Georgia Studies

Unit 5: The New South

Lesson 2: Social and Political Change

Study Presentation

•Opening: Discuss Unit 5: Lesson 2 W.S. (Social & Political Change)

•Work Session: View GA Stories clip with facts; Work alone on answering Unit 5: Lesson 2 W.S.

•Closing: Summation

Unit 5: The New SouthLesson 2: Social and Political Change

NounsVerbs

Lesson 2: Social and Political Change

History Standard – SS8H7The student will evaluate key political,

social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

SS8H7 Elements

b. Analyze how rights were denied to African-Americans through Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and racial violence.

c. Explain the roles of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, John and Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo Herndon.

Find the major verbs and nouns and label them on your “T” Chart.

Unit 5: The New South Lesson 2: Social and Political Change

•How rights were denied to African Americans through:

1. Jim Crow Laws

2. Plessy v. Ferguson

3. Disenfranchisement

4. Racial Violence

•Roles of:

1. Booker T. Washington

2. W. E. B. DuBois

3. John and Lugenia Burns Hope

4. Alonzo Herndon

• Analyze

• Explain

NounsVerbs

Lesson 2: Social and Political Change

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION:–How did influential African Americans

influence social, political, and economic change?

Separate But Equal• Civil Rights: rights a person has as a citizen• Jim Crow laws passed to separate blacks and

whites; legal basis for segregation (separation of people based on race)

• Plessy v. Ferguson: Homer Plessy, in an act of planned civil disobedience, was arrested for sitting in a white only train car. Plessy, who was only 1/8 black, was considered colored in Louisiana.

• Supreme Court decided that segregation (Jim Crow Laws) was allowed by federal law in public institutions as long as they were “separate but equal” – decision in place until 1954 (Brown v. Board of Education).

A Loss of Voting Rights• Rules created to keep African Americans in

Georgia from voting (disenfranchisement):– Poll tax: a tax paid to vote– Property test: Voters had to own property– Literacy test: Voters had to pass a literacy test

(which was determined by the poll worker and could be different for different people)

– Grandfather clause: only those men whose fathers or grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1867 could vote

– Gerrymandering: election districts drawn up to divide the African American voters

Racial Violence• Race riots and terrorist activities (like the

1906 Atlanta Riot and the lynching of Leo Frank) increased during the New South (1877-1918).

• White Supremacist Groups, like the Ku Klux Klan, continued to spread and grow throughout the South during this time period.

• Racial violence in the United States (particularly in the South) continued for decades and would not begin to slow until the civil rights movement of the 1960’s.

Booker T. Washington• Outstanding civil rights leader of the era• President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama• Supported good relations between blacks and

whites• Worked to improve the lives of African Americans

through economic independence• Believed social and political equality would come

with improved economic conditions and education (known as accommodationism).

• Gave the famous “Atlanta Compromise” speech in 1895; discussed his ideas of shared responsibility and the importance of education over equality.

W. E. B. DuBois• Professor at Atlanta University• Recognized the importance of speeches given

by Booker T. Washington but did not agree with accommodationism

• Believed in “action” if African Americans and whites were to understand and accept each other

• Thought Booker T. Washington was too accepting of social injustice

• Began urging black activists to organize together in protest against segregation and discrimination.

African Americans Organize

• W.E.B. DuBois founded the Niagara movement; group which met in Niagara Falls to assemble a list of demands, which included the end of segregation and discrimination

• NAACP (1909): National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Worked for the rights of African Americans

• W.E.B. DuBois left Atlanta to work for the NAACP in New York

• National Urban League formed in 1910– Worked to solve social problems of African Americans in cities– Assisted people moving from rural South to urban North

John and Lugenia Burns Hope

• John Hope was a Civil rights leader from Augusta, GA

• President of Atlanta University• Like DuBois, believed that African

Americans should actively work for equality• Part of group that organized NAACP• Hope’s wife, Lugenia, worked to improve

sanitation, roads, healthcare and education for African American neighborhoods in Atlanta

Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company

• Alonzo Herndon started barber business• 1905: Purchased small insurance

company and managed it well• Now one of the largest African American

businesses in the US• Worth over $200 million and operates in

17 states

Women’s Suffrage

• Suffrage: the right to vote• Seneca Falls, NY – famous meeting of

suffragettes • 1920: 19th Amendment gives women

the right to vote – Georgia did not ratify (approve) the amendment