Georgia Constitution weaknesses: 1. similar to the Articles of Confederation 2. unicameral...
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Transcript of Georgia Constitution weaknesses: 1. similar to the Articles of Confederation 2. unicameral...
Georgia Constitution weaknesses:
1. similar to the Articles of Confederation2. unicameral legislative branch where 1 legislative branch governed and appointed members of power3. Georgians had no say in ratifying the original constitution4. governor had little power 5. John Treutlen -first governor of GA
The Articles of Confederationwritten to free selves from Britain
Powers had Powers not hadDeclare war Collect taxes
Coin money No trade regulation
Establish post offices Unicameral-1 legislation
Send and recall ambassadors Each state had own currency
State power not fed. power 13 out of 13 to pass laws
1 vote per state no matter population size
Constitutional Convention Met to write the constitution since the AOC was not successful--1787 Could not have military because states would not pay taxes—chance of
attack from Native Americans and Europeans Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, and Benjamin
Franklin, Abraham Baldwin, and William Few were some of the leaders to write and sign a new constitution
4 Compromises:
1. 3/5 Compromise-how the states counted slaves for population 2. Great Compromise-have a more even vote despite population
(2 senators and legislatures depending upon population)3. Commerce Clause-taxes and trade would be overseen by the
national gov’t4. Abolish slavery in the future
Role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention
1.Continue to support slavery so it would not be abolished and for slaves to account
in the total population2.Abraham Baldwin’s last minute vote for small states to allow for the
Great Compromise
Abraham Baldwin
Successful politicianParticipated in the
Constitutional Convention and signed the Constitution
Creating UGA (Franklin College)
First President of UGA
William FewSigned the US Constitution at
the Constitutional Convention, but have few words to share
Judge, Senator, and Representative in GA
Few’s remains were moved to GA in 1976 at the bicentennial
UGA
• First institute in GA for higher learning• Abraham Baldwin chosen by Gov Lyman
Hall (signer of the Dec of Ind) to draft a charter
• President of the university—Franklin College (Arts and Science)
• Many political and business leaders of GA graduated from UGA
• Land grant college—free land from federal gov’t to build and grow by selling land they did not intend to use
Louisville SALMA-Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and
Atlanta Named after French King Louis the sixteenth since he
helped in the Revolutionary War Chosen because it was center to GA population of the time Trading center goal –located on the Ogeechee River Capital went Milledgeville next because of a Malaria
outbreak, the difficulty of traveling the river, and continual growth to Northwest
Set fire to the Yazoo Land Act with a magnifying glass Why Louisville? Population, movement, and economic growth
from coast
Methodist and Baptist Church
John Wesley, founder of Methodist Second Great Awakening grew the both
denominations Interested the working classes Slaves converted Revivals and camp meetings to spread
word Methodist-circuit riders from town to
town
Land Policies1. Headright System-acres given to soldiers who fought in Rev. War like Austin Dabney or white heads of households 21 or older offered free land to new settlers to build homes and farms. (200 acres)2. Yazoo Act-land in Alabama and Mississippi (named after the river in Miss.) sold to land companies
Land companies bribed officials/legislators James Jackson resigned his seat and came back to GA to take
over the GA assembly and cancelled the Yazoo Act The land was given to the gov’t for 1.25 million dollars along
with the promise to relinquish Indian land claims and remove Creek Indians from GA
Yazoo Act is known for the Yazoo Land Fraud
3. Land lottery (8)- submit male name of 21 yrs or older then buy a ticket and spin for a lot from a box in another box spin for a name (war veterans, widows, and head of households with children could also participate.
Cotton GinPositive impact:Made the economy (increased profit) and population growMade slavery expand The machine sped up the time to deseedCotton was used to plant to replace bad soil from tobacco growthEli Whitney credit for invention for someCaused westward expansion for more landNegative impact:Caused south to be dependent on 1 crop (boll weevil) Made slavery expand
Railroad• Technological advance along with the cotton gin for
economic growth• 1832 Atlanta approved• Businessmen in Athens began the railroad to transport
cotton faster• GA top ten in track millage• GA most tracks in south• Western and Atlantic Railroad from Chattanooga to GA
1.Terminus-end of line then2. Marthasville after the governor Lumpkin’s daughter then 3. Atlanta- feminine name for Atlantic
• Atlanta first city to be built away from a river that was not navigable
Creek and Cherokee Removal of Native Americans leading to
the Trail of Tears (march from GA to Oklahoma)
Treaty of New York-gave up eastern land Red Stick War-Indians wanting to fight
whites White Stick War-Indians not wanting to
fight Battle of Horseshoe Bend (AL)-Creek
defeated by Andrew Jackson Treaty of Indian Springs-McIntosh signed
away the Indian land in a bribe
Alexander McGillivray Tried to keep Indian land from
whites Signed the Treaty of New York
which promised they would not take any more land
Creek leader of the Oconee War between Indians and GA
William McIntosh Decision to sign the Second Treaty of Indian Springs
which gave up Creek Land(1825) McIntosh, along with six other Creek chiefs, agreed to sell
the remainder of Creek land in Georgia, without the tribe’s consent, for $200,000.
McIntosh received extra cash for his personal lands in the treaty.
Upon hearing about what they considered to be a bribe, the Creek Nation ruled to execute McIntosh for his actions.
On April 30, 1825, 200 Creek warriors carried out McIntosh’s execution at his home by shooting and stabbing him repeatedly.
The Second Treaty of Indian Springs officially removed the Creek from Georgia’s borders.
Sequoyah George Gist Created the Cherokee first written
language Rejected white people completely The Cherokee language was the basis
for the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper and the creation of the Cherokee Constitution
John RossChief of the Cherokee NationFaith in the US government to protect Indian land so he went many times to Washington once to take a petition for stopping Indian removal
Fought removalLost his wife on the Trail of Tears
Gold Rush• America’s first gold rush in Dahlonega,
GA• Gold found on Cherokee land forced
them out of their land, but they received no gold
• Land lottery held of Cherokee land• 20 year gold mining in GA-population
and economic growth• California gold rush ended GA mining
Worcester vs Georgia• Court case that determined the
Cherokee nation sovereign and subject to own laws and land
• Ga ignored the Supreme Court ruling• Andrew Jackson’s decision to not
enforce the decision led to Indian removal from GA
• Worcester (missionary) arrested and held in prison, but was pardoned and released
• Moved to Oklahoma with Cherokees
Andrew Jackson and John Marshall
Andrew Jackson, US President who ignored the Supreme Court decision to let Cherokees keep their land
John Marshall, the Supreme Court judge who sided with the Cherokee and the missionaries for keeping their native lands
Andrew Jackson said, “John Marshall rendered his decision, now let him enforce it.”
meant that the president had to support the Supreme Court for the decision to be upheld.
Trail of Tears The US army forces the removal of the
Cherokee from GA Led by General Winfield Scott Cherokees placed in stockades before
they were forced to march in winter to Oklahoma
Over 4000 people died of disease and exposure