German Absolutism. Central Monarchs Clash The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) The Thirty Years’...
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Transcript of German Absolutism. Central Monarchs Clash The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) The Thirty Years’...
German Absolutism German Absolutism
Central Monarchs ClashCentral Monarchs Clash
The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)• Fought between Protestants (Hapsburgs) and Fought between Protestants (Hapsburgs) and
Catholics in the Holy Roman EmpireCatholics in the Holy Roman Empire• Naval warfare expanded its destructionNaval warfare expanded its destruction• Helped to shape colonial formation of future Helped to shape colonial formation of future
nationsnations• First 12 years, Catholics are successfulFirst 12 years, Catholics are successful• Next 18 years, Protestants gain the Next 18 years, Protestants gain the
advantage….with the help of French Catholics!advantage….with the help of French Catholics!
Hapsburg Crest – Hapsburg Crest – Dual Headed EagleDual Headed Eagle
Spain Austria
The Peace of WestphaliaThe Peace of Westphalia
Ends the Thirty Years’ WarEnds the Thirty Years’ War• Hapsburgs of Spain and Austria weakenedHapsburgs of Spain and Austria weakened• France was strengthened (Gained German France was strengthened (Gained German
territory)territory)• Religious wars in Europe endedReligious wars in Europe ended• German princes were independent of HREGerman princes were independent of HRE• Peace negotiation to end wars startedPeace negotiation to end wars started
Beginning of Modern StatesBeginning of Modern States• Ended the idea of a Catholic empireEnded the idea of a Catholic empire
States Form in Central EuropeStates Form in Central Europe Economic Contrasts with the WestEconomic Contrasts with the West
• Serfdom still strong in eastern EuropeSerfdom still strong in eastern Europe• Blocked the development of strong Blocked the development of strong
KingsKings Weak EmpiresWeak Empires
• Ottoman Empire & Holy Roman EmpireOttoman Empire & Holy Roman Empire Will leave a power vacuum in Central EuropeWill leave a power vacuum in Central Europe
The rise of Austria and PrussiaThe rise of Austria and Prussia• Due to the end of the Holy Roman Due to the end of the Holy Roman
EmpireEmpire
Austria GrowsAustria Grows
Austria Grows StrongerAustria Grows Stronger• Gains Hungary and Gains Hungary and
BohemiaBohemia• Wiped out ProtestantismWiped out Protestantism
Maria Theresa Inherits Maria Theresa Inherits the Thronethe Throne• Fought constantly with Fought constantly with
Prussia & surrounding Prussia & surrounding areasareas
• Limited the labor that Limited the labor that nobles could force nobles could force peasants to dopeasants to do
Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria
The Rise of Prussia (Hohenzollerns)The Rise of Prussia (Hohenzollerns)• Became a rigidly controlled, highly Became a rigidly controlled, highly
militarized societymilitarized society Controlled by the King and the Junker class Controlled by the King and the Junker class
(landowning nobles)(landowning nobles) Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great
• Very practical leader – ruler as fatherVery practical leader – ruler as father• Atheist- established religious tolerationAtheist- established religious toleration• Very aggressive in foreign affairsVery aggressive in foreign affairs
Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great
Prussia Challenges Austria (cont)Prussia Challenges Austria (cont) War of Austrian SuccessionWar of Austrian Succession
• War between Prussia and Austria (1740)War between Prussia and Austria (1740)• Fought for control of Silesia (iron, Fought for control of Silesia (iron,
textiles)textiles)• France helped Prussia(Frederick the France helped Prussia(Frederick the
Great) Great) • England and Austria(Maria Theresa)England and Austria(Maria Theresa)• Prussia wins in 1748(Treaty of Aix-la-Prussia wins in 1748(Treaty of Aix-la-
Chapelle), gains SilesiaChapelle), gains Silesia Becomes a major European powerBecomes a major European power
The Seven Years’ WarThe Seven Years’ War
Austria, France, Russia vs. Prussia and Austria, France, Russia vs. Prussia and BritainBritain
1756 – Frederick attacked and Austrian 1756 – Frederick attacked and Austrian ally, beginning the war “1ally, beginning the war “1stst World War” World War”
War did not change European territoryWar did not change European territory• France lost all colonies in North France lost all colonies in North
America(remember the War of 1812) and America(remember the War of 1812) and India to BritainIndia to Britain