Geothermal Energy

ONE OF THE BEST RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE

WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY??

Geothermal Energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth’s surface.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM??

History of Geothermal Energy

Hot springs have been used for bathing at least since Paleolithic times the oldest known spa is a stone pool on China’s Lisan mountain built in the Qin dynasty in the 3rd century BC.

In 1892, America's first district heating

system in Boise, Idaho was powered directly by geothermal energy.

A deep geothermal well was used to

heat greenhouses in Boise in 1926, and geysers were used to heat greenhouses in Iceland and Tuscany at about the same time.

Resources of Geothermal Energy

The Earth's internal thermal energy flows to the surface by conduction at a rate of 44.2 terawatts (TW), and is replenished by radioactive decay of minerals at a rate of 30 TW.

Resources of Geothermal Energy

Outside of the seasonal variations, the geothermal gradient of temperatures through the crust is 25–30 °C (45–54 °F) per kilometer of depth in most of the world.

Enhanced geothermal system

1:Reservoir 2:Pump house3:Heat exchanger 4:Turbine hall 5:Production well 6:Injection well 7:Hot water to district heating 8:Porous sediments 9:Observation well 10:Crystalline bedrock

USES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Direct use and district heating systems 

Electricity generation power plants 

Geothermal heat pumps 

Direct use and district heating systems

There have been direct uses of hot water as an energy source since ancient times.

Used for bathing, cooking.

Used for heating buildings through district heating systems.

Electricity generation power plants

In 2012, six states had geothermal power plants. There are three types of Power Plants:

Dry steam plants

Flash steam plants

Binary cycle power plants

Geothermal heat pumps

Geothermal Electricity

In the 20th century, demand for electricity led to the consideration of geothermal power as a generating source. Prince Piero tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904 in Italy. It successfully lit four light bulbs.

Geothermal Electricity

Later, in 1911, the world's first commercial geothermal power plant was built there. Experimental generators were built in Beppu, Japan and the California, in the 1920s, but Italy was the world's only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958.

Worldwide production

The International Geothermal Association (IGA) has reported that 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power in 24 countries is online, which is expected to generate 67,246 GWh of electricity in 2010.

Worldwide production

The largest group of geothermal power plants in the world is located at The Geysers, a geothermal field in California.

CountryCapacity

(MW)2007

Capacity (MW)2010

Capacity (MW)2013

Percentage (%) of

National Production

USA 2687 3086 3389 0.30

Philippines 1969.7 1904 1894 27.00

Indonesia 992 1197 1333 3.70

Mexico 953 958 980 3.00

Italy 810.5 843 901 1.50

Japan 535.2 536 537 0.10

Environmental effects

Fluids drawn from the deep earth carry a mixture of gases, notably 

Carbon dioxide (CO2),Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Methane (CH4) and Ammonia (NH3).

These pollutants contribute to global warming, acid rain, and noxious smells if released.

Environmental effects

Existing geothermal electric plants emit an average of 122 kilograms (270 lb) of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity, a small fraction of the emission intensity of conventional fossil fuel plants.

Environmental effects

Direct geothermal

heating systems contain pumps and compressors.

If the electricity is

produced by burning fossil fuels.

THANK YOU

Presented ByPresented ByManas PatraElectrical EngineeringFinal YearAsansol Engineering College