Geothermal Heat Pump Systems - GAOI · 2015-04-15 · Heat Pumps • Heat pumps “move” energy...
Transcript of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems - GAOI · 2015-04-15 · Heat Pumps • Heat pumps “move” energy...
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Geothermal Heat Pump
Systems
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Earth is a Vast Solar Collector
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U.S. Underground
Temperatures
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72°F
62°F
Geothermal heat pumps
transfer underground heat into
the building to provide heating
The Earth is a Source
of Heat in Winter…
Outdoor air temperature: 5°F
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Outdoor air temperature: 100°F
72°F
62°F
Geothermal heat pumps
transfer heat from the building
to the earth to provide cooling
… and an Efficient
Place to Reject Heat
in the Summer…
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Geothermal heat pumps
circulate water through a
sealed underground piping
loop where it is naturally
warmed (or cooled) by the
earth
…using Heat
Pump Technology
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Geothermal is not new technology
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Geothermal is not new technology
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Geothermal is not new technology
• Ground loop development using iron and copper
loops in the 1940’s. PB and PE pipe made viable in
late 1970’s.
• Oklahoma State University began involvement in
late 1970s driven by J. Bose, J. Partin, and G. Parker
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Heat Pumps
• Heat pumps “move” energy from one location to
another, instead of creating heat by burning fossil fuels,
such as a gas furnace does. -- (like your refrigerator).
• Geothermal Heat Pumps use the earth or well water to
provide heating, cooling and hot water for your home.
• A geothermal heat pump “moves” energy to/from the
ground, eliminating the outdoor equipment associated
with ordinary heat pumps or air conditioners.
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Heat Pump Operation• Geothermal heat pumps consist of four
circuits:
– Distribution circuit• The system that distributes the conditioned air or
water solution throughout the home or building and returns it to the unit.
– Refrigerant circuit• A sealed and pressurized circuit of refrigerant
including compressor, expansion valve, water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger(s), air coil, reversing valve. The refrigerant is either R-22 or R-410A.
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Heat Pump Operation
• Geothermal heat pumps consist of four circuits:
– Ground loop circuit• The piping system buried in the ground has fluid
that is circulated by pumps to and from the geothermal unit.
– Hot water circuit• Domestic water can be heated in a geothermal unit
with a device called a desuperheater. A piping connection is made from the geothermal unit to the water heater.
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Heat Pump Operation
• The Four Circuits in a Geothermal Heat
Pump
Distribution Circuit
Earth Loop Circuit
Refrigeration Circuit
Hot Water Circuit
= Flow of Energy
(Heat)
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Heat Pump Operation• Each of these circuits is closed and sealed
from the others—there is no direct mixing.
• However, heat energy does transfer from the refrigeration circuit to the other three circuits.
• The refrigerant flow will change direction when the unit changes modes (heating or cooling).
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Heating Mode Operation
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Cooling Mode Operation
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The Basic Refrigeration CycleCompressor
CondenserEvaporator
TXV
High Pressure
Vapor State
High Pressure
Liquid State
Low Pressure
Liquid State
Low Pressure
Vapor State
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The Refrigeration Cycle
• Heating Mode Operation
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The Refrigeration Cycle
• Cooling Mode Operation
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Free Energy
• Geothermal Heat Pumps use only a small amount of
energy to capture a large amount of FREE energy from
the earth.
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Equipment Performance Ratings
• ARI has designated the efficiency ratings for
water-to-air heat pumps as:
– Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
• EER = BTU output divided by power watt input
• For cooling operation under steady state test conditions
– Coefficient of Performance (COP)
• COP = BTU output divided by BTU input
• For heating operation under steady state test
conditions
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Geothermal Performance Comparison
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cooling Efficiency (EER)
New Geothermal Unit
Previous Geothermal Unit
High Efficiency AC or HeatPump
Ordinary Air Conditioner orHeat Pump
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Geothermal Performance Comparison
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Heating Efficiency (COP)
New Geothermal Unit
Previous Geothermal Unit
Heat Pump
High Efficiency Gas/Propane
Furnace
Ordinary Gas/Propane Furnace
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Loop Types• Closed Loop (w/ antifreeze)
– Horizontal
– Vertical
– Pond
• Open Loop
– Well Water
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Well Water
(Open Loop)
Uses
existing well
Requires 1.5 gpm/ton
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Horizontal Loop
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10 ft.
3 feet
2 feet
5- 6 feet
2 feet
2- Pipe Horizontal
Typically 3-4 trenches, 250 feet long each
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10 ft.
3 feet
2 feet
5- 6 feet
2 feet
4- Pipe Horizontal
Typically 2 trenches, 180 feet long each
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10 ft.
3 feet
2 feet
5- 6 feet
2-3 feet 1 foot
6- Pipe Horizontal
Typically 1 or 2 trenches, 120 feet long each
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Horizontal 4 & 6 Pipe Loops
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Typically 3 or 4 trenches, 100-150 feet long each
10 ft.
5- 6 feet
2-3 feet
Slinky
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Horizontal Slinky Loops
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Horizontal Bore Loops
Typically 3-4 bores, 200 feet long each
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Vertical Loop
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10 – 15 feet
5- 6 feet
Side View
120 – 150 feet
Vertical Loop
Typically 3 to 5 bore
holes, 130 feet deep
each
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Vertical bore without backfill
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Vertical Loop/Grouted
Bentonite
Grout backfill
Geothermal pipe
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U-Bend
used for
Vertical
Loops
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Vertical Loop
Drilling
Use drilling rig
like ones used
for water well
drilling.
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Pond Loop
Minimum ½ acre,
8 ft. deep
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Spacers allow
for more
circulation
around pipes
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Top View
Side View
Typically 3 to 5 coils,
300 feet long each
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Horizontal Pond/Lake Loops
Slim Jim Lake Plate Heat Exchanger
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Racked Loops
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Position, Fill & Submerge
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Early Systems
1-Stage Equipment
• Either ON or OFF
• Short cycling
• Ineffective Humidity Control
• Temperature fluctuations
• 12-15 EER 3.0 COP
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Current Technology
• Variable Speed ECM Blowers
• 2-stage compressors
• 1-stage loop pumps
• Big improvement in efficiency and comfort
• 30 EER, 5 COP
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Current GHP Controls
Circa 1990
14 wires
9 wires
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Newest Technology
• Variable Speed ECM Blowers
• Variable Speed Compressors - Inverters
• Variable Speed ECM Loop Pumps
• 100% DHW with “smart tank” and 2nd HEX
• 45-50 EER 5.3 COP
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Smart Sensors
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Smart Valves
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Electronic Expansion Valves Are
Controlled By Steps
• The control board looks at refrigerant
temperature and opens or closes the valve
in steps.
• In Units that are multi function a second
EEV and be driven 100% closed forcing
refrigerant down another path.
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EEV Position Steps
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Variable Speed Compressor
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The basic operation is similar to our ECM and Magna
pumps. The AC power input is converted or rectified to
DC power. The DC power is then rapidly switched on
and off through PWM to create a 3-phase sine wave
whose frequency and output voltage is adjusted to vary
the speed of the compressor. The board also includes an
off board inductor and capacitor used for power factor
correction and to store up DC bus voltage.
How the Inverter Works!
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Variable Speed Pump
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Grundfos Variable Speed Pump
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Advanced Heat Exchangers
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Micro-Channel Air Coils
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Micro-Channel Air Coils
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Micro-Channel Air Coils
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Communicating GHP Controls
4 wires2-way com
$ less
Launched 2011
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Can see real time operation
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Real time operation
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Operations
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Operations
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Operations
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Reports from Homeowner port
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Homeowner port
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Homeowner weather
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Summary
• Newest systems are even more efficient
• Up to 30% less energy than current models
• More even temperature improves comfort
• Perfect for zoned systems
• More flexibility with 100% DHW
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Questions?