traditional Electronic Support Measures (ESM)

➢ Traditional & non-traditional Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)

to improve the survivability of coalition forces and to improve the exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum by coalition forces.

• Bi-directional ad-hoc multicast sensor radio network.

12

CESMO - Definition

ESM: Electronic Support Measures SIGINT: Signals Intelligence CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation

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Concept

• to collaborate tactically in joint and combined

activities to share Electronic Support Measures (ESM)

derived information in a timely manner.

➢ STANAG (Standardization Agreement) 4658

➢ AEDP-13 (Allied Engineering Documentation Publication)

13

CESMO - Concept

ESM: Electronic Support Measures STANAG: Standardization Agreement AEDP: Allied Engineering Documentation Publication

CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation

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• Link 16: Full Implementation Air / Ground / Sea

• VMF: IAW US JS Co-ordinated Implementation

➢ A/C/C and B/Dch1/Dch1 (Auto stack detection)

➢ Implementing ECPs

• CESMO: RWR & ELS

14

Airborne Prototype – DEU Tornado

VMF: Variable Message Format US JS: USA Joint Staff RWR: Radar Warning Receiver ELS: Emitter Location System

CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation

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Integration Prototype

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16

Interface Computer Unit (ICU) KY-58 HQ-IIMIL-BUS

1553 Interface


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Hardware

Application

Message Protocol

Standard

(CESMO)AEDP-13

MIL-Std 188-220 C+D1

(VMF)MIL-STD 2045-47001 C+D1MIL-STD 6017 A/B/C

IEEE 802.11n

SkypeProprietary

WhatsAppProprietary


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SIA

SEWOC

CESMO

IDM / Crypto / UHF Radio or

LAN/WAN

• CESMO Messages

MIDS/Link16

CRC

MIDS Low Volume Terminal

(LVT)

• J-Messages

DCAOC

SEWOC

LAN / WAN (J-REAP)

• J-Messages

LAN / WAN (J-REAP)

• J-Messages

Data Links – Mission Specific?

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“Combining” !?

JTAC

DCAOC

MIDS/Link16

CRC SIA

SEWOC

Orbit (CAP)


CESMO

TIP

MESSAGE /

TUNE REPLY

MESSAGE

CESMO

TUNE

MESSAGE

J-REAP




J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

VMF

(BLOS)

K 2.27 „CAS

Request“

VMF

(BLOS)

K 2.32 „CAS

Request

Acceptance“

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

4.

J 12.0

„Mission

Assignment“

TAC SAT

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

CESMO

TUNE

MESSAGE

CESMO

TIP

MESSAGE /

TUNE REPLY

MESSAGE

J-REAP


ASOC (AOCC)CESMO

CP

IP

VMF (LOS)


Station Report“

VMF (LOS)

K02.35 „Aircraft


VMF (LOS)


Briefing“

J 12.0

DEU UNIT

TARGETRequest for

Fire Support

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“Combining” – Where the Magic happens!

JTAC

DCAOC

MIDS/Link16

CRC SIA

SEWOC

Orbit (CAP)


CESMO

TIP

MESSAGE /

TUNE REPLY

MESSAGE

CESMO

TUNE

MESSAGE

J-REAP




J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

VMF

(BLOS)

K 2.27 „CAS

Request“

VMF

(BLOS)

K 2.32 „CAS

Request

Acceptance“

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

4.

J 12.0

„Mission

Assignment“

TAC SAT

J 3.7

J 14.0

(J3.5)

CESMO

TUNE

MESSAGE

CESMO

TIP

MESSAGE /

TUNE REPLY

MESSAGE

J-REAP


ASOC (AOCC)CESMO

CP

IP

VMF (LOS)


Station Report“

VMF (LOS)

K02.35 „Aircraft


VMF (LOS)


Briefing“

J 12.0

DEU UNIT

TARGETRequest for

Fire SupportL16/VMF-Gateway

L16/CESMO-Gateway

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21

Ex TIMBER EXPRESS

Officer Scheduling the Exercise

German Air Force Headquarters

Officer Conducting the Exercise

German Air Operation Command

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What is TE?

• „Link 16 Live Training Exercise“

• Bi-national: DEU - USA

• L16 core IDM-based comms

• Goal: Promote L16

• Challenge: Advance L16 interoperability

➢ Within L16

➢ Other DLs

➢ Analysis

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Expectation!

• Maintain L16 ex network

• Networks for testing

• QRA(I) support

• Learning experience for SMEs

• Training completion

• Educate senior leadership

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Experimental Part

• Integration of VMF & CESMO

• Fusion of different domains

• „Forwarding“ VMF / CESMO L16

• S/A augmentation

• Challenging the planners

• JREAP-C via „dirty“ internet

• Remote control of L16-terminals

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What happened in reality?

• Training

✓ Demanding data link environment

✓ QRA(I) & live flying support

✓ Additional experimental network

• Experimental Part

✓ Automated translation VMF CESMO

✓ Automatic transmission CESMO L16

• Hanscom

✓ TX of „tactical picture“

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Benefits / Assessment?

• Training

✓ Training goals were achieved

✓ Indication of conspicuous behaviour

✓ Analysis is effective for further details

• Experimental Part

✓ „Common Situation Picture“

✓ Enormous information density

• Hanscom

✓ Internet „Network Enabled Operations“

✓ Civil data infra-structure: pros and cons

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TE Lessons

• What did we see?

• What have we learned?

• What will we change?

• What will we ignore?

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What did we see?

• Large scale live tactical data link

exercises are an outstanding training

opportunity.

• CESMO may have a long and

interesting future.

• Using open means of communication

should be evaluated more thoroughly.

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What have we learned?

• There is always more to learn about Link 16.

• A rigid test plan may not be helpful.

• “Things do not start to fall apart until you

start connecting things!”.

• “If you wait until the last minute, it only

takes a minute!”.

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What will we change?

• A planning time frame of two months may be a

bit too short.

• A week of setup is not enough.

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What will we ignore?

“You can’t do that!”

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What’s next in 2018?

• Carry out another one!

• Remaining 2017 goals!

• Involvement of Link 22!

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Challenges

• Need for a standard L16/VMF?

• Need for a standard L16/CESMO?

• Need for a standard VMF/CESMO?

• 9-liner as a J-message?

• Planning & coordination done by one authority?

• OPTASK Link? Frequencies?

• New series of messages?

• …

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Mission Accomplished – IDLS 2016

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Thank you for your attention!

Volker Schaaf German Air Force Headquarters

Lieutenant Colonel Branch 2 III b – TDL / ID / M&S / OR

Branch Chief [email protected]

[email protected] General-Steinhoff-Kaserne

Phone: +49(0)30–3687–3281 Kladower Damm 182

D-14089 Berlin (Germany)

German Air Force Headquarters Mission Specific Data Links

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