Georgia between World Georgia between World Wars:Wars:

1919 to 19411919 to 1941

GPS SS8H8aGPS SS8H8a

Describe the impact of the boll weevil Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.and drought on Georgia.

The Georgian Economy in The Georgian Economy in 1920s1920s

Although most of the country enjoyed Although most of the country enjoyed great prosperity throughout the great prosperity throughout the 1920s, Georgia and a number 1920s, Georgia and a number southern states (which were still southern states (which were still predominantly farming states) predominantly farming states) suffered due to:suffered due to:

1.1. Boll weevilBoll weevil2.2. DroughtsDroughts3.3. Lost of farms Lost of farms 4.4. Exodus of workersExodus of workers

1. Boll weevil1. Boll weevil

¼ inch long insect ¼ inch long insect

Larvae feed off bolls of Larvae feed off bolls of the cotton plant the cotton plant (fibers)(fibers)

Moved from Mexico into Moved from Mexico into Georgia in 1915Georgia in 1915

What happened? What happened?

Makes cotton plant uselessMakes cotton plant useless

Immediate effect?Immediate effect?

Thousands of acres of cotton field destroyed. Thousands of acres of cotton field destroyed.

Long Term effects?Long Term effects?

Prices of cotton drops to only 15 cents per poundPrices of cotton drops to only 15 cents per pound

The failing Cotton harvest (the major crop of the The failing Cotton harvest (the major crop of the South) negative effects on other parts of South) negative effects on other parts of economyeconomy

2. Drought of 19242. Drought of 1924

What happened? Parched and sun-baked What happened? Parched and sun-baked fields destroy cotton and other cropsfields destroy cotton and other crops

Immediate effect? Farmers lost income due Immediate effect? Farmers lost income due to lost of cropsto lost of crops

Long term effects? Farmers either lost Long term effects? Farmers either lost farms or became deeper in debtfarms or became deeper in debt

3. Lost of Farms3. Lost of Farms

What Happened?What Happened?

Crop failures and debts caused many small farms to Crop failures and debts caused many small farms to failfail

Immediate effect?Immediate effect?

60,000 farms in operation were lost in 1920s60,000 farms in operation were lost in 1920s

Long-term effect?Long-term effect?

When farms failed, banks also lost moneyWhen farms failed, banks also lost money

Many farm-related businesses (stores, equipment Many farm-related businesses (stores, equipment dealers, repairmen) closeddealers, repairmen) closed

4.4. Exodus of Farm Workers Exodus of Farm Workers or the “Great Migration”or the “Great Migration”

What happened?What happened?Over 375,000 farm workers left Georgia Over 375,000 farm workers left Georgia

between 1920 to 1925. between 1920 to 1925. Workers, mostly Blacks who left due to racial Workers, mostly Blacks who left due to racial

discriminationdiscrimination

Immediate Effects?Immediate Effects?Blacks had opportunities for better paying Blacks had opportunities for better paying

jobs, education, health care, and civil jobs, education, health care, and civil rights in the Northrights in the North

Long-term Effects?Long-term Effects?Blacks still faced segregation, unequal pay, Blacks still faced segregation, unequal pay,

hostile competition, and over-crowded hostile competition, and over-crowded citiescities

GPS SS8H8bGPS SS8H8b

Explain the economic factors of Explain the economic factors of the Great Depression.the Great Depression.

The Great Depression was:The Great Depression was:1.1. From October 1929 to 1940 (World War II)From October 1929 to 1940 (World War II)

2.2. Started on “Black Tuesday” when the New Started on “Black Tuesday” when the New York Stock Market crashed. (Value of York Stock Market crashed. (Value of stocks fell $40 billion)stocks fell $40 billion)

{U.S. Steel $262 stocks dropped to {U.S. Steel $262 stocks dropped to $22, and Montgomery Ward fell from $138 $22, and Montgomery Ward fell from $138 to $4 a share}to $4 a share}

3.3. By 1932, 13 million (or 1 out of 4) By 1932, 13 million (or 1 out of 4) Americans were unemployedAmericans were unemployed

4.4. Over 9,000 banks failed and millions lost Over 9,000 banks failed and millions lost their savings and cashtheir savings and cash

5. People left homeless to live in 5. People left homeless to live in “Hoovervilles” or wooden and “Hoovervilles” or wooden and cardboard shackscardboard shacks

6. “Soup Kitchens” and “bread lines” 6. “Soup Kitchens” and “bread lines” feed the needyfeed the needy

7.7. Education and health care for Education and health care for children suffered and most went children suffered and most went hungry everyday and had no shoes hungry everyday and had no shoes for their feet.for their feet.

Cause and Effect of The Great DepressionCause and Effect of The Great Depression

Cause #1 Cause #1

Stock Market Stock Market

SpeculationSpeculation

Effect:Effect:

Prices of stock rose Prices of stock rose higher than they higher than they were really worthwere really worth

Cause #2Cause #2Over-borrowingOver-borrowing

Effect:Effect:

People borrowed (or People borrowed (or given loans) more given loans) more money than they money than they could afford to could afford to repay loans. repay loans.

Cause #3Cause #3

Personal DebtPersonal Debt

Effect:Effect:

Americans bought Americans bought too much “beyond too much “beyond their means.” their means.” Remained in debt Remained in debt when laid off and when laid off and had to sell had to sell belongings.belongings.

Cause #4Cause #4

Unwise Bank Unwise Bank PracticesPractices

Effect: Effect:

Invested too much Invested too much in stock market in stock market and lost money. and lost money. “Runs on Banks” “Runs on Banks”

Banks could not Banks could not cover depositscover deposits

Cause #5Cause #5

Laissez-faireLaissez-faire attitude of attitude of GovernmentGovernment

Effect:Effect:

The economy will The economy will work itself out of work itself out of the depression—the depression—YET it only YET it only created more created more problemsproblems

Cause #6Cause #6

Industrial Industrial OverproductionOverproduction

Effect:Effect:

Companies Companies produce more produce more than they could than they could sell; laid off sell; laid off workers to get workers to get rid of surplusrid of surplus

Cause #7Cause #7

High TariffsHigh Tariffs

Effect:Effect:

Other countries Other countries not be able to not be able to buy American buy American goods and pay goods and pay off wartime off wartime debts.debts.

Cause #8Cause #8Depressed Depressed

Agricultural Agricultural ProductionProduction

Effect:Effect:

Droughts and Droughts and overproduction overproduction caused prices to caused prices to drop. Farmers drop. Farmers could not pay off could not pay off debts or buy debts or buy goods. Farm goods. Farm communities in communities in their own their own “depression”“depression”

GPS SS8H8dGPS SS8H8d

Discuss the effect of the New Deal in Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Acts, rural electrification, Adjustment Acts, rural electrification, and Social Security.and Social Security.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New Dealand The New Deal

During Roosevelt first “100 Days” as During Roosevelt first “100 Days” as president in 1933, he introduced 15 president in 1933, he introduced 15 programs to Congress and passed easily: programs to Congress and passed easily:

1. provide relief to the needy 1. provide relief to the needy

2. economic recovery and create jobs 2. economic recovery and create jobs

3. Reform financial system3. Reform financial system

Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps

(CCC) Provided jobs for young men to (CCC) Provided jobs for young men to build projects in national parksbuild projects in national parks

Each young man earned $30 per month Each young man earned $30 per month and send most of it home to their and send most of it home to their familiesfamilies

In Georgia, Kennesaw Mountain National In Georgia, Kennesaw Mountain National Park and Roosevelt State Park; Park and Roosevelt State Park;

Agricultural Adjustment Administration Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)(AAA)

11stst Act in 1933-- to help farmers with low- Act in 1933-- to help farmers with low- priced crops and overproductionpriced crops and overproduction

*provide farmers “subsidies” to *provide farmers “subsidies” to produce less, thus higher prices and produce less, thus higher prices and higherhigher

incomeincome

2nd Act in 1935—Rewarded farmers who 2nd Act in 1935—Rewarded farmers who practiced good conservation methodspracticed good conservation methods

Rural Electrification Administration Rural Electrification Administration (REA)(REA)

Roosevelt’s Warm Springs cottage had Roosevelt’s Warm Springs cottage had electricity but his neighbors did not. electricity but his neighbors did not. Roosevelt proposed the REA bill.Roosevelt proposed the REA bill.

$300 million given extend power lines $300 million given extend power lines in rural areas and buy cheaper in rural areas and buy cheaper electricityelectricity

Higher number of farmers in Georgia Higher number of farmers in Georgia now had electric water pumps, lights now had electric water pumps, lights in the homes, milking machines, and in the homes, milking machines, and household appliances.household appliances.

Social Security Act of 1935Social Security Act of 1935

1.1. Insured citizens over the age of 65 Insured citizens over the age of 65 retirement income retirement income

2.2. Provided workers with Provided workers with unemployment compensationunemployment compensation

3.3. Provided assistance to citizens too Provided assistance to citizens too disable to work, plus assistance for disable to work, plus assistance for their spouse and childrentheir spouse and children

Georgia Governors during the Georgia Governors during the FDR Years (1932 to 1945)FDR Years (1932 to 1945)

SS8H8c Discuss the impact of the SS8H8c Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene political career of Eugene TalmadgeTalmadge

SS8H9b Evaluate the importance SS8H9b Evaluate the importance of Richard Russellof Richard Russell

SS8H10c Discuss the impact of SS8H10c Discuss the impact of Ellis ArnallEllis Arnall

Richard RussellRichard Russell(1931 to 1932)(1931 to 1932)

View on New Deal View on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

Strong supporter of Strong supporter of New Deal; New Deal; Persuaded FDR to Persuaded FDR to start programs start programs beneficial to GAbeneficial to GA

Race Relations:Race Relations:

Believed in Believed in segregation but segregation but spoke out against spoke out against violence used violence used towards Blackstowards Blacks

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:

*Reorganization Act *Reorganization Act of governmentof government

*Eased some *Eased some financial problems financial problems caused by Great caused by Great DepressionDepression

*Served in Senate for *Served in Senate for 38 years and 38 years and brought military brought military contract to GAcontract to GA

Eugene Talmadge (1933 to 1936; Eugene Talmadge (1933 to 1936; 1941 to 1942)1941 to 1942)

Views on New Deal Views on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

*Disliked federal *Disliked federal intervention and intervention and New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs

Race Relations:Race Relations:

*Considered a *Considered a conservative conservative white white supremacy.supremacy.

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:• **Reduced Reduced

property taxes, property taxes, utility rates, and utility rates, and state feesstate fees

• *Large support *Large support from rural votersfrom rural voters

• *Only GA *Only GA governor elected governor elected four timesfour times

Ed Rivers (1937 to 1940)Ed Rivers (1937 to 1940)

Views on New Deal Views on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

Big supporter of New Big supporter of New Deal Programs in Deal Programs in GAGA

Race Relations:Race Relations:

Supported programs Supported programs to help out both to help out both poor whites and poor whites and blacksblacks

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:

*Health services, old *Health services, old age pensions, age pensions, raises for teachers, raises for teachers,

*Expanded electrical *Expanded electrical services to rural services to rural areaarea

*Unemployment *Unemployment compensationcompensation

Ellis Arnall (1943 to 1946)Ellis Arnall (1943 to 1946)

Views on New Deal Views on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

Strong supporter for Strong supporter for Roosevelt's war Roosevelt's war time policiestime policies

Race Relations:Race Relations:

Abolished poll tax Abolished poll tax and white primary and white primary

(100,000 blacks (100,000 blacks voted in 1946 GA voted in 1946 GA primary)primary)

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:• Created boards to Created boards to

monitor Board of monitor Board of Regents and Prison Regents and Prison systemsystem

• *Supported GA to *Supported GA to be first state to be first state to allow 18 year olds allow 18 year olds to voteto vote

• * first governor to * first governor to serve four-year serve four-year termterm