Gerdenitsch eawop
13
When freedom becomes duty: The role of perceived control in flexible working arrangements Cornelia Gerdenitsch Bettina Kubicek Christian Korunka
-
Upload
cornelia-gerdenitsch -
Category
Documents
-
view
169 -
download
2
Transcript of Gerdenitsch eawop
When freedom becomes duty:The role of perceived control
in flexible working arrangements
Cornelia Gerdenitsch
Bettina Kubicek
Christian Korunka
Change in Working Conditions: Flexible Working
• Temporal flexibility: autonomy in deciding when to work
• Spatial flexibility: various options to work at (on the move, cafés, coworking spaces, hot-desking)
theoretical background.
(Medialia & Jacobs, 2008; ten Brummelhuis, Bakker, Hetland & Jeulemans, 2012; Demerouti, Derks, ten Brummelhuis, Bakker, in press) 2
Change in Working Conditions: Flexible Working
• One enabler: Information- and Communication Technologies (“New Ways of Working” concept; Baarne, Houtkamp, & Knotter, 2010)
(Medialia & Jacobs, 2008; ten Brummelhuis, Bakker, Hetland & Jeulemans, 2012; Demerouti, Derks, ten Brummelhuis, Bakker, in press)
How do Digital Natives (Prensky,
2001) appraise temporal and spatial flexibility at their work?
3
theoretical background.
Flexible Working Arrangements: Ambiguous Consequences
4
• Job satisfaction(Baruch, 2000; Gajendran & Harrison 2007)
• Engagement (ten Brummelhuis et al., 2012)
• Organisational commitment (Bond & Galinsky 2006)
• Work non-work balance (Byron, 2005)
PROS CONS
• Workload and time pressure(Kelliher & Anderson, 2010)
• Work non-work conflict (Anderson, Coffey, Byerly, 2002)
• Permanent connection to work(Diaz et al., 2012)
• Interruptions (Spiegelman & Destky, 2008)
(Demerouti, Derks, ten Brummelhuis, & Bakker, in press)
theoretical background.
Control in flexible working arrangements
• Dichotomous structure of flexibility
– Temporal autonomy vs. temporal restriction (Kattenbach et al. 2010)
– Spatial autonomy vs. spatial restriction?
• Autonomous vs. controlled motivation (Self-determination theory, SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000)
– Autonomous motivation occurs if people experience choice
– Controlled motivation pressure to act in a specific way
5
(Glass & Finley, 2002; Gajendran & Harrison, 2007)
theoretical background.
How do Digital Natives experience temporal and spatial flexibility at their work?
In which temporal and spatial flexible situations, do they feel autonomously and/or controlled?
6
research question.
• Mixed-method
Qualitative semi-structured interviews includingquantitative ratings
N = 45
27 ♂
22 – 31 years (M = 26.37, SD = 2.21)
7
method.
Positive situations of temporal/spatial flexibility
8
results.
Categories Frequencies
Decision lattitude42 times(temporal 20, spatial 22)
Efficiency12 times(temporal 8, spatial 4)
Work non-workbalance
10 times(temporal 4, spatial 6)
Careerdevelopment
5 times(temporal 5, spatial 0)
“…gives me the freedom to determine the conditions of my working time including working longer or leaving earlier” (#41, male, 28 years, economics)
“I can impress my colleagues and my supervisor by being permanently available and accessible.” (#10, male, 27 years, economics)
Negative situations of temporal/spatial flexibility
9
results.
Categories Frequencies
Workload18 times (temporal 9, spatial 9)
Work non-workconflict
14 times(temporal 7, spatial 7)
Disturbing workenvironment
10 times (temporal 0, spatial 10)
Accessibility10 times(temporal 10, spatial 0)
“.... it is much easier to work more, for example working additionally on the weekends.” (#4, male, 24 years, architecture)
„There is pressure to reply also during leisure time or vacation” (#44, female, 24 years, marketing)
Positive situations: Role of Control
10
results.
**
*
decision latitude (t82 = 10.01, p = .000)efficiency (t22 = 3.40, p = .003) work non-work balance (t18 = 6.73, p = .000)career development (t8 = 1.265, p = .242)
Negative situations: Role of Control
11
results.
workload (t34 = .251, p = .803)work non-work conflict (t28 = -1.028, p = .313) disturbing work environment (t18 = 1.741, p = .099) accessibility (t18 = .970, p = .345)
Digital natives and flexible working
• Describe positve and negative aspects of flexible working arrangements for digital natives
– Career development
• Control: two-dimensions
– Autonomously
– Externally-controlled INTERNALIZATION (SDT)
• Introjection: people behave in a specific way to feel worthy
• Identification: behavior is congruent with one’s personal goals
• integration: an integrative part of who they are
12
discussion & conclusion.
