Geospatial Visualization in Place
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Geospatial Visualization In Place: New Opportunities with Augmented Reality
Mark Billinghurst HIT Lab NZ
University of Canterbury
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Christchurch Earthquakes
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Christchurch Before and After
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Professional solutions available Autodesk REVIST, ESRI ArcGIS, Grass,etc
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Emerging Novel User Interfaces Stereo Visualization Multi-touch screens Smartphones
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VisionSpace
Next Generation Immersive Visualization
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GeoSpatial Data
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Limitations Complex interfaces Unintuitive interaction 2D display for 3D content Separation from the real world Remote visualization
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Augmented Reality (Azuma 97) Combines Real and Virtual Images
- Both can be seen at the same time Interactive in real-time
- The virtual content can be interacted with Registered in 3D
- Virtual objects appear fixed in space
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Put AR pictures here
Augmented Reality Examples
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AR and Geospatial Visualization Enhanced Maps
AR overlay on printed material
Outdoor AR In place visualization
Mobile AR Sensor Visualization
Sensor data shown in place
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AR Markerless Tracking
OPIRA Library Uses natural features for tracking Fast, robust performance
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Interactive AR Maps Markerless tracking 3D model overlay Gesture input
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Outdoor AR
Highly accurate outdoor AR tracking system GPS, Inertial, RTK system HMD
First prototype Laptop based 2-3 cm accuracy
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Image Registration
AR Stakeout Application
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PCI 3D Graphics Board
Hard Drive
Serial
Ports
CPU
PC104 Sound Card
PC104 PCMCIA
GPS Antenna
Tracker Controller
DC to DC Converter
Battery
Wearable Computer
GPS RTK correction
Radio
Example self-built working solution with PCI-based 3D graphics
Columbia Touring Machine
Mobile AR - Hardware
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2008 - Location Aware Phones
Nokia Navigator Motorola Droid
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Real World Information Overlay Tag real world locations
GPS + Compass input Overlay graphics data on live video
Applications Travel guide, Advertising, etc
Eg: Mobilizy Wikitude Android based, Public API released
Other companies Layar, AcrossAir, Tochnidot, RobotVision, etc
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Layar – www.layar.com iPhone, Android > 2 million downloads 1500+ information layers
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HIT Lab NZ Outdoor AR Platform
Cross platform Android, iPhone
3D onsite visualization Intuitive user interface
Positions content in space Camera, GPS, compass
Client/Server software architecture Targeting museum guide/outdoor site applications
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Prototype: Earthquake Reconstruction
See past, present and future building designs Earthquake survivor stories shown on map view Collect user comments Android platform
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Client/Server Architecture
Android application
Web application java and php server
Database server Postgres
Web Interface
Add models
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Hydrosys Project (TU Graz) http://www.hydrosysonline.eu/ Smart Earth visualization Sensor network Handheld AR display
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AR View
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Hydrosys Interface
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Looking to the Future
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Research Directions User Interface Wide Area Tracking Information Filtering Application Evaluation Social Networking
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AR Navigation Many commercial AR browsers
Information in place How to navigate to POI
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2D vs. AR Navigation?
VS
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AR Navigation Study Users navigate between Points of Interest Three conditions
AR: Using only an AR view 2D-map: Using only a top down 2D map view AR+2D-map: Using both an AR and 2D map view
Experiment Measures Quantitative
- Time taken, Distance travelled
Qualitative - Experimenter observations, Navigation behavior, Interviews - User surveys, workload (NASA TLX)
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HIT Lab NZ Test Platform – AR View
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HIT Lab NZ Platform – Map View
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Distance and Time
No significant differences
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Paths Travelled
Red – AR Blue – AR + Map Yellow - Map
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Navigation Behaviour Depends on interface
Map doesn’t show short cuts
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Survey Responses
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User Comments AR
“you don't know exactly where you are all of the time.” “using AR I found it difficult to see where I was going”
Map “you were able to get a sense of where you were” “you are actually able to see the physical objects around you”
AR+MAP “I used the map at the beginning to understand where the
buildings were and the AR between each point” “You can choose a direction with AR and find the shortest way
using the map.”
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Usability Issues Screen readability in sunlight GPS inaccuracies Compass errors Touch screen difficulties No routing information
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Lessons Learned User adapt navigation behaviour to guide type
AR interface shows shortcuts Map interface good for planning
Include map view in AR interface 2D exocentric, and 3D egocentric
Allow people to easily change between views May use Map far away, AR close
Difficult to accurately show depth
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Conclusions • AR allows for GeoSpatial Visualization in Place • Hardware and software platforms widely available • Many possible applications/commercial possibilities • Important research problems need to be solved
– Wide area tracking – User experience – Information presentation/filtering – Etc..